锅炉重油小油点火改造实现提前投粉节油

机组启停频繁,锅炉点火、稳燃过程重油消耗量大,影响经济运行,通过技术改造使锅炉实现重油小油点火提前投粉节油。     

重油助燃添加剂的应用研究

就研制的助燃添加剂在重油燃烧过程中的应用，作了举例说明，试验证明冶金窑炉使用后节油率不低于５％，因此对节省燃油和改善燃烧工况具有良好的效果。     

乳化重油燃烧掺水量优化控制方案的分析与应用

在掺水乳化重油性能影响因素的实验基础上,通过对乳化重油掺水前后燃烧效果的评价和影响掺水比例的多种因素的分析,设计了一种掺水量优化控制方案,并应用于燃油隧道窑的实践,得出可以通过计算节油率和测定NOx、CO和烟尘量以及烟气的林格曼黑度来评价乳化油掺水后的节能和环保效果;燃烧乳化重油必须相应减少供风量,节油效果更好;现场试验结果与实验室结果吻合良好,表明实验研究得到的结论对实际中更好的运用这一节能技术具有很好的指导意义.图4,表2,参10.     

TA—1型乳化柴油的研究与实践

研制了ＴＡ－１型柴油乳化剂，按最佳乳化工艺条件配制的乳化油，在不同机器上进行试验研究。结果表明：台架试验节油率为７．９２～１０．８２％，行车试验节油率为１２．１５～１５．１６％，烟度降低率为４６．８７％，社会经济效益显著。     

台湾瀚阳公司推广融合油技术

台湾瀚阳能源开发股份有限公司是一家专业性的公司,多年来致力于研究开发燃煤、燃油的节能新技术,以延长不可再生能源资源的使用期,并减少废气对大气环境的污染。90年代初,瀚阳公司开始在祖国大陆推广应用其融合油技术,目前已取得了良好的进展。所谓融合油,是将70%的重油和30%的水相混合,利用专用添加剂作触媒,在特定的装置中,在较低工作温度下进行高速射流雾化,强力使之混合。由于触媒的催化作用,融合油在制备和燃烧过程中完成物理的、化学的反应过程,实现热效应迭加、能量增益,从而达到节油的效果。此种重油、水、触媒体融合而成的生成物,即为融合油。由检测得知,融合油发热值高于所含相应比例的重油和同比例掺水     

新型汽车高效节油器

张家口市节能研究所研制的汽车高效节油器,在日前召开的河北省汽车节能技术推广会上当场路试,节油率达10％,引起与会代表的兴趣和惊奇。据了解,目前世界上代表国际先进水平的李斯特节油器,节油率只有7.9％。我国创新设计的这种节油器,可自动调     

基于实测数据的汽油机无进气节流损失的节油潜力研究

对比Otto循环与Atkinson循环,从理论上分析了后者在无节气门节流损失时发动机的节油潜力及原因,提出评定节油率的相关参数为泵气损失能耗比与泵气损失消除率;推导出节油率的计算公式;进行发动机台架试验,测量计算节油率所需要的相关参数.基于理论推导与实测数据计算得到发动机万有特性上Atkinson循环的节油潜力MAP图,并对其进行评定,得出节油效果好、实际应用性强的发动机工况区域.结果表明:当转速不超过3 000 r/min和平均有效压力不超过0.3 MPa时,节油率都在14％以上.     

CZF-A型乳化柴油的试验研究

研制了ＣＺＦ－Ａ型柴油乳化剂，按最佳乳化工艺条件配制的乳化油，在不同型号机器上进行试验研究．结果表明：台架试验平均节油率为１７．７３％，行车试验节油率为１８．０９％～２２．５８％，减烟率为５１．６２％，具有显著的经济和社会效益．     

乘用车车身结构轻量化设计影响因素研究

轻量化是实现汽车节能减排的重要途径,已成为汽车行业重要技术发展方向.本文从车身结构的持续优化调整、车身部件的改良、车体结构技术三方面,建立了车身轻量化设计体系流程,并开发了CAE仿真和试验测试相结合的轻量化节油效果和碰撞安全性验证方法.结果表明,基于某乘用车实现了车身减重53.44 kg,NEDC工况冷机节油1％、热机节油1.22％,同时实现C-NCAP正面碰撞15.6分、偏置碰撞16.74分,满足五星安全标准.     

重油介质极化机理及含水量检测

基于射频阻抗理论对重油的含水量进行快速检测的方法，研究了含水重油电介质的极化机理，对混合介质的介电常数进行了计算，并讨论了传感器的设计原理和温度补偿方法，最后对实验结果进行了误差分析．计算结果表明最大非线性误差为０．５％．该法为重油乳化实现经济燃烧提供了含水量检测的依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the