Geomagnetic polarity change, volcanic maxima and faunal extinction in the South Pacific

Studies of deep-sea sedimentary cores from Antarctic Pacific waters show that some volcanic maxima occurred when the geomagnetic polarity was changing. Upper mantle activity and geomagnetic polarity change may therefore be related. Coincidences of faunal extinction and geomagnetic polarity change may be explained by corresponding volcanically induced climatic changes.     

江西信丰县铁石口剖面二叠－三叠系界线综合研究

首次对江西信丰县铁石口二叠—三叠系界线剖面的生物地层学、岩石地层学、微量元素、碳及氧稳定同位素、粘土岩和沉积环境以及数学地质的有序最优分割计算进行了综合研究，通过分析，将铁石口剖面二叠—三叠系界线置于第２６层底。界线粘土岩（第２６层）的矿物组成以伊利石和高岭石为主，仅含少量蒙脱石－伊利石不规则混层矿物，这是首次发现的新类型界线粘土岩     

具有质量涨落的双分数阶耦合谐振子系统的随机共振

本文对具有质量涨落的双分数阶耦合振子系统的随机共振（Stochastic Resonance,SR）进行了研究. 在利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换求得系统输出振幅增益（output Amplitude Gain,OAG）的解析式后,本文研究了不同参数对OAG共振行为的影响. 数值模拟结果显示,OAG随噪声强度、信号频率及阻尼系数的变化出现随机共振. 此外,分数阶和耦合系数对OAG的随机共振也有影响.     

207Pb/206Pb determination of zircons by laser probe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Laser probe_inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LP_ICP_MS) was used to determine 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios in single zircon grains. A Nd∶YAG laser operating at 1 064 nm and a Fisons_VG PQII Turbo ICP_MS were employed. For the known zircons, the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb results of LP_ICP_MS are close to the thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) results. The spatial resolution of this method is 40-50 μm and the sensitivities for lead isotopes are about 300-400 cps/ppm. The precision of 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio is 0.3%-4% and depends on the lead concentration of the sampling pits. LP_ICP_MS provides a simple, rapid and economic method for zircon 207 Pb/ 206 Pb determination.     

黔西南三叠系永宁镇组牙形石研究—兼论下,中三叠统界线

本文首次系统描述了贵州贞丰县龙场、关岭县永宁镇的永宁镇组牙形石5属12种;在永宁镇组中识别出4个牙形石组合带(层)(由下而上):1. Pachycladina obliqua-Parachirognathus delicatulus带,2. Neospathodus homeri-Neospathodus triangularis.带,3. Neogondolella cf. jubata-Neospathodus timorensis带,4. Neogondolella navicula navicula-Neogondolella constricta层;首次将下、中三叠统的界线置于 Neogondolella navicula navicula-Neogondolella constricta层之底,即永宁镇组第4段之底。两统之间为整合接触。     

Two networks of electrically coupled inhibitory neurons in neocortex

Inhibitory interneurons are critical to sensory transformations, plasticity and synchronous activity in the neocortex. There are many types of inhibitory neurons, but their synaptic organization is poorly understood. Here we describe two functionally distinct inhibitory networks comprising either fast-spiking (FS) or low-threshold spiking (LTS) neurons. Paired-cell recordings showed that inhibitory neurons of the same type were strongly interconnected by electrical synapses, but electrical synapses between different inhibitory cell types were rare. The electrical synapses were strong enough to synchronize spikes in coupled interneurons. Inhibitory chemical synapses were also common between FS cells, and between FS and LTS cells, but LTS cells rarely inhibited one another. Thalamocortical synapses, which convey sensory information to the cortex, specifically and strongly excited only the FS cell network. The electrical and chemical synaptic connections of different types of inhibitory neurons are specific, and may allow each inhibitory network to function independently.     

超高压液相色谱—串联质谱测定水产养殖环境中的痕量氯霉素

本研究应用固相萃取及超高压液相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了水产养殖环境中痕量氯霉素的分析方法.以空白的养殖渔塘水为基底,进行加标回收试验,加标质量浓度分别为0.1、1.0、5.0ng/mL时的回收率为81.0％～105.5％,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.4％～9.5％之间(n=5),养殖渔塘水中的检出限为0.2ng/mL.结果,本研究所建立的方法成功对4个养殖渔塘进行了检测,检出了氯霉素的质量浓度在0.9～10.0ng/L之间,为以后的进一步分析研究奠定了基础.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析环境水样中5种酚类化合物

结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),建立了用固相萃取技术富集环境水中5种酚类化合物(双酚F、双酚S、双酚A、辛基酚和壬基酚)的分析方法。样品中目标物经亲油亲水平衡（HLB）固相萃取柱富集,使用二氯甲烷/乙腈梯度洗脱。样品经C18色谱柱分离,采用高效液相色谱-负离子-电喷雾(ESI)串联质谱,多反应监测模式(MRM),外标法定量分析。5种双酚类化合物的线性范围为1~500 ng/L,方法检出限为0.05～0.15 ng/L,线性相关系数为0.998 7～0.999 7,精密度在2.54%～7.88%,三个水平的回收率在89.40%～104.2%,并应用4种不同类型环境水样成功进行分析。该方法可以同时测定环境水样中5种双酚类化合物,方法准确可靠、灵敏度高。     

分散液-液微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用检测白菜汁和橙子汁中11种农药残留

建立了基于分散液-液微萃取的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用对白菜汁、橙汁中11种痕量农药的富集和检测方法. 实验优化了各种分散液-液微萃取的影响因素,最终选择萃取剂为20μL 四氯化碳,分散剂为1.5mL 乙腈. 在最佳条件下各农药检出限低于0.25μg·L^-1,富集因子最高为636倍. 除氟硅唑和稻丰散回收率偏低外,大部分农药在白菜汁中的中、高浓度平均加标回收率在62.8%~119.7%,RSD在 2.66%~15.62%(n=3);在橙汁样品中的中、高浓度平均加标回收率在67.6%~112.8%,RSD在6.64%~15.98% (n=3). 实验结果表明,分散液-液微萃取技术具有操作简单、快捷、富集因子高、精密度高等特点,与GC-MS联用是检测蔬菜及水果汁中痕量农药残留的一种方便、高效的方法.     

Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model

Ice sheets may have reached the Equator in the late Proterozoic era (600-800 Myr ago), according to geological and palaeomagnetic studies, possibly resulting in a 'snowball Earth'. But this period was a critical time in the evolution of multicellular animals, posing the question of how early life survived under such environmental stress. Here we present computer simulations of this unusual climate stage with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model. To simulate a snowball Earth, we use only a reduction in the solar constant compared to present-day conditions and we keep atmospheric CO2 concentrations near present levels. We find rapid transitions into and out of full glaciation that are consistent with the geological evidence. When we combine these results with a general circulation model, some of the simulations result in an equatorial belt of open water that may have provided a refugium for multicellular animals.     

Gymnosperms on the eve of the terminal Permian mass extinction in North China and their survival strategies

Main characteristics of the Permian redbed gymnmprms in North China have been summarized: dominant peltasperms and conifers, numerous enigmatics such asGigantonoclea andPsygmophyllum, and abundant precursors of Mesozoic gymnosperm. Furthermore, stresses affecting these plants survival are suggested to be paleoatmospheric CO₂ concentration, water stress, wind and fire activities, und fungal infection. Consequently, a preliminary analysis accounts for the ecological strategies of these gymnosperms to the P-Tr event.     

混凝土热湿耦合数值计算中的参数拟合

为了更深入地研究混凝土中的湿度和温度场,根据多相体系非连续介质中的热湿耦合传导理论对混凝土的热湿状态和耦合传导进行了研究。使用高精度电容湿度测量仪器对混凝土预留孔中的空气含湿饱和度进行测量,发现测量值与混凝土相对含湿率在相对含湿率大于0.85小于1.0时存在线性关系,进而拟合了热湿耦合方程中的物理参数。耦合计算结果表明,这种拟合参数的物理意义明确、确定参数简便、数值稳定性好,为混凝土温湿度场计算提供了一种新的方法。     

鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆古气候及古水体特征的恢复及其地质意义

本文研究了鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆古气候变迁及古水体特征。研究结果表明：鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆古纬度为北纬31.03O,比现在所处的纬度（35.1 O）偏南4 O多,推测晚三叠世时鄂尔多斯湖盆气候温暖潮湿,生物繁盛,能够形成有机质丰富的烃源岩。利用泥岩B、Sr、Ba元素测试结果及Sr/Ba比值法,以及岩石碳酸盐岩胶结物稳定同位素分析表明,鄂尔多斯晚三叠世长8期—长6期湖盆是一个淡水湖盆,从长8期—长7期—长6期湖盆水体范围与深度经历了收缩—扩大—收缩的过程,纵向上构成了储层—烃源岩—储层的生储盖组合,从湖盆演化的特征上论证了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世油气勘探的实际意义。     

Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first-century glacier mass change in the Himalayas

Glaciers are among the best indicators of terrestrial climate variability, contribute importantly to water resources in many mountainous regions and are a major contributor to global sea level rise. In the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya region (HKKH), a paucity of appropriate glacier data has prevented a comprehensive assessment of current regional mass balance. There is, however, indirect evidence of a complex pattern of glacial responses in reaction to heterogeneous climate change signals. Here we use satellite laser altimetry and a global elevation model to show widespread glacier wastage in the eastern, central and south-western parts of the HKKH during 2003-08. Maximal regional thinning rates were 0.66?±?0.09 metres per year in the Jammu-Kashmir region. Conversely, in the Karakoram, glaciers thinned only slightly by a few centimetres per year. Contrary to expectations, regionally averaged thinning rates under debris-mantled ice were similar to those of clean ice despite insulation by debris covers. The 2003-08 specific mass balance for our entire HKKH study region was -0.21?±?0.05?m?yr(-1) water equivalent, significantly less negative than the estimated global average for glaciers and ice caps. This difference is mainly an effect of the balanced glacier mass budget in the Karakoram. The HKKH sea level contribution amounts to one per cent of the present-day sea level rise. Our 2003-08 mass budget of -12.8?±?3.5 gigatonnes (Gt) per year is more negative than recent satellite-gravimetry-based estimates of -5?±?3?Gt?yr(-1) over 2003-10 (ref. 12). For the mountain catchments of the Indus and Ganges basins, the glacier imbalance contributed about 3.5% and about 2.0%, respectively, to the annual average river discharge, and up to 10% for the Upper Indus basin.     

宽占空比交错控制的三绕组耦合电感DC/DC变换器

文章提出了一种新型交错连接三绕组耦合电感高增益DC/DC变换器。该变换器中,首先每个耦合电感的第二绕组分别与一个电容相串联构成准倍压单元,再与其原边绕组和主开关管S共同形成一相升压电路;其次每个耦合电感的第三绕组与该相开关管的钳位电容一起为另一相的准倍压单元进行充电,从而将两相电路进行交叉耦合;然后将耦合电感的原边进行交错并联。上述结构有以下优点:该变换器可以工作在较宽的占空比变化范围(0D1);每相电压和电流具有自动均分的功能;既能提高变换器的电压增益,又能降低功率器件的电压应力,同时具有灵活的高增益调整能力。笔者详细分析了所提变换器的工作原理,最后给出了实验结果以验证理论分析的正确性。     

水解酸化-好氧处理含油污水中微生物群落变化研究

为揭示水解酸化-好氧处理系统处理油田采出水过程中生物群落的变化规律,考察对不同水力停留时间(tHAT)下好氧池的生物相,提取水解酸化池和好氧池中菌体的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),以细菌通用引物对DNA V3高变异区聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增后进行变性梯废凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析.结果表明:当水解酸化池和好氧池的水力停留时间分别大于12和16 h时,镜检有高级原生动物,出水CODCr去除率大于58.73%,含油去除率大于98.61%;水解酸化-好氧处理工艺在不同tHRT条件下运行后,在形成的细菌群落中,既有相同的优势群落,也有各自特有的优势群落;随着tHRT的延长,水解酸化池中优势群落的种类和数量增加,当tHRT＞12 h时,优势群落变化较小,形成稳定的细菌群落,出水水质趋于稳定;随着tHRT的延长,好氧处理池中优势群落的种类和数量减少,当tHRT＞16 h时,优势群落变化较小,形成稳定的生态系统,出水水质趋于最佳.     

Stability of atmospheric CO2 levels across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary

The Triassic/Jurassic boundary, 208 million years ago, is associated with widespread extinctions in both the marine and terrestrial biota. The cause of these extinctions has been widely attributed to the eruption of flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This volcanic event is thought to have released significant amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, which could have led to catastrophic greenhouse warming, but the evidence for CO2-induced extinction remains equivocal. Here we present the carbon isotope compositions of pedogenic calcite from palaeosol formations, spanning a 20-Myr period across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. Using a standard diffusion model, we interpret these isotopic data to represent a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations of about 250 p.p.m. across the boundary, as compared with previous estimates of a 2,000-4,000 p.p.m. increase. The relative stability of atmospheric CO2 across this boundary suggests that environmental degradation and extinctions during the Early Jurassic were not caused by volcanic outgassing of CO2. Other volcanic effects-such as the release of atmospheric aerosols or tectonically driven sea-level change-may have been responsible for this event.     

微波消解-同位素稀释质谱法测量鱼中汞含量

建立了微波消解-同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ID-ICP-MS),用于测定国际物质量咨询委员会(CCQM)K43.1比对样品剑鱼中汞含量。对质谱测量汞的条件进行了优化,同时为了消除汞的记忆效应,比较了5%(体积分数)HNO₃、1‰(体积分数)2-巯基乙醇以及交替使用5μg/gAu和10μg/g EDTA3种方法对仪器的清洗效果。实验结果表明：射频功率1500～1600W,载气流速1.18L/min,取样深度7.5～6.9mm,积分时间0.4s条件下,能够获得准确的同位素比值;5μg/g Au和10μg/g EDTA溶液交替清洗在同样的洗涤时间内可使仪器本底最低。本文方法测定鱼中汞含量的平均值为(5.26±0.15)mg/kg, 在标准值(5.30±0.24)mg/kg的不确定度范围内。