激光视觉机器人焊接中摄像机和手眼的同时标定

摄像机和机器人手眼标定是视觉机器人应用中的重要问题.文中针对激光视觉机器人焊接的具体应用系统,提出了一种同时标定摄像机和机器人手眼的方法.该方法依据机器人手眼矩阵和机器人手爪对基坐标系位姿矩阵之间的特定关系,进行一次标定实验而同时求解出摄像机参数和机器人手眼关系矩阵.此方法简单、实用、快捷,避免了传统方法复杂的实验和解答过程.计算结果表明,标定精度能满足机器人焊缝跟踪的应用要求.     

激光视觉机器人焊接中同时标定摄像机和手眼关系的方法

摄像机和机器人手眼标定是视觉机器人应用中的重要组成部分。针对激光视觉机器人焊接,根据机器人手眼矩阵和机器人末端对基坐标系的位姿矩阵的特定关系,提出了一种同时标定摄像机和机器人手眼的方法。用所设计的标定物对此方法进行标定试验,由非线性最小二乘优化法求解待标定的参数。从焊缝上取20个样点,利用标定结果恢复其三维空间坐标,并与实际三维坐标对比,平均误差为0.12mm,满足焊缝跟踪要求。     

非线性最优机器人手眼标定

提出一种基于最大似然估计的非线性最优手眼标定算法,并采用该方法对机器人进行了手眼标定.由于机器人系统的运动学正解及相机的外参数推定都包含误差,因此不能满足手眼标定矩阵方程,从而导致现有机器人手眼标定算法对观测噪声较为敏感.新算法根据包含噪声的测量值来估计它们的真值,使得测量真值满足手眼标定方程,并且在欧拉刚性变换矩阵空间中可使真值和对应的测量值的距离最小.通过数值仿真和真实机器人手眼标定实验,将新算法与现有2种经典的手眼标定算法进行了比较,结果表明,新算法在估计误差、对位姿变换次数的敏感度和稳定性方面均优于经典算法.     

航天机器人手眼视觉模拟系统初步设计

介绍了国外航天机器人手眼视觉系统的构成及原理,给出了在地面模拟实验系统中基于PC机和图像采集卡的机器人手眼视觉系统的初步设计方案,包括硬件设计和软件设计等;对手眼视觉系统中的一些关键技术进行了初步的研究,包括摄像机标定及3D目标物体的位置和姿态测量。实验表明,上述算法满足机器人手眼视觉测量要求,为以后的实际应用打下了基础。     

飞机导管机器人焊接手眼关系标定

摘要： 针对目前国内航空飞机导管焊接主要采用手工钨极氩弧焊的现状,提出了导管数字化焊接思路,对该系统中涉及的机器人手眼关系标定进行了研究.通过在META焊缝跟踪传感器安装距离处建立摄像机坐标系,利用一台三坐标仪完成了机器人的手眼关系标定.结果表明：此标定方法精度为±0.4 mm,满足飞机导管数字化焊接的要求.     

基于主动视觉的结构光手眼系统自标定方法

为实现结构光手眼系统的标定,提出一种基于主动视觉的结构光手眼系统自标定技术。该标定技术无需使用特制靶标,只需场景中三个特征点,通过控制机器人进行四次线性无关的平移运动和两次带旋转运动,即可实现结构光手眼系统的标定。四次非线性相关的平移运动标定摄像机内参数和手眼矩阵旋转部分,两次带旋转标定手眼矩阵的平移部分,两次带旋转运动中提取的两激光条,结合特征点所在平面信息,标定光平面方程。实验结果表明,三维数据测量精度可达到±1.32mm,平面特征点间的长度测量误差为±0.73 mm;该标定方法简单,特征选取容易,对结构光手眼系统的实际工业现场使用有重要意义。     

结合精度补偿的机器人优化手眼标定方法

为了解决制造现场机器人高精度视觉测量定位的问题提出了一种结合模型精度补偿的机器人方位与手眼关系同步标定方法。该方法首先将视觉系统与机器人之间的位姿关系即手眼关系以及标定板与机器人坐标系的空间转换关系作为待优化求解对象,用齐次坐标矩阵分别表示机器人运动学正解以及视觉系统与标定板之间的位姿关系,进而构建闭环的机器人手眼关系优化方程;然后,使用三维旋转群表示旋转矩阵,建立了标定模型方程,用非线性全局优化的方式同步得到标定方程中矩阵的旋转和平移初始解,采用最小化相机的重投影误差提高了标定精度;最后,使用机器人运动学标定设备提升了本体的模型精度,再进行视觉标定得到了更准确的标定结果。实验结果表明:该标定方法只需提前示教若干点即可自动完成,操作简易高效;在补偿了机器人本体的臂长和关节零位误差后,算法精度从0.15mm提升至0.10mm。与经典的手眼标定方法相比,所提方法在不同测试数据集下的标定精度和稳定性均最优。     

老年服务机器人视觉定位方法研究

提出一种视觉定位方法对影响老年服务机器人的视觉定位精度的摄像机标定、手眼系统标定以及三维重建3个部分进行优化.首先对多幅标定图像的结果进行最小二乘处理,剔除大权重的误差样本以减小标定的统计误差;通过建立过渡空间坐标系的方法来对手眼系统进行标定,减少多次计算转移矩阵所造成的累积误差;利用最小二乘拟合精确确定目标的匹配点,...     

基于机器人运动模式的手眼标定初值估计法

针对目前机器人手眼标定的方法大多需要求解手眼标定的基本方程,提出了一种新的用于机器人手眼标定中初值估计的方法．该方法在非线性优化过程中需要对初值进行估计,不同的初值可得到不同的结果,传统技术主要通过经验选取初值．本文利用机器人自身的运动模式,直接确定初值,大大减小了经验选择给结果带来的偏差．与经验选择初值的方法进行对比,结果表明,本方法得到了明显的改善。     

基于OpenCV的挖掘机器人摄像机参数标定

为了建立挖掘机器人视觉系统摄像机测量模型,提高视觉测量精度,分析了挖掘机器人摄像机视觉系统内、外参数成像模型及摄像机非线性畸变参数,确定了适合挖掘机器人视觉系统的标定参数。通过采集自制的棋盘标定模板不同方向的七幅图像,基于OpenCV技术实现了对模板角点的提取。通过七幅图像进行标定实验,实验结果获得了摄像机模型的线性内部参数矩阵,标定出了摄像机非线性模型的径向畸变系数,摄像机外部旋转矩阵及平移向量,并给出了标定参数误差。研究结论表明采用角点提取方法,标定误差可达亚像素级,能够满足挖掘机器人视觉系统的标定及视觉测量精度要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that