活化剂对常压渣油减压拔出率的影响

在马西拉常压渣油和马西拉/卡宾达(质量比3/7)混合油常压渣油添加了具有不同长链和不同极性基团的1~5号活化剂后,用简易蒸馏的方法研究了减压拔出率变化。结果表明:富含芳烃糠醛抽出油对重油的强化作用优于FCC油浆;酚类物质在活化剂中有助活化作用;马西拉常压渣油添加0.12%(质量百分数)的3号活化剂净拔出率为2.05%;混合油常压渣油添加0.009%的5号活化剂,净拔出率达到3.34%。加活化剂后原料油的运动粘度与馏分油净增值有一定的对应关系;添加糠醛抽出油时小于350°C的轻油馏分收率有较明显的增加,5号活化剂使轻蜡油和重蜡油收率有明显增加;加剂前后减压渣油质量发生了改变。并从石油分散体系的胶体形式和稳定性入手探讨了强化蒸馏的机理。     

1,1’-二茂铁二甲酸二甲酯的合成研究

以1,1＇-二茂铁二甲酸、甲醇为原料,研究了1,1＇-二茂铁二甲酸二甲酯合成的最佳工艺条件。探讨了催化剂对1,1＇-二茂铁二甲酸二甲酯收率的影响;采用新的合成工艺一锅法合成了1,1＇-二茂铁二甲酸二甲酯,考察了采用三乙胺、二氯亚砜一锅反应法物料配比、酯化时间、酯化温度对酯化反应收率的影响;当1,1＇-二茂铁二甲酸与二氯亚砜的物质的量比为1：2．5、酯化温度为50℃、反应时间为4．5h时,得到的产物收率为91．1％。     

利用花生壳制备活性炭的工艺研究

探讨了花生壳为原料制备活性炭的工艺条件。实验证明：活化剂的种类和用量、活化时间、活化温度及操作方式等对产品的收率及性能都有一定的影响。合适的工艺条件为：以ZnCl2作为活化剂，浓度为15%（质量），在650℃下连续炭活化4.5小时。     

4,10-二硝基-2,6,8,12-四氧杂-4,10-二氮杂四环[5.5.0.05,903,11]十二烷的合成

研究了4,10-二硝基-2,6,8,12-四氧杂-4,10-二氮杂四环[5.5.0.05,903,11]十二烷(TEX)的合成方法,以其二步合成法为基础,对影响中间体1, 4-二甲醛-2, 3, 5, 6-四羟基哌嗪(DFTHP)以及目标产物4,10-二硝基-2,6,8,12-四氧杂-4,10-二氮杂四环[5,5,0,05,903,11]十二烷(TEX)合成收率的关键因素进行了考察. 结果表明:使用NaOH饱和溶液调节反应液pH为9时,DFTHP收率可达到68.3%;硝硫混酸中发烟硝酸与浓硫酸的体积比为3∶2,硝化剂与DFTHP的体积与质量比为3∶1时TEX的收率可达到59.7%. 经过条件优化,TEX二步合成法总收率提高到了40.8%.      

草酸钾与碳酸钾活化法制备红麻秆芯活性炭及其性能比较

以红麻秆芯为原料,分别采用草酸钾与碳酸钾为活化剂制备了不同活化剂/原料浸渍比(R)因素下的系列活性炭.通过碘和亚甲基蓝吸附值测试、N2吸附-脱附等温线和FT-IR分析等表征活性炭的性能,探讨了草酸钾活化剂制备活性炭的作用机理.结果显示,草酸钾活化法所制备的红麻秆芯活性炭具有更优异的性能,且浸渍比R对草酸钾活化法所制备的红麻秆芯活性炭的吸附性能和孔结构参数的影响更显著.本研究表明草酸钾是一种潜在的优良化学活化剂.     

绿色催化合成3,4-己二酮

介绍了以廉价丙醛制备3,4-己二酮的合成路线.以催化量的噻唑盐和助催化剂无机碱碳酸钠催化丙醛偶联,以90%的收率制得丙偶姻;丙偶姻在浓硫酸存在下,用质量分数30%H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O氧化得到85%收率的3,4-己二酮.气相色谱标准样品对照法确定了产物的结构.     

木素过氧化物酶及乙二醛氧化酶在壳聚糖上的共固定化

选取壳聚糖-戊二醛共价法对黄孢原毛平革菌所产的木素过氧化物酶(LiP)和乙二醛氧化酶(GLOX)同时进行了共固定化研究,LiP和GLOX的酶活回收率分别达到了81.4%和45.2%。实验表明:采用先活化载体后共价结合酶的固定方法比活化载体-酶固定化同时进行效果好;在选择活化剂种类上,戊二醛优于乙二醛和不加活化剂;最佳加酶量为30ml/0.4g载体;最佳戊二醛浓度为0.2%;戊二醛最佳固定化时间均为10h。     

新型绿色固体酸催化剂催化氧化油酸的研究

以单一农业产品油酸为原料,自制SO42-/TiO2固体酸为催化剂,采用臭氧与过氧化氢联合氧化法合成高附加值的产品壬二酸。实验结果表明:制备的SO42-/TiO2固体酸催化剂具有比较好的催化效果,壬二酸的一次收率为52%,二次收率为25%,累计收率超过以磷钨酸为催化剂制备壬二酸的收率。     

磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭工艺

以林业废弃物杨木屑为原料,采用正交试验法探讨以磷酸为主活化剂,浓硫酸为辅助活化剂,在不同工艺条件下制备活性炭,测定其亚甲基蓝脱色力和碘的吸附值,考虑活化因素对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,确定最佳工艺参数.试验结果表明:磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭的最佳工艺条件为浸渍比1∶2.5,浸渍浓度60%,活化时间90 min,活化温度550℃.     

山苍子油综合利用研究(Ⅰ)——假性紫罗兰酮的合成

<正> 0 前言β-紫罗兰酮是一种重要的花香型香料,同时也是合成我国目前还比较缺乏的维生素A的重要原料。目前,β-紫罗兰酮的合成途径较多,我国较普遍采用的是半合成法,因为半合成法与其它方法相比较,成本较低。半合成法的主要原料是山苍子油或经过提纯的柠檬醛。其过程如下:由柠檬醛在碱性条件下缩合成假性紫罗兰酮;假性紫罗兰酮在酸性条件下,环化成为β-紫罗兰酮,目前普遍采用的半合成法转化率偏低,总收率在43％～45％之间。第一步缩合反应收率在65％～77％。为了进一步降低β-紫罗兰酮的成本,以尽可能提高其总收率,本文介绍采用一种自制的水溶性催化剂,可使山苍子油合成假性紫罗兰酮的收率达到86％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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