裂隙岩体贯通及锚固止裂路径有限元分析

供水管网地震过程中往往会遭到不同程度的破坏,以震后管线破坏状态模拟为基础,对带渗漏管网进行水力分析,进而评价其服务性能.在渗漏管网流分析时,引入节点配水量和节点压力的函数关系,结合中国点式渗漏模型,通过求解非线性方程组,得到震后管网节点的供水量和节点压力.该方法在传统的管网水力计算基础上,考虑节点流量随水压的动态变化,避免了负的压力计算值的产生.以一实际管网为例,介绍了震后供水管网功能分析的应用方法.     

地震时城市供水管网水力特性分析

研究地震导致渗漏的供水管网的水力特性,考虑节点流量随节点水压的动态变化,构建地震导致渗漏的供水管网水力模型.基于EPANET计算管网节点实际流量和水压,评价供水管网水力特性.案例分析表明,构建的模型和提出的水力计算方法是可行的,为城市供水管网抗震防灾管理提供借鉴.     

供水管网节点可靠性评估方法研究

文章基于供水管网水力分析,引入节点流量与节点水压的关系式,以管网管段故障状态下,节点实际可获得的流量与需求量的比值作为节点瞬时可靠度,结合管段可用度采用2种计算方法求得节点可靠度,对算例结果进行分析表明,节点的可靠度不仅与距离水源的远近有关,还与管网的拓扑结构、节点需求水量以及周围管段管径大小等因素有关。     

震后给水管网服务性能的模糊评价方法

基于震后城市给水管网水力分析模型和给水管网系统服务性能准则,引入模糊数学的理论与方法,以管网节点水压和流量为评判指标,建立了震后给水管网系统服务性能的二级模糊综合评判模型.根据水压和流量的服务性能等级划分构造了单因素指标的梯形隶属函数,通过加权平均型评判模型和最大隶属度原则对管网进行综合评定,实现了地震对给水管网服务性能影响的量化评价.对一给水管网的综合评价分析结果表明,该方法可较为全面、客观地评价震后管网服务性能的优劣水平,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于EPANET的变电站水消防系统数值模拟

新建的市区变电站大多采用布置紧凑、占地面积较小的全户内型变电站，其消防系统通常不建设消防水池，直接从市政管网取水灭火。文章研究该模式下的消防系统运行现状及供水可靠性，以管网中节点的自由水压为参数，采用国际通用的有压管网数值模拟软件EPANET,构建区域管网数值模型，对室内消火栓开启、室外消火栓开启和室内外消火栓同时开启3种工况进行数值模拟分析。结果表明：变电站消防系统开启后，市政管网各节点水压整体降低，少量节点水压低于28 mH₂O,且邻近变电站的节点水压降低幅度大于其他节点；采用2路市政供水干管向变电站消防系统供水，可显著提高变电站消防系统的供水可靠性。研究结果可为典型户内变电站消防系统的设计提供理论依据。     

EPANETH在有水塔管网平差中的应用

从管网平差的定义和在供水管网系统设计中的重要性出发,指出了采用哈代．克罗斯法的弊端和EPANETH在管网平差中的算法及适用范围．选取了1个有清水池和水塔的给水管网的例子,在软件上直接建立管网模型,从管段、节点信息输入及处理方面入手,阐述了如何应用EPANETH来计算有水塔管网情况．结果用管段流量．节点压力图、管段流速一节点需水量图、节点总水头．管段流量图等表现,并详细说明了管段直径设计原则和做法;详细校核了水塔转输工况和自由水压情况,通过分析得出根据最高时确定的管径,不能满足转输时进入水塔流量的结论;最后通过反复调整个别管段管径,达到了要求,各节点的自由水压均满足要求;指出了软件使用时的一些注意事项．     

浅谈管网叠压供水

叠压供水可以充分利用城市管网的水压、降低能耗、减少水质二次污染,但这种给水方式需建立一定的准用条件:管网的供应能力必须满足要求,需在批准限定的流量下运行,必须具有防止负压的措施.介绍了管网叠压供水的适用条件,论述了采用管网叠压供水时应注意的问题,指出使用不当会对城市管网产生不利影响,应当是有条件的推广这种供水方式.     

基于综合水龄指数评价的供水管网优化调度

研究了通过计算节点平均水龄分析该地区供水管网的水质状况的方法,在此基础上,提出供水管网综合水龄指数评价指标,并基于该指数构建管网水力优化调度模型,采用遗传算法实现优化问题的求解,并以江苏某镇城乡统筹供水管网为实例进行了应用.结果表明,水力优化调度能够改善管网的综合水龄情况,尤其是对于流量较大的节点有明显的效果,但是对于管网末端水量相对较小节点,则需要结合水力调度以及管段冲洗等方式来改善管网水龄情况.     

多目标大规模供水管网监测点的优化选址

针对供水管网水力模型中监测点布置的优化计算不易得到确定结果、运行数据不能完全代表管网状况的问题,提出反映管网节点水量和节点压力变化的节点覆盖水量和节点相关水压的多目标遗传算法,综合灵敏度分析、爆管分析,结合测压点布设原则、管网拓扑结构、水力计算结果最终确定测压点优化选址的方法。该方法用于城镇大规模实际管网中,采用管网节点中的0.3%个节点为水压监测点即可覆盖约45%的管网节点与43%的管网水量,通过与现有布设原则比较,发现其结果与布设原则匹配度较高。该方法提高了管网模型测压点的精度和准度,也代表了管网中水压变化和水量影响,可有效消除人为因素影响和提高监控管网漏水、爆管、能耗的效果。     

多水源供水管网水力计算方法研究

采用有限元法分析供水管网的数学模型 ,建立了管网整体矩阵 ,引入节点水压边界条件 ,并求解管网水力平衡方程 ,得出各项水力要素 .编写了通用电算程序 ,可快捷准确地进行水力计算     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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