浈江源地鱼类区系与全北区东洋区分界线的划分

在浈江上游亚历河采集到鱼类41种和亚种,既有老第三纪原始类群的后裔种类,又有南亚暖水性鱼类.东陂拟腹吸鳅,侧条光唇鱼,宽鳍等适应山溪急流生活的生态类群占明显优势,分隶于5目13科31属,以骨鳔类为主,其中鲤形目种类占56%,鲤科占鲤形目82.6%,根据该地鱼巴亚科占鲤科种类26.3%,以及东洋区鱼类占全部种类的36.2%,而鳊、鲴、鱼句、鲢、雅罗鱼五亚科种类仅占19.5%等特征,认为将南岭作为全北区与东洋区的分界线更为合理.     

Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective： A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling of tetrapeptide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-OMe and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment. Methods： Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide-sarcodactylamide. Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz. Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-OMe and Ala-Gly-OMe. Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method. The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif- ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Results： Synthesis of sarcodactylamide was accomplished with 〉78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as coupling agent. Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton＇s lymphoma ascites （DLA） and Ehrlich＇s ascites carcinoma （EAC） cell lines, in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp. Moreover, cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion： Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine （TEA） as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide. N-methyl morpholine （NMM） was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

D to H ratio and the origin and evolution of Titan's atmosphere

A value of 1.7 x 10(-3) has been reported for the ratio of CH3D to CH4 in the stratosphere of the saturnian moon Titan. A lower value of 6 x 10(-4) for this ratio in the deeper part of Titan's atmosphere was reported by de Bergh et al. For comparison we note that the CH3D to CH4 ratio on Saturn and Jupiter is 8.7 x 10(-5) and 6.7 x 10(-5), respectively. We estimate the uncertainties in all these observations and data reduction to be about a factor of 2. Despite these uncertainties it appears that Titan's atmosphere is enriched in deuterium by a factor of > or = 3 relative to Jupiter and Saturn. Potential causative factors examined here for this enrichment are condensation to form tropospheric methane clouds, fractionation occurring over a hypothetical CH4-C2H6 ocean and between the ocean and the clathrate crust beneath, fractionation which occurred during the formation of Titan and fractionation occurring as a result of the evolution of Titan's atmosphere. We conclude that the greater part of the observed fractionation is probably derived from the formation of Titan and the subsequent evolution of Titan's atmosphere driven by photochemistry.     

A theoretical exploration of the origin and early evolution of a pandemic

A virus that can cause a global pandemic must be highly adaptive to human conditions.Such adaptation is not likely to have emerged suddenly but,instead,may have...     

Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of Australasia

Oceanic islands have long served as natural laboratories for understanding the diversification of life. In particular, the many thousands of islands spanning the tropical Pacific support an unparalleled array of terrestrial communities whose patterns of diversity contributed fundamental insights to the development of classical speciation and biogeographic theory. Much of this work is founded on an assumption derived from traditional taxonomic approaches, namely that faunas on these widely separated archipelagos stem from a simple one-way, downstream flow of colonists from continents to islands. Here we show, with the use of molecular phylogenetic data from one of the original bird families used to justify this assumption, that a diverse array of endemic island genera and species are the product of a single radiation that diversified across all major Pacific archipelagos in a non-stepping-stone fashion, and recently recolonized continental areas. The geographic scope and lineage-specific approach of this study reveal evolutionary patterns long obscured by traditional taxonomic surveys and indicate that widely dispersed archipelagos can be sources of biological diversity.     

Evolutionary origin of a calcium-dependent protease by fusion of genes for a thiol protease and a calcium-binding protein?

Calcium-dependent protease (calcium protease) is apparently involved in a variety of cellular processes. Here we have attempted to clarify the role and regulatory mechanism of calcium protease by analysing its structure. The complete primary structure of calcium protease (relative molecular mass (Mr) 80,000 (80K), 705 amino acids) was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary DNA. The protein contains four distinct domains, and we have observed a marked similarity between the second and fourth domains and the papain-like thiol proteases and calmodulin-like calcium-binding proteins, respectively. This finding suggests that calcium protease arose from the fusion of genes for proteins of completely different function and evolutionary origin. Further, it provides functional insight into cellular regulatory mechanisms mediated by Ca2+ through calcium-binding proteins.     

一类非线性系统零解的全局渐近稳定性

利用函数方法,得到了系统{dx/dt=h(y)-F(x)dy/dt=-g(x)p(x,y)的零解全局渐近稳定的两个充分条件.     

一类非线性系统零解的全局渐近稳定牲

利用函数方法。得到了系统{dx/dt=h（y）-F（x） dy/dt=-g（x）p（x,y）的零解全局渐近稳定的两个充分条件。     

石灰泥岩——一种陆源机械成因的碳酸盐岩

石灰泥岩是束鹿凹陷含量最多的岩石类型之一,它分布于始新世沙河街组三段中下部,前人笼统地称之为泥灰岩.应用沉积学及同位素地球化学方法,对石灰泥岩的岩石类型进行详细的岩石学特征及成因研究.结果表明:研究区该类岩石结构组分主要为砂粒级、粉砂粒级碳酸盐成分的碎屑颗粒以及泥粒级的碳酸盐质点;岩石的碎屑结构较清楚;石灰泥岩和由同成分而不同粒级颗粒(碳酸盐成分的砾、砂、粉砂、泥质等)所构成的岩石在空间上相伴出现;岩石中氧同位素(δ18O)值为-9‰～-5‰,碳同位素(δ13C)值大于1‰,最大值为3.2‰;碳-氧同位素资料均显示受物源的影响明显,认为这是一种罕见的陆源机械成因的碳酸盐岩.     

一类非线性系统零解的全局渐近稳定性

利用函数方法,得到了系统■dx/dt=h(y)-F(x)dy/dt=-g(x)p(x,y)的零解全局渐近稳定的两个充分条件。     

天津蓟县晚更新世象化石分布与地貌特征

描述和对比了天津蓟县晚更新世地层发现的纳玛象、诺氏象第二门齿及第三臼齿化石,由于4处化石发现地均在天津蓟县,相互之间距离很近,且都在山前丘陵和平原区内,故具有一定的地域特点,小范围内发现古菱齿象属的2个种,在北方具有一定代表性,说明在晚更新世温暖期中,蓟县由于特殊地貌所形成的森林茂盛、淡水充沛、气候温和的特点,更适合象及其他如鹿、牛、羊等大型哺乳动物的生长和繁殖．     

密度泛函理论的电负性均衡值与稀土氧化物超导性

提出确定稀土氧化物中元素电负性均衡值Xcq的计算公式，并用该式计算了200多种稀土氧化物超导体的电负性均衡值Xcq，得出了稀土氧化物的超导性与稀土氧化物电负性均衡值之间的关系．结果表明，稀土氧化物超导体的电负性均衡值Xcq多数集中在1．654-2．650之间，而电负性均衡值在此范围之外的稀土氧化物一般不具有超导性．因此，电负性均衡值Xcq可作为稀土氧化物超导性的新的经验判据，这对进一步探讨稀土氧化物的超导机制有一定意义．     

混凝土路面裂缝的成因与防治

阐述了水泥混凝土路面的破坏类型以及裂缝的主要表现形式,着重分析了水泥混凝土路面产生裂缝的成因,并提出了一些相应的预防及处理措施.     

急性冷暴露与持续冷驯化对中缅树鼩膈肌和心肌线粒体呼吸的影响

在急性冷驯化阶段(1h,4h,8h),中缅树膈肌线粒体状态IV呼吸与对照比较8小时组有显著的增强,心肌线粒体状态IV呼吸与对照比较在4小时和8小时有显著增强;在持续冷驯化阶段(1d,7d,14d,28d),中缅树膈肌和心肌线粒体状态IV呼吸与对照比较均有所增强,其中28天组增强十分显著。这一系列变化对于探讨中缅树膈肌与心肌在冷驯化中质子漏产热特征具有一定的意义。     

Sm-Nd evidence for the age and origin of a Mississippi Valley Type ore deposit

MISSISSIPPI Valley Type (MVT) ore deposits represent the relatively common product of large-scale fluid transport in the continental lithosphere, yet the models for their genesis have been more controversial and unconstrained than those of any other class of giant ore deposit(1,2). Here we show that Sm-Nd isotope data can be used to determine the age and origin of an MVT deposit. Sm-Nd data for fluorites from the North Pennine orefield are difficult to explain unless some of the mineralization is of Mesozoic rather than the traditionally accepted Palaeozoic age. Furthermore, the Nd and Sr isotopie compositions of the fluorites do not support a variety of recent models that include derivation of the components from the mantle, the Lower Palaeozoic basement or the underlying buried granite which served to focus the flow of hydrothermal fluids.     

“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

服装表演的起源与演变

按时间序列论述服装表演的起源与变迁,探讨其发展历程与演变趋势.结果表明,时装表演来源于一种称之为"玩偶模特"的法国宫廷礼品及其随后出现的玩偶时装表演.19世纪中叶,英国服装设计师C.F.沃思开创了真人时装表演之先河,造就了"模特小姐"职业.20世纪初,商业活动、经济发展与科技进步促使时装表演从街头走向舞台,从单纯的商业行为演变为一种新型艺术表演形式.近年来,经济全球化,电视、互联网的普及以及商业竞争的加剧使得时装表演向多元化方向演变:专业性服装表演不再局限于高档次、高规格、大规模的舞台展示,而且出现在街头与露天,追求标新立异与轰动效应;业余表演反而更加关注舞台、灯光、乐队的层次,刻意迎合演出的主题、档次与水平.模特大赛、选美大赛以及艺术院校、模特培训机构造就了一批专业名模,但超级名模的发现与成长,"星探"的作用不可小觑.模特行业与舞蹈、戏剧、艺术、体育运动等行业相互交融,模特职业已渗透到文化、艺术、公关等社会领域.在中国内地,表演的服装存在着过分重视艺术性而忽视商业性、实用性问题.年轻设计师甚至艺术院校大学生的作品充满了奇思妙想,但很难实现批量生产和走进市场.