贵州瓮安新元古代陆山沱组磷块岩中的有机化合物

对保存有多细胞藻类原植体、细菌和疑原类化石的贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩所作的地球化学分析表明，磷块岩有机质演化程度较高，最高热解温度ｔｍａｘ达５９７℃，同提物中以非烃化合物和沥青质为主要成分，烃类含量不足２０％，色谱－质谱 （ＧＣ－ＭＳ）分析图谱显示烷烃的碳数范围很宽，有显著的高碳数正烷烃峰群（Ｃ１０－Ｃ３１），奇偶优势明显，烃 机组分中除正烃外还包含有萜焓、甾烷、芳香烃和类异戊二烯烃等。其中生物标记     

鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩段有机质富集的差异性

探讨鄂西地区下震旦统陡山沱组黑色页岩段有机质富集的差异性。通过鄂西地区陡山沱组野外露头、地质、地球化学综合研究分析,结果表明鄂西地区陡山沱组沉积环境主要为潮坪、台内盆地、台缘浅滩和斜坡。黑色页岩段主要发育于台内盆地,而潮坪主要发育白云岩;鄂西地区陡山沱组黑色页岩发育于B段和D段,其TOC的质量分数大多数2%,D段TOC的质量分数高于B段,两者相差3%,这种差异与页岩形成的沉积环境密切相关。环境的差异性表现为水体动力条件、古盐度环境和氧化-还原环境的地球化学指标差异。     

中扬子北部上震旦统陡山沱组沉积特征及演化

中扬子区上震旦统陡山沱组中下部为一大套灰黑色、黑灰色泥页岩,且大部分地区深埋地腹,具有较好的页 岩气勘探潜力。基于钻井岩芯及野外剖面测量观察,开展了系统的基础地质研究,建立了陡山沱组区域地层格架,进 行了层序和沉积相分析。上震旦统陡山沱组岩性具有四分特征,钻井岩芯和实测剖面各分段的岩性特征和沉积厚度 有所不同,地层厚度在90∼250 m,总体上呈东西走向展布,即自北西向东、南逐渐增厚的趋势。将陡山沱组划分为一 个二级层序（SS1）,其中包含4 个三级层序（SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4）。沉积相包括滨岸潮坪相和台地相,台地相划分为 开阔台地、局限台地和台内盆地3 类亚相。陡山沱期,研究区整体上为台地相沉积,区内东南部为开阔台地沉积,西北 部为局限台地,西南部花鸡坡-X1 井-九里垭一带为相对深水的台内盆地相沉积。     

湖北秭归庙河震旦系陡山沱组-灯影组界线层内微球粒的发现及意义

在湖北秭归庙河震旦系剖面陡山沱组-灯影组界线层内首次发现了微球粒。这些微球粒多为黑色、浅褐色,呈圆球形、椭球形,直径50～100μm。通过波谱分析,微球粒主要为石质球,即磷灰石球和硅质球。扫描电子显微镜照片显示出微球粒复杂的显微构造特征。一般认为微球粒有地外和地内两种成因。庙河地区微球粒的发现,为研究界线时期地质事件提供了新的资料     

贵州新元古代瓮安生物群中动物胚胎化石研究进展

 瓮安生物群指产出于贵州瓮安磷矿地区新元古代埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组（635~551Ma）上磷矿段的一个特殊磷酸盐化微体化石组合,主要由多细胞藻类、大型带刺疑源类和处于不同发育阶段的多种后生动物胚胎组成,并包括少量可能的后生动物幼虫和成体化石。瓮安生物群作为迄今为止世界上最古老的前寒武纪后生动物化石群,为探索后生动物的起源和早期演化历程提供了独一无二的实证记录。10余年来,瓮安生物群中动物胚胎化石的研究取得多项突破性进展,已确认至少5种不同卵裂方式的动物胚胎化石,胚胎化石分类从单纯的形态学分类向生物学分类转变,为揭示瓮安生物群中动物多样性提供了更多线索。同时,相关研究更新了繁盛于埃迪卡拉纪大型带刺疑源类生物属性的传统认识,并将之与有表面装饰的动物休眠卵（滞育胚胎）化石相联系。同步辐射X射线显微CT技术的应用成功解决了胚胎化石三维无损成像难题,为古胚胎学的发展带来了新的机遇。     

贵州瓮安白岩陡山沱组磷块岩特征及矿床成因

探讨贵州瓮安磷矿的磷块岩特征及磷矿床成因,为磷矿的勘查部署和开采提供理论依据。通过对瓮安白岩背斜震旦系陡山沱组含磷岩系岩石学、地球化学特征的分析,结合成矿环境、物质来源方面的地质特征研究,认为磷质来源于海底火山,受古地理环境、高水位海侵、上升洋流和生物有机质的作用,形成瓮安大型磷矿床。该磷矿的形成与陡山沱期古海洋环境改变所引发的生物事件关系密切,反映了震旦纪陡山沱期的后生生物早期爆发与成矿事件协同演化的特点。     

贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机化合物

对保存有多细胞藻类原植体、细菌和疑原类化石的贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩所作的地球化学分析表明,磷块岩有机质演化程度较高,最高热解温度t_max达597℃。岩石抽提物中以非烃化合物和沥青质为主要成分,烃类含量不足20%。色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析图谱显示正烷烃的碳数范围很宽,有显著的高碳数正烷烃峰群(C₁₉—C₃₁),奇偶优势明显,烃类有机组分中除正烷烃外还包含有萜烷、甾烷、芳香烃和类异戊二烯烃等。其中生物标记化合物及其组成特征指示了有机物的主要来源是当时生存的真核的多细胞藻类、细菌和古细菌,这与所观察到的磷块岩中保存的古生物化石组成相吻合。某些特征有机物和生物标记物还指示了磷块岩沉积环境特征：强还原性、高盐度、低陆源输入以及与水热活动相关的局部高温。这与沉积学和岩石学的观察相符。     

瓮安生物群中"内陷式动物原肠胚化石"的同步辐射无损成像及其亲缘关系的重新解释

 贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组(635—551Ma)的磷酸盐化动物胚胎化石作为全球已知最古老的多细胞动物化石记录,为研究后生动物的起源及早期演化过程提供了精美的实证材料.在传统扫描电子显微成像的基础上,结合同步辐射相位衬度显微断层成像技术,对瓮安生物群中以前报道的"内陷式动物原肠胚化石"的立体标本进行了比较形态学和解剖学研究.结果显示,贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷酸盐化内陷式动物原肠胚化石很可能是多细胞藻类,并非动物胚胎.     

长江流域有机碳同位素地球化学特征

１９９７年４～５月,在长江流域采集的土壤、植物和南北支流与主流悬浮颗粒物样品,对其进行了有机质＾１３Ｃ分析。结果表明,南北支流悬浮颗粒物有机质的＾１３Ｃ值范围在－２．８％～２．４％,而主流的＾１３Ｃ值分布在－２．６４％～－２．４５％。南北支流的输入对长江主流不同地段的＾１３Ｃ值有着一定的影响,并对长江流域不同物源的贡献大小进行了估算。研究显示：南部支流中悬浮颗粒物有机质的贡献主要来自高等植物;北部     

Precambrian phosphatized embryos and larvae from the Doushantuo Formation and their affinities, Guizhou （SW China）

Weng＇an phosphates of the Precambrian Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou （southwestern China） preserve a large number of exquisite biological structures, which are mostly micro-spherical and represent seaweeds, acritarchs and developing eggs related to various groups of metazoans. Here is a report of a variety of developing eggs and larvae, which are most probably of Cnidarian affinity. The eggs examined in the study are composed of early cleavage embryos and two-layered gastrulae. The early cleavage embryos are radial and total cleavage with equal-size blastomeres. The gastrulae mostly bear a large archenteron, which is filled with yolk-degrading organic matter. Ovoid to fusiform planula-like larvae identified in thin sections under light microscope are mostly mouthless and their gastrovascular cavity is filled with possible yolk-degrading organic matter. They are likely representatives of non-feeding larva. The uncommon planula-like structures are hollow, with each having a mouth-like structure on its narrow end. We interpret them as feeding larva. Study of these embryos with possible Cnidarian affinities shed new insight on the origin of metazoans.     

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of phosphorite and dolomite and palaeo-ocean temperature estimation: A case study from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou Province,South China

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an in Guizhou Province of South China consists of phosphorites and dolomites.Three types of samples are recongnized for the phosphate-bearing rocks.In Type I samples, interstitial phosphates occur within the dolomite rocks, whereas in Type III samples, interstitial dolomites occur within the phosphorites; both of them may have diagenetic origin.The Type II samples are interbedded phosphorites and dolomites.Oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate and coeval carbonate were analyzed.Phosphates of Type I and II samples show similar low δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 10.9‰～12.1‰ and 10.7‰～12.8‰, respectively, whereas Type III phosphates show higher δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 13.2‰～15.0‰.Dolomites from Type I and II samples have δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -6.2‰～-3.4‰ and -2.2‰～-0.7‰, respectively, whereas interstitial dolomites from Type III samples show lower δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -12.9‰～-8.6‰ and -4.4‰～-2.6‰.Petrology and oxygen isotope data suggest that diagenetic alteration may have partially affected the studied rocks, but the dolomites from Type I and phosphates from Type III samples represent the most pristine isotopic compositions of primary carbonates and phosphates precipitated from seawater.Calculations of palaeocean temperatures from the most 18O enriched dolomite and phosphate indicate a temperature range of 32.2 ℃ to 34.0 ℃ for the seawater of the Doushantuo Formation period.Ce anomaly also suggests more oxic conditions and possibly shallower water depth in the upper strata of the Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an, Guizhou Province.     

Discovery of the budding phosphatized globular fossils from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng’an, Guizhou Province, China

There is much debate on biological affinities of the phosphatized globular fossils from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites at Weng’an, Guizhou Province. Here we report for the first time the budding structures of some of these globular fossils, which have previously been interpreted as the resting eggs and early cleavage embryos of metazoans. The budding structures are similar to the germinating tubes of the spore and zygote of living algae, suggesting that some globular fossils from the Doushantuo phosphorites bear affinity with algae. The present new information indicated various biological affinity of the phosphatized globular fossils from the Doushantuo phosphorites.     

Rare earth elements and carbon isotope geochemistry of the Doushantuo Formation in South China: Implication for middle Ediacaran shallow marine redox conditions

The middle Ediacaran Shuram excursion, the largest negative δ 13 C carb excursion in Earth history, has been interpreted as indirect evidence for episodic oxidation and remineralization of deep ocean DOC (dissolved organic carbon). It has been hypothesized that such oxidation event may have occurred when anoxic DOC-laden deep water was brought to shallow shelves during oceanic upwelling, which is expected to cause localized anoxia in shallow environments. To test this prediction, we systematically analyzed rare earth elements (REE) and δ 13 C carb of the upper Doushantuo Formation carbonates in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China, which were deposited in an inner shelf environment and record a large negative δ 13 C carb excursion correlated to the Shuram event. The REE data show a significant positive shift in Ce/Ce* values, synchronous with a pronounced negative δ 13 C carb shift. This positive Ce/Ce* shift is interpreted to represent an oceanic anoxia event in shallow shelf environments, which may have been caused by the upwelling or impingement of oxygen-depleted and 12 C-enriched deep water onto shelves. This anoxia event coincides with a sharp decline in the abundance and diversity of Ediacaran acanthomorphic acritarchs, raising the possibility that these two geobiological events may be causally related.     

合川盐井溪嘉陵江组第二段盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩的碳氧同位素组成

以四川盆地东部合川盐井溪剖面三叠系嘉陵江组第二段的盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩为重点研究对象,在薄片观察、阴极发光和元素分析的基础上,探讨了盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩和相邻地层中微晶灰岩、微晶白云岩的元素地球化学特征和碳、氧同位素组成。研究表明:盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为268×10~(-6)、120×10~(-6)、-5.80‰和-8.97‰,微晶灰岩锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为142×10~(-6)、767×10~(-6)、-1.60‰和~(-6).31‰。与相邻地层的微晶灰岩相比,盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩具有较高的锰含量、较低的锶含量、较负的碳、氧同位素组成,显示盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩的地球化学特征代表了表生成岩环境,其碳源主要与近地表大气水环境的CO_2有关,并可能掺和细菌硫酸盐还原作用产生的CO_2,氧除与近地表大气水有关外,并可能继承了硫酸盐中的氧;微晶灰岩则对海水地球化学信息具有更好的代表性。相邻地层微晶白云岩的锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为291×10~(-6)、98×10~(-6)、-0.30‰和-4.23‰,具有和盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩类似的锰、锶含量和较正的碳、氧同位素组成,碳同位素可能较好地代表了同期海水,氧同位素则代表了蒸发海水。     

贵州早石炭世岩相古地理演化及页岩气成藏特征

根据野外剖面层序地层研究和室内资料分析,结合最新钻井资料、区域地质调查资料等,并与国内外典型页岩气特征参数及聚集条件对比,综合研究贵州下石炭统页岩气富集条件、优选有利地区.贵州下石炭统发育4个层序,以台地相石灰岩为主,夹潮坪沼泽潟湖相白云岩和泥页岩,惠水、长顺以及六盘水等地区下石炭统旧司组(打屋坝组,第2层序)页岩、泥岩较发育.从页岩、泥岩的分布、厚度、有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质热演化程度等特征,并与美国Barnett页岩等五大含气页岩主要评价参数以及涪陵焦石坝页岩气的分布、产出状态(游离气体积分数＞50％)等对比,认为黔南、黔西南地区旧司组具有页岩气聚集发育的条件,具有很好的勘探前景.其中,黔南最有利的地区是紫云-惠水一带,黔西南最有利的地区位于威宁-水城一带.该区页岩气应重视保存条件的研究,同时应重视游离气、夹层气的贡献.     

贵州地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩地质特征及其油气资源意义

贵州地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩发育广泛,并受该区早寒武世岩相古地理类型的控制,主要发育在中、东部地区的页岩盆地相地区中,少部分发育在页岩盆地相和碎屑岩台地相的过渡相中,极少发育在西部的碎屑岩台地相中.研究区牛蹄塘组黑色页岩沉积环境为缺氧还原性沉积环境,有机质母源主要为水生低等菌藻类生物,并混有少部分陆源高等植物.研究区牛蹄塘组黑色页岩具有有机质丰度高、母质类型好、有机质转化为烃类能力强的特征,显示出较大的生烃潜力和油气资源意义.但其高演化阶段作为成油的烃源岩意义不明显,作为成页岩气的源岩则前景乐观.     

Pb-Pb isotope dating of black shales from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Guizhou Province, South China

Withthedevelopmentofnewanalyticaltech niquesandstate of artinstruments ,isotopetracinganddatingmethodshavemadeconsiderableprogressinrecentyears .Inparticular ,variouskindsofradio genicisotopedatingmethodshavebeenappliedsuc cessfullyinigneousrocks.However,directdatingofsedimentaryrocksremainsundevelopedandcontro versial.Inmostcases ,researchersapplyU PbandK ArorAr Armethodstodatingvolcanicashesthatareinterbeddedwithinsedimentarystratainanattempttoobtaintheageofsedimentsindirectly[1] .Howev e…     

Variations of sulfur and carbon isotopes in seawater during the Doushantuo stage in late Neoproterozoic

The Doushantuo Formation of the Sinian System in the Yangtze area is the first sedimentary stratigraphic unit after the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event[1], named the Nantuo Glaciation in south China. There are not only phosphorite and manganese mineralized beds[2], but also a series of biome which represents the biological radiation in Neoproterozoic[3] found in this formation. It is important to study the palaeoenvironment and the early biological evolution implied in the Doushantuo …