可逆上三角矩阵群的交换自同构

设G是群,φ:G→G为自同构.若对任意的x∈G,有φ(x)x=xφ(x),则称φ为G上的交换自同构.设Tn是域F上所有n×n阶可逆上三角矩阵全体按矩阵乘法构成的群,n≥3,F*为F中非零元全体组成的乘法群.证明了映射φ:Tn→Tn为Tn的交换自同构当且仅当存在群同态σi:F*→F*,1≤i≤n,使得φ(A)=(∏ni=1σi(aii))A,对A=(aij)n×n∈Tn,并且对任意的k=1,2,…,n,以及任意的a∈Imσk,方程xσ1(x)σ2(x)…σn(x)=a在F*中存在唯一解.     

可逆上三角矩阵上的加性映射

设Tn(K)为域K上的n×n上三角矩阵环.证明了当K2时,映射f:Tn(K)→Tn(K)是加性的当且仅当对任意可逆矩阵A,B∈Tn(K),都有f(A+B)=f(A)+f(B),并给出了当K=2时该结论不成立的反例.     

连通交换环上的上三角矩阵代数保持矩阵逆的模自同构

设R是有单位元1的连通交换环(R中除0和1外无其它幂等元),f是R上n阶上三角矩阵模Tn(R)到Tn(R)上的模自同构,如果对于任意的可逆矩阵A∈Tn(R),都有f(A)可逆,且满足(f(A))-1=f(A-1),则称f是保矩阵逆的模自同构.本文刻画了Tn(R)上保持矩阵逆的模同构.     

保持矩阵Frobenius范数的乘法映射

设Γn是满足{aEij|i,j=1,2,…,n,a∈R}(∪)Γn(∪)Mn(R)的一个乘法半群,其中Mn(R)定义R上所有n×n矩阵组成的乘法半群,证明了若f : Γn→Mn(R)是一个保Frobenius范数映射,则存在正交阵U∈Mn(R),使得U'f(A)=U-1f(A)U=A,(A)A∈Γn.     

保持矩阵迹的反乘法映射

设P是一个域,Г是满足{aEij︱i,j=2,…,n,a∈P}ГMn(P)的一个乘法半群,其中Mn(P)定义P上所有n×n矩阵组成的乘法半群。本文证明了一个结果:若f:Г→Mn(P)是一个保迹反乘法映射,则存在可逆矩阵S∈Mn(P),使得f(A)=SATS-1,A∈Г。由此刻画了Г的保迹反乘法映射。     

标准基解矩阵的通项公式

1 概念与引理设M_n(F)代表数域F上的全体n阶方阵的集合。引理1 任意 A∈M_k(F),则A必定满足一个r阶常系数线性齐次差分方程。 f(n)=a_1f(n-1)+a_2f(n-2)+……+a_(r-1)f(n-r+1)+a_rf(n-r)(1)其中 1≤r≤k,f(i)=A~i,且A的n次方幂的通项公式为:     

某些矩阵方程

设f(x)为任意域F上n级矩阵A的可分和不可约的特征多项式.对于给定的g(x)∈F|x|,我们给出g(B)=A有解B∈Mn(F)充分必要条件为存在v∈F(u)(F的扩域)使得f(u)=0且f(g(v))=0.进一步,我们给出了有关多项式g(x)=:x2 ax b,x3 ax2 bx c,xm-a和xq-x a(q为F的特征)的上矩阵方程有解的等价条件.     

三角矩阵空间强保持秩可交换的加法满射

F是-个特征不为2的域,Tn(F)表示F上n×n三角矩阵代数,刻画了Tn(F)到自身满足rank(A1A2…Ak)=rank(Aτ(1)Aτ(2)…Aτ(k))当且仅当rank(h(A1)h(A2)…h(Ak))=rnk(h(Aτ(1))h(Aτ(2))…h(ATτ(k)))的加法映射形式,其中τ∈Sk,Sk是k元对称群.     

二元域上矩阵空间之间的线性秩保持

设F2是二元域,n是整数,n≥2.Mn(F2)记F2上的n×n矩阵空间,Sn(F2)记F2上的n×n对称矩阵空间.若线性算子f∶Sn(F2)→Mn(F2)满足rankf(X)=rankX对所有的X∈Sn(F2)成立,则称f是从Sn(F2)到Mn(F2)的线性秩保持.证明了f是从Sn(F2)到Mn(F2)的线性秩保持的充要条件是存在非奇异的U,V∈Mn(F2)满足f∶A→UAV.     

一般线性李代数的抛物子代数上保李积的非线性可逆映射

设F是特征为零的域,gl(n,F)为域F上的一般线性李代数,Tn为域F上全体n×n阶上三角矩阵李代数,称gl(n,F)中包含Tn的所有子代数为gl(n,F)的抛物子代数.决定出gl(n,F)上的任意标准抛物子代数P的形式,证明了任意抛物子代数P上的映射φ是保李积的非线性可逆映射当且仅当存在可逆矩阵T∈P,映射x:P→F...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with