射电类星体辐射压的研究

收集了20个射电宁静类星体(radio quiet quasars,RQQs)和97个射电噪类星体(radio loud quasars,RLQs)的红移、5 100的单色光度、Hβ发射线宽度、射电噪度、5 GHz射电光学流量密度、热光度.分别计算了考虑辐射压影响和没有考虑辐射压影响的黑洞质量和爱丁顿比,利用总的5GHz射电光学流量密度计算了射电光度.分析了它们之间的相关性,得到如下结论:RQQs考虑辐射压的黑洞质量与射电噪度、5 GHz射电光度、热光度的相关性比RLQs考虑辐射压的黑洞质量和射电噪度、5 GHz射电光度、热光度的相关性弱;考虑辐射压后,RQQs的黑洞质量和红移的相关性比RLQs的强,RQQs的黑洞质量Mma108 M☉,而且它的吸积未超爱丁顿吸积;由于辐射压对宽线云有影响,且大多数人认为RQQs可能来自吸积盘,表明宽线区和吸积盘可能有关联;考虑辐射压的RQQs和RLQs的黑洞质量与射电噪度、5 GHz射电光度、热光度的相关性比没有考虑辐射压黑洞质量与射电噪度、5GHz射电光度、热光度的相关性好;考虑辐射压后,RQQs和RLQs的黑洞质量—射电噪度分布、黑洞质量—Ηβ发射线宽度分布、射电噪度—爱丁顿比分布的不同说明辐射压对RQQs和RLQs的不同会产生影响.     

类星体中射电强度与Eigenvector 1的关系

为揭示射电强度R与Eigenvector1的联系,以SDSSDR7中的类星体源为母样本,通过限制基础物理参数黑洞质量和爱丁顿吸积率的范围选择研究样本,并根据射电强度R将样本分为不同的区间建立复合谱,用以探究Eigenvector1中典型观测参数随射电强度R的变化.结果表明:射电强度只与[OⅢ]线的强度正相关,而与光学FeⅡ线强度无关,说明射电辐射只是Eigenvector1中的二级过程,不是驱动因素.     

费米伽玛射线空间望远镜最初3个月观测Blazar的射电和伽玛射线辐射研究

以费米伽玛射线空间望远镜运行来最初3个月观测的Blazar为样本,给出了74个(46个平谱射电类星体,28个BL Lac天体)伽玛射线噪Blazar天体的射电(5 GHz)和伽玛射线流量,计算了射电到伽玛射线辐射的有效谱指数αRγ.研究了有效谱指数及射电光度与伽玛射线光度的关系.结果表明:对于射电和伽玛射线光度都有一个...     

射电天文频率保护

本文简要介绍目前射电天文研究和射电望远镜的国内外现状。由于所观测的宇宙信号非常微弱,射电天文观测极易受到主动业务的干扰。根据国际电信联盟的相关频率保护规定,通过设立无线电宁静区,保护射电天文观测免受人工信号的干扰。     

类星体的多波段观测

在发现类星体的方法中,最有效的４种方法是颜色方法,无缝光谱方法,射电方法和Ｘ射线方法,覆盖的波段为射电波段,光学波段和Ｘ射波段,将４种方法联合在一起,应用于４个ＵＫＳＴ天区。其目的是尽量减少选择效应,建立更完备的类星体巡天体本。从１０２天区开始,已完成了Ｘ射线选和部分光学选的分光观测工作,发现了１颗Ｂ＝１５．１的亮类星本和１个Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ星系对,其强Ｘ射线辐射是迄今首次观测到的。     

关于类星体射电谱指数和绝对视星等关系的统计分析

在宇宙性红移的假设下,对152颗有光学对应体的射电类星体进行了统计分析.得到了有利于封闭式宇宙模型的α_m-M图。类星体在图上分布的规律性呈现了类星体在分类,非热辐射及演化上的一些特性。预言“光变幅度不大于0.5”可作为类星体“标准烛光”分类的一个新的内禀物理量。已在进一步的工作中获得证实。     

XBLs和平谱射电类星体间峰值频率与光谱指数的相关性分析

对Fossati等人的研究中所给出的Blazars样本分别计算同步辐射峰值频率及射电到X射线的宽波段光谱指数;在此基础上研究了XBLs和平谱射电类星体间的峰值频率与光谱指数的相关性质.结果表明:两者之间存在着较强的相关性质,XBLs和平谱射电类星体位于不同的区域,满足αrx<0.75和αrx>0.75.这意味着它们之间的能谱分布形状是有差异的,因而有助于我们了解其内部辐射机制.     

Blazar的发射线与偏振研究

研究了148个Blazars（平谱射电类星体——FSRQs和BL Lacertae天体——BLs）的发射线光度与偏振度以及核主导系数的关系.发现发射线光度与线性偏振度有反相关,这个关系可以从相对论喷流模型得到解释,该结果意味着平谱射电类星体与BLLac天体应归为同一类型.我们进一步研究了样本发射线光度与爱丁顿光度的比值与线性偏振度及核主导系数的关系,得到了一些对理解AGN有益的结果.     

PSR 0329+54,0834+06,1133+16射电累积脉冲轮廓相位分离谱

从相关资料中选取了3个射电累积脉冲轮廓信噪比较高的脉冲星(PSR 0329+54,0834+06,1133+16),分析了它们射电累积脉冲轮廓的特征,并对轮廓进行了相位分离,得到了射电累积脉冲轮廓相位分离谱,同时也给出了不同相位处射电辐射与频率的关系.结果显示：它们的相位分离谱表现为不同的特征,1133+16的谱前后陡中间平, 而0329+54和0834+06的谱相似表现为前平后陡;根据分离谱的特征可对脉冲星进行分类,该分类有助于理解脉冲星的一些观测特性;各源在不同的相位段有不同的辐射强度与频率的相关关系,1133+16辐射强度与频率之间主要表现为负相关,并有很好的线性关系,说明1133+16的射电辐射谱为很好的幂律谱.在||>3°区间内辐射强度与频率之间的相关系数R>0.8,P<0.03.PSR 0329+54射电辐射与频率之间主要表现为正相关关系,在4°>>3°及<-3°区间内其相关系数为R>0.5,P<20%,说明该源的射电辐射基本满足幂律关系;PSR 0834+06各波段的辐射强度与频率关系在不同相位处不尽相同,说明该源的射电辐射不能很好地满足幂律关系.     

γ噪Blazar天体特性的研究

分析了包含66个具有噪Blazar天体(其中19个BLLac天体和47个平谱射电类星体)的完备样品,研究了该样品各观测量之间的相互关系以及各观测量和红移之间的关系,并讨论了噪Blazar天体的一些性质.     

The obscuration by dust of most of the growth of supermassive black holes

Supermassive black holes underwent periods of exponential growth during which we see them as quasars in the distant Universe. The summed emission from these quasars generates the cosmic X-ray background, the spectrum of which has been used to argue that most black-hole growth is obscured. There are clear examples of obscured black-hole growth in the form of 'type-2' quasars, but their numbers are fewer than expected from modelling of the X-ray background. Here we report the direct detection of a population of distant type-2 quasars, which is at least comparable in size to the well-known unobscured type-1 population. We selected objects that have mid-infrared and radio emissions characteristic of quasars, but which are faint at near-infrared and optical wavelengths. We conclude that this population is responsible for most of the black-hole growth in the young Universe and that, throughout cosmic history, black-hole growth occurs in the dusty, gas-rich centres of active galaxies.     

大尺度天区上的类星体观测

评述了目前巡天观测技术的进展情况.讨论了类星体的成团性和红移极限,以及室女座星系团区内的最新观测结果.     

Discovery of a bright quasar without a massive host galaxy

A quasar is thought to be powered by the infall of matter onto a supermassive black hole at the centre of a massive galaxy. Because the optical luminosity of quasars exceeds that of their host galaxy, disentangling the two components can be difficult. This led in the 1990s to the controversial claim of the discovery of 'naked' quasars. Since then, the connection between quasars and galaxies has been well established. Here we report the discovery of a quasar lying at the edge of a gas cloud, whose size is comparable to that of a small galaxy, but whose spectrum shows no evidence for stars. The gas in the cloud is excited by the quasar itself. If a host galaxy is present, it is at least six times fainter than would normally be expected for such a bright quasar. The quasar is interacting dynamically with a neighbouring galaxy, whose gas might be feeding the black hole.     

A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085

The intergalactic medium was not completely reionized until approximately a billion years after the Big Bang, as revealed by observations of quasars with redshifts of less than 6.5. It has been difficult to probe to higher redshifts, however, because quasars have historically been identified in optical surveys, which are insensitive to sources at redshifts exceeding 6.5. Here we report observations of a quasar (ULAS?J112001.48+064124.3) at a redshift of 7.085, which is 0.77 billion years after the Big Bang. ULAS?J1120+0641 has a luminosity of 6.3 × 10(13)L(⊙) and hosts a black hole with a mass of 2 × 10(9)M(⊙) (where L(⊙) and M(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the Sun). The measured radius of the ionized near zone around ULAS?J1120+0641 is 1.9?megaparsecs, a factor of three smaller than is typical for quasars at redshifts between 6.0 and 6.4. The near-zone transmission profile is consistent with a Lyα damping wing, suggesting that the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium in front of ULAS?J1120+0641 exceeded 0.1.     

Interstellar scintillation as the origin of the rapid radio variability of the quasar J1819+3845.

The liberation of gravitational energy as matter falls onto a supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy is believed to explain the high luminosity of quasars. The variability of this emission from quasars and other types of active galactic nuclei can provide information on the size of the emitting regions and the physical process of fuelling the black hole. Some active galactic nuclei are variable at optical (and shorter) wavelengths, and display radio outbursts over years and decades. These active galactic nuclei often also show faster intraday variability at radio wavelengths. The origin of this rapid variability has been extensively debated, but a correlation between optical and radio variations in some sources suggests that both are intrinsic. This would, however, require radiation brightness temperatures that seem physically implausible, leading to the suggestion that the rapid variations are caused by scattering of the emission by the interstellar medium inside our Galaxy. Here we show that the rapid variations in the extreme case of quasar J1819+3845 (ref. 10) indeed arise from interstellar scintillation. The transverse velocity of the scattering material reveals the presence of plasma with a surprisingly high velocity close to the Solar System.     

Strong magnetic fields in normal galaxies at high redshift

The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (and hence ancient) quasars are comparable to those seen today, but it was unclear whether the high fields were in the unusual environments of the quasars themselves or distributed along the lines of sight. Here we report high-resolution spectra that demonstrate that the quasars with strong Mg II absorption lines are unambiguously associated with larger rotation measures. Because Mg ii absorption occurs in the haloes of normal galaxies along the sightlines to the quasars, this association requires that organized fields of surprisingly high strengths are associated with normal galaxies when the Universe was only about one-third of its present age.     

A large neutral fraction of cosmic hydrogen a billion years after the Big Bang

The fraction of ionized hydrogen left over from the Big Bang provides evidence for the time of formation of the first stars and quasar black holes in the early Universe; such objects provide the high-energy photons necessary to ionize hydrogen. Spectra of the two most distant known quasars show nearly complete absorption of photons with wavelengths shorter than the Lyman alpha transition of neutral hydrogen, indicating that hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) had not been completely ionized at a redshift of z approximately 6.3, about one billion years after the Big Bang. Here we show that the IGM surrounding these quasars had a neutral hydrogen fraction of tens of per cent before the quasar activity started, much higher than the previous lower limits of approximately 0.1 per cent. Our results, when combined with the recent inference of a large cumulative optical depth to electron scattering after cosmological recombination therefore suggest the presence of a second peak in the mean ionization history of the Universe.     

Sb掺SnO2的光电性质研究

基于密度泛函理论,我们研究了掺杂浓度为12.5%时Sb掺杂SnO₂的电子结构和光学性质,包括能带结构、态密度、介电函数和光学吸收谱。掺杂后的SnO₂材料的导电性得到了明显的增强,具有了半金属的性质;费米能级处能带细化,介电常数和光学吸收谱具有对应关系,光学吸收谱峰值发生了蓝移。     

自引力均分吸积盘的不稳定性

采用微扰方法导了磁粘滞情况下自引力均分薄吸积盘的色散方程研究了吸积秀斩不稳定性，并分析了自引力，磁场，粘滞对吸积盘不稳定性的影响，数值计算表明，在同时考虑自引力和磁场时，吸积盘存在着３种振荡模式（总是稳定的粘滞横模式和通常不稳定的磁声模式及中性模式）这些结果为解释ＢＬ．Ｌａｃ天体，Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ星系，类星体等活动星系核的光变现象提供了理论依据。