TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯的研究

以TiSiW12O40/TiO2为催化剂,用没食子酸与正丙醇直接酯化合成了抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯(PG),通过正交试验确定了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间对PG收率的影响.得到的最佳工艺条件为:醇酸物质的量比为8∶1,催化剂用量为没食子酸质量的2%,反应时间为3 h,PG的收率可达95.1%.实验表明,该催化剂用于合成PG具有极好的催化活性和重复使用性.     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成没食子酸丙酯

以壳聚糖硫酸盐为催化剂,用没食子酸与正丙醇直接酯化合成了没食子酸丙酯(PG),用正交试验确定了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对PG收率的影响.得到了最佳工艺条件为:醇酸摩尔比为10∶1,催化剂用量为1.0g,反应时间为4h,PG的收率可达91.3%.实验表明,该催化剂用于合成PG具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

以没食子酸和正丁醇为原料，采用一水合硫酸氢钠作催化剂合成没食子酸正丁酯．研究了一水合硫酸氢钠用量、正丁醇用量和反应时间对没食子酸正丁酯收率的影响．当没食子酸，正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为1：15：0.034。回流分水5h，酯收率达92．3％．     

硅胶载体酸催化合成没食子酸正丙酯

采用硅胶载体酸为催化剂,合成了没食子酸正丙酯.给出了最佳的酯化条件催化剂用量12%(与没食子酸质量比),酸醇摩尔比1∶6,反应时间4.5h,反应温度105～110℃,酯产率可达87%.     

硅胶载体酸催化合成没食子酸正丙酯

采用硅胶载体酸为催化剂，合成了没食子酸正丙酯，给出了最佳的酯化条件：催化剂用量12％（与没食子酸质量比），酸醇摩尔比1：6，反应时间4.5h，反应温度105－110℃，醇产率可达87％。     

纳米固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3催化合成没食子酸正丁酯的研究

以FeCl3盐溶液为原料制备了纳米固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/Fe2O3,透射电镜(TEM)测定结果表明粒径约100nm,探讨了催化剂焙烧温度、焙烧时间对催化剂性能的影响.以纳米固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3为催化剂,由没食子酸与正丁醇直接酯化合成没食子酸正丁酯.通过正交实验研究了影响没食子酸正丁酯产率的主要因素,得到最优实验条件为:醇酸物质的量比为6/1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3%,反应时间为2h.其中反应时间为主要影响因素.     

食品抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯的合成

本文报导了以没食子酸和丙醇为原料合成没食子酸丙酯的多种合成方法,其中最有价值的是以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂和烃类带水的酯化法。该法有操作简单、安全、易纯化等优点,收率高于87%。没食子酸丙酯是通用的食品抗氧化剂,应用试验表明,它能阻延油脂和油基食品的氧化变质。     

阳离子交换树脂催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

以酸化的732型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，醇酸直接酯化合成没食子酸正丁酯．对醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间进行了正交试验，得出最佳工艺条件为：醇酸摩尔比为15：1，催化剂用量为没食子酸质量的50％，反应时间10h．     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸系列酯

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiWl2O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，对以乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇和丙酸为原料合成丙酸系列酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明TiSiWl2O40／TiO2是合成丙酸系列酯的良好催化剂。通过较系统地研究醇酸的物质的量的比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对酯收率的影响，得到合成丙酸系列酯的最佳反应条件。     

复配型杂多酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯

以富马酸和甲醇酯化合成了富马酸二甲酯(DMF),比较了各类催化剂的性能,选择磷钼酸/对甲苯磺酸复配型杂多酸作为最优催化剂,进行单因素探索实验,确定了最佳反应条件:醇酸物质的量比为6:1,催化剂用量为富马酸质量的4%,反应时间为2 h.收率为90%以上.结果表明该复配型杂多酸催化酯化反应时间短、收率高、催化性能好,对设备...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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