精子介导法生产转基因动物研究进展

精子介导基因转移是利用动物精子具有自发结合和内化转运外源DNA能力的特点,并使其在受精时导入卵母细胞,获得转基因动物.该方法 具有操作简单、高效和适用等特点,但影响精子转染外源基因效率的因素很多,其中包括外源DNA、精子及转染方法 等.     

精子载体法转基因动物研究进展

精子作为基因的载体制作转基因动物,以其简单、高效和广泛适用等特点而吸引众多的研究小组在不同水平上进行研究。本就四个方面：不同种动物精子与ＤＮＡ结合的研究;精子与ＤＮＡ结合的调控机制;与精子结合的ＤＮＡ的定位及去向;利用精子载体法制作转基因动物的研究,对他们的研究加以系统综述。     

精子介导的报道基因在转基因泥鳅胚胎中的表达

以含ｌａｃＺ基因的质粒ｐＣＨ１１０为外源ＤＮＡ,采用外源ＤＮＡ和精子在保存液里混合保温处理,再进行精,卵的体外受精的方法,观测了精子介导的报道基因在转基因泥鳅胚胎中的表达,４次重复实验均获得了较稳定的实验结果。有９．６％的个体呈现了。ｌａｃＺ基因表达的阳性,对有关实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

转基因动物研究概述

本文主要对转基因动物的研究进展及其常用的各种转基因方法、转基因动物的应用和研究前景进行概述，分析了当前制约转基因动物发展的主要因素，而加强相关基础理论的研究和克服转基因技术的瓶颈将会大大加快转基因动物发展的步伐。     

转基因动物及其应用

转基因动物技术是近十余年发展起来的，它为生命科学研究从微观的分子水平到宏观个体水平的联系提供了一套有用的工具和模型，在基本理论和实际应用研究上都很有价值，本文介绍了转基因动物的基本概念，基本制备方法以及比技术在诸多方面的应用。     

外源基因在转基因动物乳腺中的特异性表达研究

动物基因工程研究最大的突破就是转基因动物研究的进展,自八十年代初第一批转基因小鼠问世以来,转基因动物的研究已从方法学研究步入了应用性研究阶段,转基因动物除作为研究工具广泛应用于发育生物学、免疫学、遗传学以及医学等生命科学领域外,外源基因在转基因动物的特异性表达,尤其是在乳腺的表达,又可将转基因用作生物反应器进行了生物活性蛋白的生产而于商业生产,在转基因动物乳腺的特异性表达研究中,寻找乳蛋白基因调控     

转基因动物研究进展

本文主要介绍转基因动物研究的制作方法，应用领域，存在的技术问题及应用前景。     

以精子载体法制备转基因小鼠的初步研究

将外源融合基因BaLA-HI与DOSPER脂质体等比较混合,加入获能精子悬液中,37度,5％CO2共培养0．5h,以这种处理精子作为转基因载体乾鼠的体外受精及胚胎移植,在获得的40只移植后代后,经PCR特异片段扩增和Southern杂交,共检测出2只呈相性的转基因小鼠,证明人胰 基因已在小鼠染色体上实现了整合,基因整合率为5％。     

转基因动物的应用与展望

转基因动物是生物工程中一个新兴领域．它在基因表达与调控的基础理论研究、贵重药物生产、建立人类疾病模型动物、生产供人类移植用器官、培育家畜新品种等多方面得到应用，并显示出极优越的应用前景。     

山羊精子电穿孔转染外源DNA影响因素及最适条件的研究

本文以山羊精子为材料用电穿孔导入法转染外源基因,为生产转基因山羊奠定基础。用血细胞计数器在显微镜下记数死亡精子数检测精子活力,并用原位杂交实验检测电击精子消化前、后阳性率,以探讨山羊精子电穿孔转染外源DNA的方法及影响因素,摸索并优化电穿孔转染程序和条件。结果显示:电穿孔导入法可用于山羊精子介导转染外源DNA;电场强度、电击时间和电击次数同时影响精子活力,其中电击时间显著影响外源DNA的内化转运(P<0.05),山羊精子最适电穿孔条件为400V、200μs、电击1次,该条件下电击后精子活力和消化前、后阳性率分别为0.45和27.6%、22.5%;最适电穿孔条件下电击洗涤精子比未洗涤精子的消化后阳性率提高14%(P<0.01),将洗涤精子与外源DNA共孵育后再电击比不孵育处理组的消化后阳性率提高5.8%(P>0.05);电穿孔处理消化后阳性率在个体间无显著差异,且电击转染的精子被内化转运到精细胞内的外源DNA分布不规则。结果表明,山羊精子电穿孔转染外源DNA的最适转染条件为对精子充分离心洗涤并与外源DNA共孵育后,在400V/200μs条件下电击1次。     

Production of transgenic calves by somatic cellnuclear transfer

Bovine fetal oviduct epithelial cells were transfected with constructed double marker selective vector(pCE-EGFP-IRES-Neo-dNdB) containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin-resistant(Neo^r) genes by electroporation, and a transgenic cell line was obtained. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was cartied out using the transgenic cells as nuclei donor. A total of 424 SCNT embryos were reconstructed and 208 (49.1%) of them developed to blastocyst stage. 17 blastocysts on D 7 after reconstruction were transferred to 17 surrogate calves,and 5 (29.4%) recipients were found to be pregnant. Three of them maintained to term and delivered three cloned calves.PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of transgene in all of the three cloned calves. In addition, expression of EGFP was detected in biopsy isolated from the transgenic cloned calves and fibroblasts derived from the biopsy. Our results suggest that transgenic calves could be efficiently produced by SCNT using transgenic cells as nuclei donor. Furthermore, all cloned animals could be ensured to be transgenic by efficiently pre-screening transgenic cells and SCNT embryos using the constructed double marker selective vector.     

转基因小麦环境释放中基因漂移研究

基因漂移供体是转基因小麦，受体有转基因小麦的非转基因分离体、受体对照品系和地方小麦品种，以外源uidA基因表达作为基因漂移的分子标记，在供体开花期间，距供体5个不同距离上收集花粉，约80％的花粉分布在距供体中心15m以内，距离35m处只检测到约6％的花粉，在11个检测样点检测受体和供体间杂交率，供体与分离体混种同一小区时，基因漂移频率较高(1．08％)；与其受体对照播种于相邻小区(相距约0．5m)时，基因漂移频率居中(0．63％)；地方品种距供体边缘0．5～2．5m处，频率较低(0．25％)；3m以外没有检测到基因漂移，认为转基因小麦基因漂移距离应在3m以内。     

Green fluorescent protein （GFP） transsenic pig produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer is a very promising route for producing transgenic farm animals. Research on GFP transgenic pigs can provide useful information for breeding transgenic pigs, human disease models and human organ xenotransplantation. In this study, a liposomal transfecUon system was screened and transgenic embryos were reconstructed by nuclear transfer of GFP positive cells into enucleated in vitro matured oocytes. The development of reconstructed embryos both in vitro and in vivo was observed, and GFP expression was determined. The results showed that porcine fe- tal-derived fibroblast cells cultured with 4.0 μL/mL liposome and 1.6 μg/mL plasmid DNA for 6 h resulted in the highest transfecUon rate （3.6%）. The percentage of GFP reconstructed embryos that de- veloped in vitro to the blastocyst stage was 10%. Of those the GFP positive percentage was 48%. Reconstructed transgenic embryos were transferred to 10 recipients. 5 of them were pregnant, and 3 delivered 6 cloned piglets in which 4 piglets were transgenic for the GFP as verified by both GFP protein expression and GFP DNA sequence analysis. The percentage of reconstructed embryos that resulted in cloned piglets was 1.0%; while the percentage of piglets that were transgenic was 0.7%. This is the first group of transgenic cloned pigs born in China, marking a great progress in Chinese transgenic cloned pig research.     

动物基因图谱的研究现状及其应用

随着人类基因组测序的完成，近年来，动物基因组计划也取得了巨大进展．目前已有猪、牛、羊、马、鹿、鸡等动物绘制了较完善的遗传图谱。这些图谱的建立对了解动物整个基因组结构和对家畜中与重要经济性状相关的基因或遗传标记的鉴定及对家畜开展分子标记辅助选择均十分重要，该文从国内外构建动物基因图谱的方法、研究现状及发展趋势等方面对动物基因图谱的研究作了简要阐述；并探讨了其在基因定位、遗传分析、分子标记辅助选择和研究动物染色体行为等方面的应用。     

绿色荧光蛋白基因转化大岩桐的研究

利用农杆菌介导法 ,用含有绿色荧光蛋白基因的二元双价表达载体pBINm -gfp5 -ER转化大岩桐 ,并得到卡那霉素 (Kanamycin ,Kan)抗性再生植株 .对其进行初步PCR检测 ,结果表明 ,K2 0 0 (含Kan 2 0 0mg/L)培养基上的绿苗中有 3株PCR结果呈阳性 .对PCR阳性的植株进行了点杂交分析 ,均表现出较强的杂交信号 ,这说明外源基因已整合转入到大岩桐基因组中 .在荧光显微镜下观察转基因大岩桐 ,发现部分花、叶细胞均发出一定强度的绿色荧光     

Foreign gene transfer into Chinese shrimps (Penaeus chinensis) with gene gun

Plasmids pG DNA-RZ1 with a GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter gene and a ribozyme gene incising penaeid white spot baculovirus (WSBV) were first introduced into the fertilized eggs of Chinese shrimps by gene gun. The treated and control samples of different development stages were observed with a fluorescent microscope. The transient expression of GFP gene was high in nauplius and zoea larvae. Results from RT-PCR and PCR for adults showed that the foreign genes had been transferred into the shrimps and had expressed the corresponding proteins. This work has established a transgenic method for penaeid shrimps, which will set base for the application of genetic engineering breeding into industry.     

两个杂交组合中转基因小麦外源1Dx5基因的遗传

利用杂交组合川89-107×B72-8-11b和绵阳26×B72-8-11b的亲本、F1、F2代,研究转基因小麦B72-8-11b中外源品质基因1Dx5表达的遗传.结果表明:外源1Dx5基因在F1代中呈现显性,在F2代中呈现3(有):1(无)的分离,有功能拷贝整合在1个位点,遵从孟德尔遗传模式,这对杂交育种选择策略的制订具有指导意义.