The influence of different nutrients on plasma cholecystokinin levels in the rat

Isocaloric and isovolemic amounts of protein (casein), fat (intralipid) and carbohydrate (saccharose) and an isovolemic control solution of water were administered intragastrically to conscious rats. The plasma CCK levels, determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, showed an increment of 6.3 +/- 0.6, 2.7 +/- 0.5, 1.7 +/- 0.4 and -0.9 +/- 0.4 pM, respectively (basal value 2.5 +/- 0.3 pM). The threshold increment of plasma CCK to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion by exogenous CCK was found to be 1.5 pM. It is therefore concluded that casein is a potent stimulus for CCK secretion and pancreatic secretion, but that fat and even carbohydrate, although less potent, also produce a CCK increment above the threshold for pancreatic secretion.     

The influence of different nutrients on plasma cholecystokinin levels in the rat

Summary Isocaloric and isovolemic amounts of protein (casein), fat (intralipid) and carbohydrate (saccharose) and an isovolemic control solution of water were administered intragastrically to conscious rats. The plasma CCK levels, determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, showed an increment of 6.3±0.6, 2.7±0.5, 1.7±0.4 and –0.9±0.4 pM, respectively (basal value 2.5±0.3 pM). The threshold increment of plasma CCK to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion by exogenous CCK was found to be 1.5 pM. It is therefore concluded that casein is a potent stimulus for CCK secretion and pancreatic secretion, but that fat and even carbohydrate, although less potent, also produce a CCK increment above the threshold for pancreatic secretion.Supported by Grant IKW 86-16 from the Netherlands Cancer Foundation KWF.     

The question of lens regeneration from parts of the optic vesicle in the chick embryo

Résumé Après excision du cristallin des yeux d'embryons de poulet de 48–72 h d'incubation les vésicules optiques étaient cultivées in vitro ou sur le chorio-allantoöide d'autres embryons. Elles étaient cultivées en quelques cas seules et en autres cas avec l'ectoderme céphalique. Nouveaux cristallins ne se formaient que si l'ectoderme céphalique était inclus avec la vésicule optique et si les vésicules étaient prélevées des jeunes embryons. On peut conclure que les nouveaux cristallins se forment dans l'ectoderme céphalique par induction. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune évidence de régénération du cristallin des tissus de l'oeil.

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This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Council of Canada to D. J. McCallion.     

The terpenoid parts of kamolone and kamolol ofFerula penninervis

Zusammenfassung Neue Strukturvorschläge für den terpenoiden Teil zweier Inhaltsstoffe ausFerula penninervis.     

The regeneration of accessory limb parts following epidermal cap transplantation in urodeles

Résumé Les événements morphogénétiques qui suivent le greffage d'un blastème apical à la face préaxiale d'un membre antérieur en voie régénératrice, chezAmbystoma, sont tout à fait normaux, mais le niveau où se localise le régénérat accessoire est différent selon l'espèce utilisé. Ces résultats sont discutés au point de vue du stimulus d'agrégation des cellules appartenant au régénérat accessoire.

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This work was supported by a research grant (NB 04128) from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health.     

The distribution of acid deposition in Germany

Summary The distribution of acid deposition by atmospheric precipitation in the Federal Republic of Germany is discussed, based on investigations of the wet H⁺-deposition during the five years 1980–1984, using a network of 16 automated samplers of our own construction located in various categories of ecosystems. Analytical problems of sampling and the electrometric determination of pH in rainwater are briefly discussed. Results for the average amounts of precipitation, the average H⁺-concentrations and average H⁺-depositions in the 16 typical regions of the Federal Republic of Germany are compared and the influences of meteorological parameters are discussed. An increase of the H⁺-concentration and H⁺-deposition values has been observed from 1980 onwards with a maximum in 1981 and a slow decrease in the next two years. The comparison of the values found for rural regions with those for more significantly polluted regions shows that in the latter regions the removal of H⁺-ions by wash-out is more effective. Whereas in the Ruhr region the pH is shifted to more acid values, due to the wash-out of acid particles and aerosols, in regions with metallurgical industry the pH is shifted to more alkaline values due to the wash-out of alkaline particles. In general the free acid in rain and snow is rather uniformly distributed over the whole area as a result of mesoscalic transport of the acid precursors SO₂ and NO_x and the concomitant formation of acid in the cloud droplets leading to acid deposition by rain-out. The composition of rainwater and the possibility of determining the proportion of the acid anions in rain which are of anthropogenic origin is briefly discussed.Deseased (May 12th, 1985).     

The distribution of quinone pigments in echinoderms

Zusammenfassung Das Vorkommen chinonoider Pigmente bei allen Echinodermen deutet auf eine Beziehung zwischen Seeigeln und Schlangensternen, ebenso zwischen Seesternen und Seewalzen hin. Die Verteilung der Sterine und der Saponine weisen in dieselbe Richtung. Die klassische embryologische Theorie stützt diese Verwandtschaftsauffassung.     

The nucleocytoplasmic distribution of 3-O-methylglucose in the amphibian oocyte.

Ultra-low temperature microdissection was employed to determine the in situ nucleocytoplasmic distribution 3-O-methylglucose in the amphibian oocyte. The nucleocytoplasmic partition ratio, Kn/c, for this non-metabolizable monosaccharide was 1.54 +/- 0.08. The observed asymmetry could be explained by the differential solubility of the solute in the water of the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.     

A method for the isolation of the parts of ciliates

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode für selektive Solubilisierung der Zellen und verschiedener Organellen von Ciliaten, welche auf einer speziellen Anwendung der MethodeMazia undDan zur Gewinnung isolierter Mitoseapparate von Seeigeleiern beruht, wird beschrieben. Die Ciliaten werden bei niedriger Temperatur in 40% Ethanol extrahiert und mit Digitonin behandelt. In salzfreier Digitoninlösung (1% aq) bleiben nur das Wimpernsystem und damit verbundene Strukturen erhalten und können in genügender Menge für chemische Analysen gewonnen werden. Durch Zugabe verschiedener Mengen von KCl ist es möglich, auch Zellkerne, Pellicula, usw. vor der Auflösung zu schützen und durch differentielle Zentrifugierung zu isolieren.

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This investigation was supported by the American Cancer Society, recommended by the Committee on Growth, National Research Council.     

The subcellular distribution of lysergic acid diethylamide in the rat brain

Résumé Quinze min après une injection i.p. de LSD, près de 48% de la drogue présente dans le cerveau fut trouvée dans le surnageant, 20% dans la fraction nucléaire, 15% dans la fraction synaptosomale, 6% dans la fraction microsomale, 5% dans la fraction myélinique et près de 1,7% dans la fraction mitochondriale. Les fractions synaptosomale et mitochondriale sont presque saturées en LSD lors d'une injection de 10 mg/kg de LSD.

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Acknowledgment. I thank Dr.J. Knopp for his help with the spectrophotoflourometric analysis.     

The distribution of some enzymes involved in the steroidogenesis of hen's ovary

Riassunto È stata studiata con metodi istochimici la distribuzione della ⁵-3-idrossisteroide deidrogenasi ( ⁵-3-HSDH) e delle 17-idrossisteroide deidrogenasi (17-HSDH), DPN- e TPN-dipendenti, nell'ovario di gallina ovulante. Mentre la ⁵-3-HSDH è presente in tutti i tessuti a secrezione steroide dell'ovario, la 17-HSDH è localizzata solo nelle cellule della granulosa.     

The distribution of acidic mucopolysaccharides in corneal stroma

Résumé La distribution des mucopolysaccharides acides dans le stroma cornéen est examinée. Tous les mucopolysaccharides se trouvent sur les fibrilles de collagene, tandis qu'il n'y en a pas entre les fibrilles.