Acid-base equilibrium in the blood of sheep

Summary The acid-base equilibrium in the blood of sheep is different from that of human blood mainly because of a lower concentration of 2,3-DPG. A nomogram relating pH, pCO₂, total CO₂ content and base excess has been developed.     

Acid-base equilibrium in the heart-lung preparation

Résumé Etude de l'équilibre acide-basique de la préparation cur-poumon de l'étourneau, réalisée avec la technique habituelle et les moyens de corriger les altérations constatées. La recherche des causes de ces altérations a permis de conclure que l'alcalose respiratoire est due à la ventilation dont on se sert habituellement, tandis que l'acidose métabolique est due à une production de métabolites acides déclanchés surtout par la saignée des animaux donneurs et par la glucolyse qui se produit à partir de l'extraction du sang et jusqu'au moment de son emploi dans la préparation.

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This work has been supported by a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.     

Biochemical polymorphism and the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the sheep red blood cells

Summary There was no significant difference in the level of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells of sheep of different haemoglobin types (Hb A and Hb B) or potassium types (HK and LK). However, low glutathione (GSH^L) sheep had significantly higher (p<0.01) level of 2,3-DPG in their red blood cells than high glutathione (GSH^H) sheep. There was also significant effect of interactions between glutathione, haemoglobin and potassium types (p<0.05) and glutathione and haemoglobin types (p<0.01) on red cell 2,3-DPG levels.     

Red blood cell glycolysis and potassium type in sheep

Summary Based on the observations made on human and dog red blood cells, it was recently proposed that the response of red cell glycolysis to variations in the levels of specific cations is an evolutionary adaptation in response to a specific cellular environment. We have now examined the effect of K⁺ and Na⁺ on the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) in the red blood cells from 2 genetically different types of sheep high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK). The results indicate that K⁺ stimulate glucose consumption and the activity of PK in both types of sheep. It thus appears that red cell PK from LK sheep does not fit into the concept of cellular environment and PK activity.This work was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the Clive and Vera Ramaciotti New South Wales Foundation and the Helena Rubenstein Foundation, Inc.     

The adaptive significance of blood potassium and hemoglobin types in sheep

Résumé On a effectué la numération globulaire et déterminé la concentration du potassium dans le sang de 2 races de moutons de l'Inde et dans celui des croisements de Corriedale et de Bikaneri. La prépondérance des types Hb B et HK indique que ce sont ces individus qui s'adaptent le mieux aux zones arides de l'Inde.     

Water intake in relation to blood potassium types in desert sheep

Zusammenfassung Schafe mit geringem K-Gehalt im Blut benötigen signifikant weniger Wasser als solche mit hohem K-Gehalt, sind also in wasserarmen Regionen besser angepasst.     

Acid-base homeostasis and the thyro-parathyroid glands]

Chronic metabolic acidosis entails hyperparathyroidism and osteopathy. In order to elucidate the role of the thyroparathyroids in this bone lesion production the effects of acidic diet for 7 weeks were studied in parathyroidectomized (PTX), thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and shamoperated (Sh-O) growing rats. In all animals urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, ammonium and titrable acidity was similarly increased. The rise in hydroxyproline excretion and urinary 85-sr (that was injected previous to acidic feeding) was more marked in PTX and TPTX rats. Moreover, in these animals the serum calcium level was increased, the blood pH was decreased. According to these data, an acidic diet intake that is not sufficient to elicit a fall in blood pH of normal young rats can induce severe acidosis in chronically parathyroidectomized or thyroparathyroidectomized animals; moreover the bone resorption appears more marked. It is concluded that parathyroids are involved in the extra-cellular fluid defense mechanism against acidosis by a no bone resorptive mechanism. We hypothesize that the parathyroids permit the necessary and adequate supply of bicarbonates by the bone to maintain blood pH homeostasis.     

Evidence of genetic control of blood potassium type in the marwari breed of sheep in India

Résumé Par le photomètre Flame la concentration du potassium dans le sang de 102 moutons marvaris (4 mâles, 49 femelles et leurs 49 descendants) a été mesuré. Sur ce nombre, 45 appartiennent au type HK (à forte concentration, moyenne 30,34 mEq/l — de 24,97 à 37,12) et 27 au type LK (à faible concentration, moyenne 9,72 mEq/l, — de 6,40 à 12,80). Le caractère HK est donc héréditaire récessif tandis que les individus de type LK sont peut-être homozygotes ou héterozygotes.     

Hairiness in wool in relation to blood potassium types in Marwari sheep

Zusammenfassung Schafe mit geringem Kaliumgehalt im Blut haben an mehreren Körperstellen weniger markhaltige Haare als Tiere mit höherem K-Gehalt.     

On the relationship between wool quality and the type and concentration of blood potassium in sheep

Résumé Dans le sang des moutons, la fréquence des gènes du type LK est en relation linéaire inversément proportionelle à l'épaisseur de la fibre de laine. Il en va de mÊme pour le degré de concentration du potassium. En se basant sur ces observations, les auteurs envisagent la possibilité d'améliorer la qualité de la laine ordinaire.     

Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the red blood cells of GSH-normal and GSH-deficient sheep

Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in the red blood cells of glutathione(GSH)-normal and GSH-deficient sheep. There were no significant differences in any of the 3 enzyme activities measured in the 2 groups of sheep. Also, there was no relationship between GSH level and the enzyme activity. These results suggest that inspite of large differences in GSH levels, the red blood cells from GSH-normal and GSH-deficient Merino sheep appear to have similar response to oxidative stress against which GSH is credited to play a major role.     

Capillary blood flow in sheep ovaries,measured by iodoantipyrine and microsphere techniques

Résumé La circulation capillaire du sang dans les ovaires des moutons a été mesurée en se servant des techniques d'iodoantipyrine radioactive et de microsphère (15±5 m diamètre). Pour les tissus non-lutéine, les estimations de circulation capillaire du sang obtenues par les deux méthodes furent similaires; pour les corpora lutea, les estimations obtenues avec les microsphères étaient, en moyenne, 7 fois plus grande que celles obtenues avec I'iodoantipyrine comme indicateur.     

Influences of the submaxillary gland of male mice on the immune response to sheep red blood cells

Summary Removal of the submaxillary gland (SMG) from male but not female mice caused a suppressed immune response to sheep red blood cells. Administration of a SMG saline extract from male mice to SMG-ectomized males restored the suppressed response to control levels. This suggests that the male mouse SMG contains a factor(s), possibly of an endocrine nature, capable of influencing cells involved in an immune response.