导入蓖麻毒蛋白的供体淋巴细胞在小鼠皮肤移植中产生…

以小鼠为研究对象进行皮肤移植，受体为ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠，供体为Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６鼠。用氯化钙介导蓖麻毒蛋白进入供体鼠的脾细胞制成毒细胞，适时地注入受体体内。带肝蓖麻毒蛋白的供体脾细胞，一方面可提供特异移植抗原使特异的Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞识别；另一方面，它被识别裂解后，释放蓖麻毒蛋白，又可杀 与其识别听Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞，使受体对供体移植物产生耐受。实验共设两组，在皮肤移植前后分别用包埋蓖麻毒蛋白的供体脾细胞处理，两     

Jagged1在树突状细胞介导淋巴细胞诱导皮肤移植免疫耐受中的作用

目的: 探讨Jagged1在树突状细胞(DC)介导淋巴细胞诱导同种异基因皮肤移植免疫耐受中的作用.方法: C57BL/6小鼠为供体,BALB/c小鼠为受体行皮肤移植术,受体小鼠分为对照组,Jagged1 DAPT处理组和Jagged1处理组.取供体小鼠淋巴细胞加入经rmIL-4和rmGM-CSF处理9 d的供体骨髓细胞中,当日和隔日分别加入Jagged1和DAPT.2 d后取淋巴细胞,于皮肤移植第0天、第2天和第4天,经尾静脉注入受体小鼠.观察皮肤移植物存活时间和移植物病理变化,并检测受体小鼠混合淋巴细胞反应和迟发型超敏反应.结果: Jagged1处理组的皮肤移植物平均存活83.6 d,显著长于其它各组(P<0.01); Jagged1处理组移植皮片内浸润的炎细胞数量明显减少;在混合淋巴细胞反应中,Jagged1处理组小鼠对供体小鼠呈现低反应性(P<0.01),而对第三方无关供体KM小鼠表现强烈的增殖反应,Jagged1处理组小鼠在迟发型超敏反应中也表现出显著的低反应性(P<0.01).结论: 输注Jagged1联合DC处理的淋巴细胞诱导受体获得供体抗原特异性的免疫耐受.     

大鼠口服免疫耐受与皮肤移植的研究

目的利用口服供者脾细胞延长受者大鼠皮肤存活时间,检测调节性T细胞在移植前后的变化,探讨口服免疫耐受的机制。方法以纯系SD大鼠为供者,纯系Wistar大鼠为受者,行异体皮肤移植,将24只受者大鼠随机分为A组（对照组,口服PBS）、B组（每日口服SD大鼠脾细胞1×10^7个）,C组（每日口服SD大鼠脾细胞5×10^7个）,对受体进行450Rad^60Co照射,然后检测受者外周血及脾脏CD4＋CD25＋、CD8＋CD28-调节性T细胞（Treg）,并对受者进行供者脾细胞导管灌胃,每次口服5×10^7个细胞,每日一次,7d后检查迟发型超敏反应（DTH）,并行皮肤移植,观察移植皮肤的存活时间,复查Treg两次。结果口服脾细胞后,DTH反应均出现明显的抗原特异性降低;C组的皮肤移植存活时间达到19．17d±1．94d,与前两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。在口服供体脾细胞延长皮肤移植存活大鼠（C组）的外周血及脾脏中CD8＋CD28-Treg均比口服前明显增高（P〈0．01）,并能维持2周以上。结论口服抗原可以引起受者对异基因抗原的特异性免疫反应降低,使受者的皮肤移植存活期延长,CD8＋CD28-Treg在口服免疫耐受的机制中发挥了重要作用。     

靶向树突状细胞的呼吸道合胞病毒F重组蛋白的构建与体外活性分析

分析以人呼吸道合胞病毒(Human respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)融合糖蛋白(fusion glycoprotein,F)为抗原靶向DEC205/CD205受体策略对重组F蛋白表达及活性的影响.F蛋白是RSV的重要中和抗原,克隆RSV F蛋白胞外区的编码基因至可识别鼠树突状细胞(Dendritic cells,DCs)DEC205受体的单链抗体(single chain antibody of anti-DEC205,scDEC)的C端,构建可表达重组F蛋白(scDECF)的质粒pVAX1/scDECF,Western blot方法检测scDECF的表达,免疫荧光法和流式细胞术检测表达的scDECF与DEC205受体的结合活性.经Western blot证实在pVAX1/scDECF转染的293T细胞成功表达了scDECF.将所获得的细胞培养上清与表达鼠DEC205受体的细胞CHOmDEC205孵育,用免疫荧光和流式细胞术证实:与作为对照的重组F蛋白scISOF相比,所获得的scDECF与CHOmDEC205细胞呈现明显的结合.本研究成功表达了重组蛋白scDECF,且所获得的重组蛋白scDECF具有与表达DEC205受体的细胞特异性结合的活性.     

噬菌体展示的白色念珠菌热休克蛋白90特异表位在小鼠体内诱发的免疫应答

将展示白色念珠菌热休克蛋白(HSP)90特异表位的杂合噬菌体作为抗原免疫C57BL/6J小鼠,以检测该抗原在小鼠体内诱发的体液免疫和细胞免疫.实验结果表明:抗原PA刺激机体产生了较强的抗白色念珠菌HSP90特异性抗体;脾CD4 T和CD8 T淋巴细胞出现率明显增高;脾细胞分泌IL-2的能力有增高趋势.此外,将免疫后的小鼠通过尾静脉进行系统性白色念珠菌感染,采用组织病理学方法观察了抗原对小鼠肾脏白色念珠菌寄居数量的影响,实验结果表明,抗原对系统性白色念珠菌感染具有明显的保护作用.     

异基因皮肤移植对小鼠胸腺细胞亚群的影响

目的观察同种异基因小鼠皮肤移植急性排斥对受体小鼠胸腺细胞亚群组成的影响。方法以BALB/c小鼠作为供体,C57BL/6为受体,建立小鼠同种异基因皮肤移植模型,于术后第7天拆线,第10天取胸腺,制备胸腺单细胞悬液,通过流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞各个亚群的比例。结果与对照组相比,同种异基因皮肤移植小鼠胸腺明显萎缩,胸腺细胞总数明显减少,胸腺细胞亚群细胞数量显著降低,同时,调节性T细胞及胸腺细胞发育和迁出不同阶段细胞绝对数均减少。结论皮肤移植排斥反应明显抑制受体小鼠胸腺及胸腺细胞的发育。该研究结果提示,急性移植排斥反应对中枢免疫器官胸腺中的T细胞发育分化具有重要影响。     

癌疫苗研究的进展

一、T细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中的重要性近年的大量研究表明,机体对肿瘤的免疫主要为细胞免疫,T细胞在疫苗为基础的肿瘤免疫治疗中具有重要作用。T细胞可识别癌细胞表达的三类肿瘤特异抗原:(1)突变或重排的癌基因产物和突变的抗癌基因产物。由于这些抗原绝大多数存在于细胞内,因此抗体无法发挥治疗作用,而T细胞却可特异地识别具有这类产物的肿瘤细胞。目前已在人体和鼠体上分离到针对BCR-abl、突变的ras和p53的特异性T细胞。但目前的问题是,由于不同肿     

HCV多表位抗原基因pcxz的三串联表达及其在小鼠体内免疫原性的研究

在本实验室之前合成的多表位抗原基因pcxz的基础上,将之3次串联重复构建了3pcxz,以重组表达的3PCXZ作为抗原,HCV病人血清为检测抗体,作Western blot杂交,结果表明3PCXZ抗原能被HCV阳性血清特异识别,而同正常人的血清无反应.通过对BALB/c小鼠的免疫应答进行检测,发现合成的多表位抗原3PCXZ诱导BALB/c小鼠产生的IgG抗体滴度为5.8×105;IgG亚型分析发现,这一免疫反应主要是基于TH2方式,在细胞免疫应答方面亦能激活特异的CD4+T辅助细胞CTL效应,最高溶解率达到40.54%,在1×106脾淋巴细胞中最多可以产生(698±229)个分泌INF-γ的CD4+T细胞.     

绒白乳菇中提取的乳菇菌素-D免疫抑制作用的研究

研究从绒白乳菇菌中分离出的一种新型倍半萜类化合物-乳菇菌素D的免疫抑制作用及机制。运用体外培养法取BALB/C小鼠脾细胞,研究乳菇菌素D对静止脾细胞、Con A(刀豆蛋白A)和LPS(脂多糖)刺激后的脾细胞(含B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞)增殖的抑制作用;运用MTT法经酶标仪检测吸光度,并计算刺激指数(stimulating index,SI);体外培养小鼠脾细胞,运用ELISA检测法观察乳菇菌素D对脾脏中T淋巴细胞分泌IL-2的抑制作用。结果显示该化合物对静止的脾细胞无抑制作用;对Con A和LPS刺激后的脾细胞增殖有显著抑制作用(P0.05),最大浓度药物组刺激指数SI低至0.28;高浓度的乳菇菌素D对Con A刺激的小鼠脾细胞产生的IL-2,具有显著抑制作用(P0.05)。结果显示乳菇菌素D通过抑制抗原刺激后的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖、抑制其分泌细胞因子,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。研究结果将为开发以乳菇菌素D为母体、经结构修饰、安全低毒的免疫抑制剂提供理论基础。     

绒白乳菇中提取的乳菇菌素-D的免疫抑制作用

研究从绒白乳菇菌中分离出的一种新型倍半萜类化合物-乳菇菌素D的免疫抑制作用及机制。运用体外培养法取BALB/C小鼠脾细胞,研究乳菇菌素D对静止脾细胞、Con A(刀豆蛋白A)和LPS(脂多糖)刺激后的脾细胞(含B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞)增殖的抑制作用;运用MTT法经酶标仪检测吸光度,并计算刺激指数(stimulating index,SI);体外培养小鼠脾细胞,运用ELISA检测法观察乳菇菌素D对脾脏中T淋巴细胞分泌IL-2的抑制作用。结果显示该化合物对静止的脾细胞无抑制作用;对Con A和LPS刺激后的脾细胞增殖有显著抑制作用(P0.05),最大浓度药物组刺激指数SI低至0.28;高浓度的乳菇菌素D对Con A刺激的小鼠脾细胞产生的IL-2,具有显著抑制作用(P0.05)。结果显示乳菇菌素D通过抑制抗原刺激后的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖、抑制其分泌细胞因子,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。研究结果将为开发以乳菇菌素D为母体、经结构修饰、安全低毒的免疫抑制剂提供理论基础。     

Extrathymic positive selection of alpha beta T-cell precursors in nude mice.

T lymphocytes expressing alpha beta T-cell receptors with sufficient affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on thymus epithelial cells are positively selected and mature to functional T cells. But several studies have demonstrated that athymic nude mice grafted with MHC-incompatible thymuses developed T cells specific for nude host rather than thymic MHC. We examined this paradox by analysing the specificity of T lymphocytes derived from nude mice. We report here that nude T lymphocyte precursors transferred to allogeneic SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice with a functioning thymus (but lacking T or B cells) generated host MHC-restricted effector T cells but also contained T cells restricted to donor MHC. If nude T cells were depleted from nude lymphohaemopoietic donor cells before or after transfer, only host MHC-specific T cells matured. The results may explain the unusual MHC specificities of nude T lymphocytes described in earlier studies and demonstrate two separate differentiation steps: in nude mice, T cells may be positively selected for self-MHC restriction specificity extrathymically; then a functional thymus is required for efficient T cell maturation.     

Anti-idiotypic cytotoxic T cells in rats with graft-versus-host disease

Transfer of parental strain T lymphocytes into F1 hybrid rats differing with respect to gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) causes a graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction. This reaction results from recognition of host allogeneic MHC gene products by specific clones of donor T cells. When given systemically in sufficient numbers, these donor T cells cause a progressive, generally fatal wasting syndrome, an early feature of which includes extensive splenomegaly. A more local, non-fatal GvH reaction, marked by extensive enlargement of the draining lymph nodes, ensues when donor T cells are administered via the footpad. Here, we demonstrate that cells derived from the enlarged draining lymph nodes of A/B F1 animals undergoing local GvH disease caused by donor A T cells contain a subpopulation of host-derived killer T-cell precursors which can be activated to lyse specific blast cells, derived from mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), reactive to host MHCb alloantigens. These 'anti-idiotypic' cytolytic T cells lyse A anti-MHCb MLC blasts, and also, they lyse anti-MHCb MLC blasts from MHC different, third party rat strains.     

Analysis of T-cell subsets in rejection of Kb mutant skin allografts differing at class I MHC

The T-cell subpopulations which initiate and mediate tissue allograft rejection remain controversial. In the present study we attempted to identify the phenotype and function of the T-cell subset(s) primarily responsible for the rejection of skin allografts differing at a single class I locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We found that the rejection rates by B6 mice (H-2b) of four different class I mutant (Kbm) skin allografts form a distinct hierarchy. This hierarchy correlates strikingly and uniquely with the relative precursor frequencies of Lyt2+ interleukin-2-secreting T-helper cells reactive against the various Kbm mutants. To investigate the role of Lyt2+ T cells in the rejection of class I-disparate skin allografts directly, H-2b nude mice were engrafted with Kbm skin allografts and then reconstituted with L3T4+ or Lyt2+ T-cell subpopulations from syngeneic H-2b mice. Lyt2+ T cells were observed to be both necessary and sufficient for the rejection of class I-disparate Kbm skin allografts, whereas L3T4+ T cells were neither necessary nor sufficient. These results identify the Lyt2+ interleukin-2-secreting T-cell subset as the critical cell type determining the rejection rate of class I-disparate Kbm skin allografts.     

Antigen presenting function of class II MHC expressing pancreatic beta cells

Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene expression in the mouse is generally limited to thymic epithelium and bone marrow-derived cells such as B lymphocytes and cells of the macrophage/dendritic cell lineage (M phi/DC). Class II-bearing B lymphocytes and M phi/DC possess antigen presenting cell (APC) function; that is, they can stimulate T lymphocytes reactive to either antigen plus MHC or foreign MHC alone. To assess whether non-bone-marrow-derived cells can acquire APC function and elicit graft rejection through expression of class II, we studied transgenic pancreatic islet beta cells that express a foreign class II (I-E) molecule. In vivo, grafts of I-E+ transgenic islets into I-E- naive hosts are not rejected unless the host is primed by an injection of I-E+ spleen cells. In vitro, the I-E+ beta cells are unable to stimulate T lymphocytes reactive to I-E plus a peptide antigen. Paradoxically, they induce antigen specific unresponsiveness in the T cells. We propose that expression of class II on non-lymphoid cells may serve as an extrathymic mechanism for maintaining self tolerance.     

Variable expression of Ia antigens on the vascular endothelium of mouse skin allografts

Ia antigens are membrane-bound glycoproteins that play a part in antigen recognition and subsequent cell-cell interactions in the immune response. In the mouse they are coded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex H-2 and have been demonstrated on B lymphocytes, monocytes, activated T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells. Ia-like antigens have also been detected on the vascular endothelium in man and on epidermal keratinocytes in rats but expression on the latter cells was induced by a graft-versus-host reaction or by contact hypersensitivity. In the mouse, previous studies have suggested that Ia antigens in skin are restricted to epidermal Langerhans cells and it was thought that these were the targets for Ia-dependent rejection of skin allografts. The results presented here show that Ia antigens in mouse allografts are also present on the vascular endothelium but their expression is variable and dependent on the immunological status of the recipient. These findings suggest that vascular endothelial cells can act as targets in Ia-incompatible skin allograft rejection.     

A minor transplantation antigen detected by MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes during graft-versus-host disease

Transplantation of bone marrow can give rise to graft-versus-host disease when donor T lymphocytes, mismatched with the host for major histocompatability (MHC) antigens, become sensitized and attack host tissues. However, graft-versus-host disease can also arise between donor and host with compatible MHC antigens but mismatched for a minor histocompatability antigen. We report here on the occurrence of severe acute graft-versus-host disease in a male patient with acute myeloid leukaemia who had received bone marrow matched for MHC (HLA) antigens from his sister. Strong cytotoxicity of the posttransplantation (that is, donor) lymphocytes against the patient's pretransplantation lymphocytes was found. Thus, the transplanted lymphocytes differed in a non-HLA antigen from the patient. The possible role of this strong cytotoxic minor histocompatability antigen in the development of graft-versus-host disease in man is being evaluated. Furthermore, with the use of cytotoxic T-cell lines, derived from the patient's 6 day effector cells, we are now able to type for it before grafting.     

Evolution of the MHC class I genes of a New World primate from ancestral homologues of human non-classical genes

The products of the classical human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (HLA-A, -B, -C) are highly polymorphic molecules that bind peptides and present them to T lymphocytes. The non-polymorphic, non-classical MHC class I gene products (HLA-E, -F, -G) are not restricting elements for the majority of T lymphocytes. The evolutionary relationship of the non-classical and classical MHC class I genes is unclear. Here we present the cloning and sequencing of the MHC class I genes of a New World primate, the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). The expressed MHC class I genes of this species are more closely related to the human non-classical HLA-G gene than they are to genes of the human classical HLA-A, -B, and -C loci. These observations imply that classical and non-classical genes do not necessarily constitute mutually exclusive groups over evolutionary time.     

大鼠角膜移植排斥动物模型的建立

目的　建立大鼠穿透性角膜移植排斥动物模型 ,总结模型制作中的并发症出现原因和相应对策 ,以及增加异体移植排斥率的注意事项。方法　采用远交系Wistar雌性大鼠和SD雌性大鼠建立穿透性角膜移植排斥模型。为了提高建立异体角膜移植排斥模型的成功率 ,在取供体角膜植片时靠近角膜缘取材 ,术后保留角膜缝线。结果　自体角膜移植组无排斥反应发生 ,异体角膜移植组角膜植片存活时间为 10 8d± 2 1d ,排斥率为 10 0 %。两组 6 8例模型术后并发症有虹膜前粘连 5只 ,虹膜脱出 5只 ,眼内出血 1只 ,白内障 3只和眼内感染 1只。结论　实验中采用的大鼠角膜移植模型 ,其临床表现与人类角膜移植排斥反应相似 ,排斥反应发生较早且排斥率高 ,适用于模拟人类角膜移植排斥现象进行深入的相关临床和基础研究。轻柔熟练的显微操作技术 ,锐利的手术器械 ,以及充分散大的瞳孔可以最大程度地减少术后并发症的发生。选择组织相容性抗原间差别大的品系、偏中心移植和术后保留缝线是增加移植排斥率的关键措施     

Predictable acquisition of a new MHC recognition specificity following expression of a transfected T-cell receptor beta-chain gene

Activation of mature T lymphocytes requires specific corecognition of antigen together with membrane-associated glycoprotein products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This dual specificity is determined by a single receptor structure consisting of a clone-specific alpha beta heterodimer. Because both the alpha and beta subunits possess unique combining-site-containing V regions, it remains an open issue as to what contribution each of the two chains of the receptor makes to the antigen versus MHC recognition specificities of the complete dimer present on any given T cell or in the T-cell pool as a whole. In the present work, we have used DNA-mediated gene transfer to express a new alpha or beta chain in a recipient murine T-cell hybridoma possessing a related antigen but distinct MHC specificity compared to the receptor-gene donor. Our results demonstrate that a beta-gene transfected hybridoma expresses new receptors with a predictable hybrid specificity, establishing that the beta chain has the predominant role in MHC molecule recognition in this model.