2v-SSPC-一种不平衡数据分类方法

针对现有分类算法通常对不平衡数据挖掘表现出有偏性,即正类样本(通常是更重要的一类)的分类和预测性能差于负类样本的分类和预测性能,提出一种不平衡数据分类方法。该方法通过一个超球面将两类数据以最大分离比率分离,并且引入两个参数来分别控制两类错分率的上界,不仅提高了不平衡数据集的分类和预测的性能,而且大大缩小了参数的选择范围。在UCI真实数据上进行了实验,并采用ROC曲线下面积作为评估指标进行比较,结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Boulding's typology elaborated: A framework for understanding school and classroom systems

The scope of current educational reform themes is wide. Power is shifted from central governments to local, from administrative office to school site, from principal to teachers, from teacher to students. This is hopeful because traditional reform efforts have been counterproductive. These new themes parallel a worldwide paradigm shift from viewing relationships as monocausal and top-down regulating to interactive and self-regulating. The new themes are also problematic because resulting reform efforts are conflicting, proposing either control or flexibility, which increases harmful out-comes. This paper elaborates Boulding's typology of system complexity drawing from education and related disciplines. The elaboration unifies conflicting perspectives and explains why school reforms fail. Agency in change is clarified. The change model that results highlights system adjustment capacities and specifies both control and flexibility: control of morphostatic subsystems for maintaining access to resources of time, materials, equipment, and energy; and flexibility in morphogenic subsystems for learning, growth, and differentiation.     

Trends in A8 migration to the UK during the recession

A substantial proportion of contemporary migration flows to the UK are made by nationals from countries which have recently joined the EU. The nature of A8 migration during the recession is examined in this paper, mainly using data from the Worker Registration Scheme. The recession has seen a decline in new A8 migrants entering the UK labour market, but the decline has been sectorally uneven, with demand for migrant labour being most persistent in the agricultural sector, raising questions about why this part of the UK economy is so different.     

中部五省地区农业发展战略研究

中部五省地区是我国农业发达地区之一，本区的农业发展对全国而言具有特别重要的意义。在分析中部五省地区农业在全国的战略地位的基础上，提出了本区农业发展战略目标及五大农业生产基地建设布局构想，最后探讨了促进本区农业持续稳定发展的战略措施。表2，参5。     

A new statistical approach for the analysis of uncertain systems

This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistic robustness analysis. The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, the authors show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other. This research is supported in part by grants from NASA (NCC5-573), LEQSF (NASA /LEQSF(2001-04)-01), the NNSFC Young Investigator Award for Overseas Collaborative Research (60328304) and a NNSFC grant (10377004).     

A hybrid model of knowledge management for new service development

Although many theories regarding the implementation of knowledge management (KM) in organizations have been proposed and studied, most applications tend to stand alone without incorporating the business processes. Different categories of knowledge provide different benefits and how to integrate various categories of KM into a hybrid approach as an effective KM manner remains strategically important, and yet is still understudied. Therefore, in this paper a hybrid model that integrates principal KM applications for new service development (NSD) and the measurement of the resulting financial benefits have been developed. The proposed KM model incorporates newsgroups, knowledge forums, knowledge asset management and knowledge application processes as a hybrid means for sharing organizational knowledge along two axes, explicit vs. implicit and individual vs. collective. One of the largest management consulting companies in Taiwan, China, whose process model of NSD was standing alone with KM applications, was selected for the case study. A set of hybrid KM processes was developed to implement the proposed KM model, and it illustrates an application with greater financial benefits for integrating hybrid KM practices into the business process. Based on knowledge value added (KVA) validation, the proposed KM model provides a new operating system for sharing NSD knowledge within an organization. Through the case study by measuring the achieved financial results, the proposed KM model is found to provide an exclusive hybrid platform with an empirical process model to address innovative approaches and practical values of KM within an organization.     

机器修理模型分析的新方法

进一步研究服务设备可修的机器修理模型,在引入服务设备的"广义忙期"的基础上,提出了一种新的分析方法--分解法.应用该方法,重新讨论了服务设备的两个主要可靠性指标,即在时刻t服务设备失效的概率和(0,t]内失效的平均次数,而且进一步得到服务设备的这两个主要可靠性指标的重要的分解关系式.     

Discordant pluralism: A new strategy for critical systems thinking

Systems science is characterised by a huge diversity of theories and practical applications which have arisen since its inception. Each of these theories and ways of practising systems science has legitimate claims for its ability to handle certain kinds of systems problems. Dealing with this diversity can be seen as a critical issue for systems thinking and practice. One approach to handling this rich diversity has been to attempt to capture it in frameworks which align features and positions in a “complementarist” fashion. By reviewing work undertaken by systems thinkers who have advocated such a stance, it will be demonstrated that complementarism has its faults, and can be perceived as an imperialist strategy. A route out of the impasse will be suggested through the use of a form of discordant pluralism, which, if taken up, has the potential for bringing together conflicting perspectives in a new constellation.     

亚热带山区农作物适宜性的决策分析研究

决策分析是实现管理科学化、现代化的关键,也是运用系统工程理论指导农业生产规划的重要手段之一。以福建省浦城县为例,对全县50年来15种主要作物的产量趋势和稳定性进行决策分析,并提出发展建议,为生产决策提供科学依据。     

我国农用地分等定级理论与方法探讨

通过对级差地租理论和农业生产特点的分析研究，认为农用地评价的客体是作为生产资料的土地，评价的直接对象是能充分体现土地生产和劳动消耗差别的土地质量，提出土地生产率差别是农用地分等的依据，而劳动消耗差别是农用地定级的依据。在此基础上，分别构建了农用地分等和定级的数学模型方法。图3，参5。     

绿洲灌区节水型种植业结构优化对策研究

采用系统分析方法，以张掖市甘州区为例，时典型绿洲灌区种植业结构的现状和发展进行了分析，提出了基于传统节水农业技术体系和高新节水枝术体系的优化节水型种植业结构。构建了以优化作物灌溉制度，压粮扩经，强化饲料作物生产，加强带田生产技术研发和应用，以种子和蔬菜产业为突破口，实现节水与增效目标的种植业结构优化对策。表4，参6。     

基于交叉熵的特征提取与河流区域的目标检测

基于交叉熵提出了一种新的参数来衡量河流区域与其他区域的区别。该参数能在河流区域很好地进行舰船检测与桥梁检测。通过确定河流的边界,舰船和桥梁只在河流区域进行检测,所以绝大部分的虚警点都被消除。利用日本新泻地区的X波段全极化数据进行验证,表明该方法具有良好的检测性能。     

相同并行机上工件排序问题的一种新算法

根据工件排序问题的特点,建立了在相同种类的并行机上加工一批相同种类工件的优化数学模型。在蚂蚁系统的基础上对其进行了改进,并把改进的蚂蚁系统用于工件排序问题的优化中。通过与其他算法的仿真比较表明,该基于蚂蚁系统的算法是有效的,特别是问题规模很大时更显示其较快的收敛速度和较高的精度。     

A new procedure for testing normality based on the L 2 Wasserstein distance

This paper proposes a new goodness-of-fit test for normality based on the L ₂ Wasserstein distance. The authors first construct a probability through the Bootstrap resampling. Although the probability is not distributed uniformly on the interval (0, 1) under the null hypothesis, it is shown that its distribution is free from the unknown parameters, which indicates that such a probability can be taken as the test statistic. It emerges from the simulation study of power that the new test is able to better discriminate between the normal distribution and those distributions with short tails. For such alternatives, it has a substantially better power than existing tests including the Anderson-Darling test and Shapiro-Wilk test, which are two of the best tests for normality. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of tests is also investigated in the presence of moderate perturbation, which shows that the new test is a rather robust test.     

A proportional 3-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model for screening new product projects

It is critically important for companies to screen new product projects before they are launched to the market. So far, many approaches have been developed for tackling the process of screening product innovations. Due to uncertain, vague and incomplete information as well as dynamically complex process regarding to new product development (NPD), a fuzzy linguistic approach employed linguistic assessments and the fuzzy-set-based computation is reasonable for screening new products. However, such a fuzzy linguistic approach faces with various defects and limitations, such as loss of information, failing in considering the aspects related to human nature on uncertain subjective judgments etc. These defects and limitations lead to a dilemma, i.e., it’s very difficult to screen new product projects reasonably and precisely. In this paper, we propose a notion of proportional 3-tuple to represent a linguistic assessment and related ignoring information, and a preference-preserving proportional 3-tuple transformation for the unification of linguistic assessments represented by proportional 3-tuples between two different linguistic term sets. On this basis, a proportional 3-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model for screening new product projects is developed. It is shown that the proposed model is flexible to handle uncertain, vague and incomplete information related to screening new product projects. It not only allows evaluators to express their subjective judgments with different confidence levels, but is also able to deal with incomplete linguistic assessments. Ultimately, the proposed model also improves the precision and reasonability of the screening result.     

黑土区大豆高效组合施肥技术试验研究

试验研究了有机肥、生物肥、化学肥料组合施肥技术对大豆产量、经济效益、土壤有机质含量的影响。结果表明,组合施肥各处理较单施化肥,产量提高1.70%～18.41%,土壤有机质含量提高0.06～0.23个百分点,经济效益处理A：有机肥 土壤磷素活化剂 化肥（磷1/2）比对照增加18.8%,处理C：有机肥 酵素菌肥 化肥（全量的2/3）增加24.5%。     

A new neural network-based adaptive ILC for nonlinear discrete-time systems with dead zone scheme

By introducing a dead-zone scheme, a new neural network based adaptive iterative learning control (ILC) (NN-AILC) scheme is presented for nonlinear discrete-time systems, where the NN weights are time-varying. The most distinct contribution of the proposed NN-AILC is the relaxation of the identical conditions of initial state and reference trajectory, which are common requirements in traditional ILC problems. Convergence analysis indicates that the tracking error converges to a bounded ball, whose size is determined by the dead-zone nonlinearity. Computer simulations verify the theoretical results. This research is supported by General Program (60774022) and State Key Program (60834001) of National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Doctoral Foundation of Qingdao University of Science & Technology (0022324).     

A new cascading failure model with delay time in congested complex networks

Cascading failures often occur in congested complex networks. Cascading failures can be expressed as a three-phase process: generation, diffusion, and dissipation of congestion. Different from the betweenness centrality, a congestion function is proposed to represent the extent of congestion on a given node. Inspired by the restart process of a node, we introduce the concept of “delay time,” during which the overloaded node cannot receive or forward any traffic, so an intergradation between permanent removal and nonremoval is built and the flexibility of the presented model is demonstrated. Considering the connectivity of a network before and after cascading failures is not cracked because the overloaded node are not removed from network permanently in our model, a new evaluation function of network efficiency is also proposed to measure the damage caused by cascading failures. Finally, we investigate the effects of network structure and size, delay time, processing ability, and traffic generation speed on congestion propagation. Cascading processes composed of three phases and some factors affecting cascade propagation are uncovered as well.     

寒区草莓无土栽培品种与基质筛选试验

利用日光节能温室进行冬季无土栽培品种与基质筛选试验。结果表明：全明星、哈尼和鬼努甘等品种表现优良;食用菌废料 珍珠岩、食用菌废料 炉渣（比例分别为2：1、2：1.5)组成的基质适于草莓无土栽培。     

江苏省第一产业内部结构调整的数学模型与策略分析

采用定性分析和线性回归相结合的方法确定了线性规划模型的约束条件，建立了江苏省第一产业内部结构调整的结性规划数学模型，制定了江苏省“十五”期间农业内部结构调整的方案；分析了江苏省农业内部结构语的重点及调整对策。表1，参10。