磁性流体中纳米Fe3O4粒子包覆结构的研究

通过湿化学共沉淀法制备了高质量纳米Fe₃O₄磁性流体, 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HREM)对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 纳米磁性粒子粒径在8 ~ 10 nm, 最小4 nm, 属于超顺磁性范围. 纳米磁性微粒结晶完整, 晶界清晰, 表面活性剂对磁性微粒包覆良好, 在磁性微粒表面形成了均匀完整的球状无定形外壳. 研究表明, 表面活性剂包覆层对磁性微粒具有保护作用和稳定作用, 可提高和保持磁性流体的磁性能.     

PAH复合石墨氧化物分子沉积薄膜的制备及纳米摩擦学行为研究

用分子沉积技术制备了聚丙烯胺(PAH)/石墨氧化物(GO)多层分子沉积薄膜, 为了增大薄膜自身的结合强度, 采用加热的方式使其成膜动力发生转变. 用紫外光谱及原子力显微镜(AFM)考察了薄膜的微观结构及其纳米摩擦学性能. 结果表明, 薄膜能够有效降低玻璃表面的摩擦, 加热后薄膜成膜动力由静电结合转变为价键结合的形式, 同时摩擦力的变化取决于薄膜表面硬度和形貌.     

脱硫肠状菌合成纳米硫化铅

在脱硫肠状菌作用下,均匀的纳米PbS颗粒能够在温和的条件下合成,并利用TEM和XRD对所得产物进行了详细的表征,考察了制备过程中pH值和温度对产物的物相和形貌的影响．结果表明：不同温度下制备的PbS晶体具有相同的结构、形状和大小,但是随着pH值的增加,产物的形状由杆状逐渐变为球状．在生物法合成纳米PbS的过程中,脱硫肠状菌能利用硫酸盐作为最终电子受体产生硫化物,作为纳米PbS合成的硫源．     

等离激元纳米流体的光热特性研究

实验研究了利用金属纳米粒子的表面等离激元共振(LSPR)效应增强太阳能光热转换的可行性.采用光化学浸渍方法制备了一种TiO2/Ag复合结构纳米粒子.将这些纳米粒子分散于水中,超声振荡形成TiO2/Ag纳米流体,对其光热转换性能开展实验研究,分析纳米流体的浓度对光热转换性能的影响.结果表明:与不添加纳米粒子的纯水相比,等离激元粒子组成的纳米流体的光热转换性能大大提高.     

填料粒径对各向同性导电胶渗滤阈值的影响

采用反向微乳液法,通过调节微乳液体系中表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化氨（CTAB）的浓度,制备了粒径范围在10～200nm的Ag纳米粒子．XRD和TEM对不同粒径的纳米粒子进行表征．以这些不同粒径的Ag纳米粒子作为各向同性导电胶的导电填料,发现对于不同粒径的Ag粒子填料,导电胶电阻率的阈值填充量是不同的．当填料粒径为50nm时,导电胶出现的最小阈值填充量为63wt％,理论计算结果与这一实验结果符合得很好．     

银纳米流体横掠微针肋热沉流动和传热特性分析

采用单步化学湿法（超声膜扩散法）制备出了3种体积分数的水基银纳米流体,实验研究了纳米流体横掠新型水滴形微针肋热沉的流动和传热特性．结果表明：不同体积分数下的纳米流体压降差别很小;相同体积流量下,与基液比较,纳米流体进出口压降略有增加,但增加并不明显;与纯水相比,由于表面活性剂的引入增加了流体粘度,相同流量下,纳米流体的压降稍大于纯水值,但最大差距不超过10％．粒子的体积份额对纳米流体对流换热系数影响较大．纳米粒子的存在对换热性能有明显提高,但过高的黏度对纳米流体的强化传热效果有一定的抑制作用．与去离子水相比,当银粒子体积分数达到0．012％后,纳米流体的综合效果才能逐渐体现．     

潮湿环境下非氢类金刚石薄膜的超自润滑性能研究

采用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）方法在不同衬底温度条件下制备了不含氢的类金刚石薄膜,在相对湿度为80％与5％的条件下测试了类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性．由于PLD方法的独特性,薄膜具“软-硬”双层结构,保证了薄膜在潮湿条件（RH=80％）下仍保持非常优异的摩擦性能,摩擦系数与磨损率最低达0．045与5．94×10^-10mm^3·N^-1·m^-1,相对于干燥条件下测试结果来看,几乎没有明显变化．原子力显微镜与白光干涉仪测试结果表明,薄膜的均方根粗糙度小于1nm,最小值为0．209nm;XPS表明薄膜sp^3最高含量达72％,并且Raman光谱结果表明室温下制备的薄膜是非晶网络结构;纳米压痕迹测试表明,薄膜最高硬度与弹性模量分别达51 GPa与350 GPa,且随衬底温度升高而降低;样品表面的水接触角均大于90°,薄膜表面疏水并具有极低的表面能．     

油酸功能化金属有机框架纳米片的摩擦学性能研究

利用对苯二甲酸与乙酸铜为原料,采用超声辅助自组装合成了铜基金属有机框架(Cu-MOF)纳米片,之后通过超声处理将油酸分子修饰于Cu-MOF表面,得到Cu-MOF@OA纳米片.相比于Cu-MOF纳米片, Cu-MOF@OA纳米片在保持片状结构的同时,其尺寸进一步减小,同时也使团聚问题得到了极大改善,在基础油500 N中表现出良好的分散稳定性.摩擦学试验表明,在1.0 wt.%的添加浓度下, Cu-MOF@OA展现出最佳的摩擦学性能,其摩擦系数降低至基础油的3/5,磨损体积降低至基础油的1/6.最后,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Cu-MOF@OA纳米片润滑后的磨痕进行形貌和特征元素的表征,探究其润滑机制.结果表明,摩擦过程中在负载和剪切应力的共同作用下, Cu-MOF@OA纳米片、基础油以及铁基底三者之间发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应,形成了由含氮物质、含碳物质与铁氧化物组成的摩擦膜,降低了摩擦磨损.     

表面活性剂对超细钛酸钡粉体制备的影响

钛酸钡是一种重要的功能介电材料,本实验采用了直接沉淀法合成纳米BaTiO3粉体,分别研究了表面活性剂种类、浓度、加入时间在合成过程中对纳米钛酸钡粉体大小的影响：结果表明,通过添加非离子表面活性剂APG,用量为0．5wt％时,能够较好地控制纳米钛酸钡粉体的大小、形状,改善纳米钛酸钡粉体的团聚情况。在沉淀反应前加入APG的方式优于反应后加入的方式。     

阳极氧化制备新颖的TiO_2多孔纳米结构膜及其形成机理与应用

采用两步阳极氧化法在钛箔片上制备了TiO_2多孔薄膜,随着阳极氧化的进行,Ti片表面依次出现上下双层纳米多孔结构、内外双层(芯壳)纳米管阵列结构和单层纳米管阵列结构等典型形貌,结合不同时间段的阳极氧化膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、X射线光电子能谱、电流密度随时间变化曲线等,分析了随着氧化进行钛片表面多孔TiO_2纳米膜典型形貌可能的形成机理.上下双层结构纳米多孔膜可能是因为纳米孔孔径强烈依赖于电流密度,而起始阶段的电流密度大小指数下降导致出现上层大孔下层小孔的双层结构;内外双层结构纳米多孔膜的形态可能来自于氧化钛纳米多孔膜从内至外由成分和可溶性不同的氧化钛构成导致;随着氧化进行,内层可溶性大的氧化钛结构逐渐溶解,形成的常见的TiO_2纳米管阵列结构.将阳极氧化得到的稳定的TiO_2纳米管薄膜作为光阳极组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,研究了其光电性能.基于未经修饰处理的TiO_2纳米管阵列光阳极,其组装电池的能量转换效率(η)可达5.88%,将TiO_2纳米管阵列光阳极进一步采用常用的TiCl_4溶胶处理后,其效率提高到8.47%,在能源转化方面展现了较好的应用前景.     

Melatonin in the plasma of growing sheep subjected to short and skeleton long photoperiods

Summary The levels of melatonin in plasma were measured at hourly intervals for 24 h in 8 sheep, 4 under 8L:16D (short day) and 4 under 7L:10D:1L:6D (skeleton long day) after 38 days of exposure. Mean concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments (52 pg/ml under short days; 91 pg/ml for skeleton long days), but the levels were more stable during 24 h in the SD treatment. Under skeleton long days there were 3 peaks during the 10D scotophase, with low levels during the 6D scotophase and the 7L photophase.     

三元体系Mg2+//Cl-,borate-H2O在308.15K时稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解法研究了三元体系Mg2+//C1-,borate-H20在308.15 K时的稳定相平衡;测定了上述体系液相中各组份的平衡溶解度及物化性质(密度和pH),根据实验数据绘制了相应相图和物化性质组成图.该体系在308.15 K时有1个共饱点(水氯镁石+镁硼酸盐)、2条饱和溶解度曲线和2个结晶相区,无复盐及固溶体...     

The oxygen-linked hydrogen ion binding (the Haldane coefficient) of bovine hemoglobin.

The Haldane coefficient (the amount of the oxygen-linked hydrogen ion binding of hemoglobin) was determined in bovine erythrolysate (Hb concentration equals 13.5 mM) by means of the differential titration method with varying PCO2 from 0 to 74 mm Hg and pH from 6.0 to 8.5 at 37 degrees C. The maximum value of the coefficient was found to be 0.49 mM per mM Hb at PCO2 equals 0 and pH 7.20. With increasing of PCO2, the coefficient became smaller in all ranges of pH studied. The coefficient under the conditions of pH 7.20 and PCO2 equals 45 mm Hg that are normally prevailing in the interior of bovine erythrocytes was 0.31.     

Consequences of sulphate-reducing bacterial growth in a lab-simulated waste disposal regime

Summary Experiments are described which investigate corrosion of forged 0.2% carbon steel in the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Cultures of a thermophilic bacteriumDesulfotomaculum nigrificans were mixed with bentonite and synthetic groundwater to simulate a bacteria-contamined backfill, and placed in contact with carbon steel disc specimens in perspex cells at 50°C under anaerobic conditions. The rates of corrosion were monitored by electrochemical techniques, together with changes in near field redox potential. After 340 days the nature and extent of any corrosion was measured and the SRB content of the bentonite determined. Recovery of relatively large numbers of bacteria after about one year incubation in an alkaline (pH 9.5) medium confirmed the pH tolerance of the strain. Enhanced corrosion (three times the rate of the control) occurred in at least two of the five cells that contained SRB despite the nutritionally poor environment which existed in the bentonite gel.     

Characterization of the "4 S-trypsin" form of the cytosoluble estradiol receptor of calf uterus in a nondenaturing system]

The characterisation of the "4 S-trypsin" form of the estradiol-receptor from calf uterus cytosol was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. In a multiphasic buffer system (upper buffer Tris-glycine pH25degrees C = 8,6, lower buffer Tris HCl pH25degrees C = 7,4), three radioactive estradiol peaks were observed. The first was free estradiol, the second estradiol initially complexed with a macromolecule and dissociated during electrophoresis, and the third the hormone-receptor complex. The sedimentation coefficient (4 S) of this complex was the same before and after electrophoresis. Its mean geometric radius is R = 2.53 + 0.08 nm and its molecular weight was estimated to be 55,000.     

Réversibilité de la réponse du potentiel de membrane chezNitella flexilis L. à des variations de pH

Summary The better the recovering of the membrane potential ofNitella on restoring the initial value of the external pH after a change, the more acid is the pH of the medium (Table I). On the other hand, a better repeatability was observed in alkaline solutions (Table II) for a change in the external K⁺ concentration. These results are interpreted as a manifestation of the binding of K⁺ ions to ionizable fixed charges (pK about 5–6) at the membrane surface and of the control of molecular structure of the membrane by the pH.     

解聚复肾宁对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的 观察中药复方解聚复肾宁（JJFSN）对高耱环境下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（mesangial cell,MC）增殖和细胞周期的影响.方法 以高糖诱导MC增殖,采用血清药理学方法制备不同浓度JJFSN舍药血清,加入培养液中,用MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞技术检测细胞周期.结果 MTT显示：JJFSN含药血清可抑制高糖诱导的MC过度增殖（P＜0.05）,并且这种作用具有药物剂量和时间依赖关系.流式细胞技术分析表明：JJFSN可逆转高糖对细胞周期的影响,使G0/G1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞比例下降（P＜0.05） 在高浓度时还能促进MC细胞凋亡.结论 JJFSN可以通过调节细胞周期,促进细胞凋亡,从而抑制高糖诱导的MC过度增殖,这可能是JJFSN防治DN早期的作用杌理.     

三维无单元伽辽金方法求解人体股骨和颅骨生物力学冲击问题

基于人体CT图像,建立了股骨和颅骨的三维模型。采用无单元伽辽金法分析了人体股骨和颅骨生物力学冲击问题。在给定工况下,得到了股骨的应力峰值,考察了峰值出现的位置,讨论了颅骨在不同冲击速度作用下的响应。无单元伽辽金法与有限元法计算结果在峰值大小及其随速度变化趋势上均吻合较好。计算结果表明：无单元伽辽金法处理骨骼等复杂的生物...     

不同方法制备的Pt对电极染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能研究

采用磁控溅射（sputtering）、高温热分解（high-temp）H2Pt Cl6·6H2O溶液和低温化学还原（low-temp）H2Pt Cl6·6H2O溶液等方法在FTO导电基片上制备了三类不同的Pt对电极,通过改变磁控溅射时间或旋涂退火循环次数,对FTO上不同对电极的载Pt量进行了调节.分析了三种不同方法制备的对电极的晶相结构、表面形貌以及透光率等特性.基于纳米管阵列和不同条件制备的对电极组装了系列染料敏化太阳能电池.测量了正照射和背照射条件下的电池光电性能,并分析了制备方法对对电极微结构和形貌的影响,以及对组装电池光电性能的影响,并对其各自的适用性和优缺点进行了比较分析.     

Evaluation of the going-concern status for companies: An ensemble framework-based model

Issuing a going-concern opinion is a difficult and complex task for auditors. The auditors have to take into account different critical factors in order to make the right decision based on information obtained from the auditing process. This study adopts the so-called “random forest” approach (based on the ensemble method) to assist auditors in making such a decision. To investigate the corresponding effect of the proposed approach, we conduct a series of experiments and a performance comparison. The results show that the random forest method outperforms the baseline methods in terms of the accuracy rate, ROC area, kappa value, type II error, precision, and recall rate. The proposed approach is proven to be more accurate and stable than previous methods.