嵌入式系统概述及其在综合信息终端中的应用及前景

本文简要介绍了嵌入式系统的基本技术及其发展历史 ,并就其技术特点以及相关产品特性 ,深入地阐述了其在综合信息终端开发中的应用现状、优势 ,及其发展前景     

Neuronal properties underlying processing of visual information in the barnacle.

Generation of a transient, amplified response to the dimming of light in the visual system of the barnacle involves two synaptic stages. It is accomplished primarily by decrementally conducting neurones that are similar to bipolar cells of the vertebrate retina.     

流行色特性分析与流行色信息系统应用探讨

从信息系统的角度,探讨了流行色的特性及应用中的各种影响因素.鉴于流行色的动态性及关联性,以服装为例分析了建立流行色信息系统对服装行业的影响及作用,提出只有建立一个机制健全的动态系统,才能使色彩更准确、更有效地应用,进而为企业求得最大的经济效益.     

Global and fine information coded by single neurons in the temporal visual cortex.

When we see a person's face, we can easily recognize their species, individual identity and emotional state. How does the brain represent such complex information? A substantial number of neurons in the macaque temporal cortex respond to faces. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the processing of complex information are not yet clear. Here we recorded the activity of single neurons in the temporal cortex of macaque monkeys while presenting visual stimuli consisting of geometric shapes, and monkey and human faces with various expressions. Information theory was used to investigate how well the neuronal responses could categorize the stimuli. We found that single neurons conveyed two different scales of facial information in their firing patterns, starting at different latencies. Global information, categorizing stimuli as monkey faces, human faces or shapes, was conveyed in the earliest part of the responses. Fine information about identity or expression was conveyed later, beginning on average 51 ms after global information. We speculate that global information could be used as a 'header' to prepare destination areas for receiving more detailed information.     

Adaptive coding of visual information in neural populations

Our perception of the environment relies on the capacity of neural networks to adapt rapidly to changes in incoming stimuli. It is increasingly being realized that the neural code is adaptive, that is, sensory neurons change their responses and selectivity in a dynamic manner to match the changes in input stimuli. Understanding how rapid exposure, or adaptation, to a stimulus of fixed structure changes information processing by cortical networks is essential for understanding the relationship between sensory coding and behaviour. Physiological investigations of adaptation have contributed greatly to our understanding of how individual sensory neurons change their responses to influence stimulus coding, yet whether and how adaptation affects information coding in neural populations is unknown. Here we examine how brief adaptation (on the timescale of visual fixation) influences the structure of interneuronal correlations and the accuracy of population coding in the macaque (Macaca mulatta) primary visual cortex (V1). We find that brief adaptation to a stimulus of fixed structure reorganizes the distribution of correlations across the entire network by selectively reducing their mean and variability. The post-adaptation changes in neuronal correlations are associated with specific, stimulus-dependent changes in the efficiency of the population code, and are consistent with changes in perceptual performance after adaptation. Our results have implications beyond the predictions of current theories of sensory coding, suggesting that brief adaptation improves the accuracy of population coding to optimize neuronal performance during natural viewing.     

初级视觉信息处理机理与多分辨分析

详细阐述了初级视觉信息处理的生理过程,并将其信息处理机制与多分辨分析方法对应起来,提出了基于小波的计算机初级视觉信息处理机制.     

Adaptive filtering enhances information transmission in visual cortex

Sensory neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain encodes natural environments. However, neural coding has largely been studied using simplified stimuli. In order to assess whether the brain's coding strategy depends on the stimulus ensemble, we apply a new information-theoretic method that allows unbiased calculation of neural filters (receptive fields) from responses to natural scenes or other complex signals with strong multipoint correlations. In the cat primary visual cortex we compare responses to natural inputs with those to noise inputs matched for luminance and contrast. We find that neural filters adaptively change with the input ensemble so as to increase the information carried by the neural response about the filtered stimulus. Adaptation affects the spatial frequency composition of the filter, enhancing sensitivity to under-represented frequencies in agreement with optimal encoding arguments. Adaptation occurs over 40 s to many minutes, longer than most previously reported forms of adaptation.     

Content-based hierarchical analysis of news video using audio and visual information

A schema for content-based analysis of broadcast news video is presented. First, we separate commercials from news using audiovisual features. Then, we automatically organize news programs into a content hierarchy at various levels of abstraction via effective integration of video, audio, and text data available from the news programs. Based on these news video structure and content analysis technologies, a TV news video Library is generated, from which users can retrieve definite news story according to their demands. Foundation item: Supported by the Science Item of National Power Company (No. SPKJ 016-071) Biography: Yu Jun-qing (1975-), male, Ph. D candidate, research interests: scientific visualization and video database.     

MapInfo中信息可视化技术在工程勘察中的应用

针对常规的工程勘察制图软件在实际应用中的灵活性与所能包含的信息量方面存在缺陷的问题。将MapInfo中的信息可视化技术引入到工程勘察的信息处理中。不仅能实现对空间和属性数据进行管理,而且能以可视化的图表、地图及相关曲线显示数据。通过对信息可视化技术的需求分析。提出了信息可视化的实现途径。通过运用MapInfo的OLE(Object Linding and Embedding)Automation技术实现了H市工程勘察信息系统资料的可视化,克服了常规软件的局限性。同时,还为工程勘察资料的整理提供了新的方法。     

运动视觉中时间知觉信息源的研究

概述了运动视觉中的时间知觉线索及视觉“ｔａｕ”的概念．从理论角度探讨了ＴＴＣ知觉中ｔａｕｍａｒｇｉｎ的数学来源，以及沿视轴和偏离视轴不同条件下ｔａｕｍａｒｇｉｎ的确定方法．对时间知觉信息源研究结果的分析，表明了ｔａｕ型视觉变量在ＴＴＣ知觉中起着重要作用，视觉流域中的数学模型可以有效地解释观察者和运动物体的交互作用及ＴＴＣ知觉的过程．     

Effects of sleep and arousal on the processing of visual information in the cat

Single units in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex show changes in both spontaneous and visually evoked firing as a function of the state of wakefulness. On arousal spontaneous firing is smoother and often reduced, whereas evoked responses are usually enhanced; the result is an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. Single- and double-label 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographs show further that slow-wave sleep differentially depresses visually evoked activity in the deeper layers of the visual cortex.     

参与者人数为9的一类连通超图存取结构的信息率

基于存取结构与连通超图之间的关系,给出了顶点数为9,秩为3,超边数为4和5的一共226种不同构的连通超图存取结构,进而估算了它们的最优信息率。本文首先证明了具有4条超边的一类超星可以用理想的秘密共享方案来实现,并证明了满足一定条件的顶点数为n(5≤n≤11),超边数为5且秩为3的连通超图其最优信息率的下界为2/3。运用超图的相关理论对其中的16种超图存取结构最优信息率的精确值进行了计算,对余下的210种超图存取结构进行了分类,并估算了这些超图存取结构最优信息率的界。     

Creating Autonomous, Perceptive and Intelligent Virtual Humans in a Real-Time Virtual Environment

Creating realistic virtual humans has been a challenging objective in computer science research for some time. This paper describes an integrated framework for modeling virtual humans with a high level of autonomy. The framework seeks to reproduce human-like believable behavior and movement in virtual humans in a virtual environment. The framework includes a visual and auditory information perception module, a decision network based behavior decision module, and a hierarchical autonomous motion control module. These cooperate to model realistic autonomous individual behavior for virtual humans in real-time interactive virtual environments. The framework was tested in a simulated virtual environment system to demonstrate the ability of the framework to create autonomous, perceptive and intelligent virtual humans in real-time virtual environments.     

Real and optimal neural images in early vision.

It has been suggested that the first steps in visual processing strive to compress as much information as possible about the outside world into the limited dynamic range of the visual channels. Here I compare measured neural images with theoretical calculations based on maximizing information, taking into account the statistical structure of natural images. Neural images were obtained by scanning an image while recording from a second-order neuron in the fly visual system. Over a 5.5-log-units-wide range of mean intensities, experiment and theory correspond well. At high mean intensities, redundancy in the image is reduced by spatial and temporal antagonism. At low mean intensities, spatial and temporal low-pass filtering combat noise and increase signal reliability.     

油田区域网无线综合测控系统软件模块的设计

为了提高油田现代化管理水平,设计油田无线网综合测控系统.该系统由采油场监控中心、无线遥测遥控主机组成.无线系统采用nRF9E5集成模块,内置单片机、无线收发模块、A/D转换模块.监控中心的控制管理计算机通过串口与nRF9E5模块连接.介绍一种收发器通过MCU的SPI口与微控制器进行数据传送的方法.     

中小学课程整合中发展性评价探究

评价是一种价值判断活动,教育评价就是对教育活动的价值判断.在现行教育过程中,教育评价一直起着指挥棒的作用.首先介绍了新课程倡导的发展性评价的基本内涵,接着从评价的概念、特征、原则、条件四个方面分别介绍了学生发展性评价和教师发展性评价,最后重点总结了学生发展性评价和教师发展性评价在课程整合中的实施方法,并通过实践将总结出的评价方法应用到具体的案例中并取得了较好的实用效果.     

对东西方文化在服装设计中应用的探讨

本论文着重分析东西方文化的差异及在当今服装设计中应用的情况,从理论上阐述了这种差异在当今服装设计中的应用,指出我国服装设计界存在的一些不足,并对其加以探讨.     

Preserved figure-ground segregation and symmetry perception in visual neglect.

A central controversy in current research on visual attention is whether figures are segregated from their background preattentively, or whether attention is first directed to unstructured regions of the image. Here we present neurological evidence for the former view from studies of a brain-injured patient with visual neglect. His attentional impairment arises after normal segmentation of the image into figures and background has taken place. Our results indicate that information which is neglected and unavailable to higher levels of visual processing can nevertheless be processed by earlier stages in the visual system concerned with segmentation.     

Subtractive and divisive adaptation in the human visual system.

Sensory systems can adapt to the conditions imposed on them. In the visual system, adapting to a pattern increases the threshold of the ability to see that pattern, and reduces the perceived contrast of the pattern above threshold. Most neurons of the striate cortex reduce their responsiveness after being stimulated for some time by a high-contrast pattern. Such an effect may lie behind these psychophysical adaptation phenomena. These adaptation effects have been reported to be confined to patterns of similar orientation, which is understandable in that the visual neurons that adapt are only excited by a small range of orientations. Neurophysiological evidence suggests that neurons with different orientation preferences have inhibitory interconnections. It is therefore of interest to explore the possible effects of these connections on perception. Here we show that adapting to a horizontal pattern can reduce the perceived contrast of a vertical test pattern more than a horizontal test pattern. These 'cross-orientation' effects are modelled by a division-like process, whereas the more normal 'similar-orientation' effects are modelled by a subtractive process.