Expression of two myogenic regulatory factors myogenin and MyoD1 during mouse embryogenesis

MyoD1 and myogenin are muscle-specific proteins which can convert non-myogenic cells in culture to differentiated muscle fibres, implicating them in myogenic determination. The pattern of expression of MyoD1 and myogenin during the early stages of muscle formation in the mouse embryo in vivo and in limb-bud explants cultured in vitro, indicates that they may have different functions in different types of muscle during development.     

Muscle-specific gene expression controlled by a regulatory element lacking a MyoD1-binding site

Muscle-specific expression of the gene encoding the delta subunit of the acetylcholine receptor is controlled by a 54-base-pair region that does not contain a binding site for MyoD1, a protein involved in activation of the myogenic program. A MyoD1-binding site is present in the proximal promoter region of the gene encoding the delta-subunit, but is neither sufficient nor necessary for muscle-specific expression in transfected muscle cells.     

汞对土壤脲酶的抑制动力学研究

采用实验室模拟的方法研究了重金属汞对2个草甸棕壤和2个黑土脲酶特征参数的影响.结果表明,同一类型土壤,有机质含量与脲酶特征参数之间关系密切Hg明显抑制脲酶活性,二者之间呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)对数负相关关系,根据相应方程计算得到4个供试土样生态剂量(ED50)值分别为45.75、5.41、10.81和12.41mg/kg.随Hg浓度增加,脲酶动力学参数Km、Vmax和Vmax/Km均减小,除个别处理外,Hg浓度与3参数之间均达到显著或极显著负相关,揭示出脲酶特征参数可从不同角度表征汞对土壤脲酶活性的影响,作用类型表现为典型的反竞争性抑制现象.     

Induction of c-fos during myelomonocytic differentiation and macrophage proliferation

Previous studies have suggested a role for c-fos in cellular differentiation in fetal membranes, haematopoietic cells and teratocarcinoma stem cells. In other cell types, such as fibroblasts, c-fos expression is normally very low, but is rapidly induced by peptide growth factors, implicating c-fos in growth control mechanisms. Here, we show that the TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced macrophage-like differentiation of HL60 human promyelocytic precursor cells is accompanied by the induction of both c-fos mRNA and protein within 15 min after treatment, suggesting a functional role for c-fos in this differentiation system. In quiescent terminally differentiated macrophages, expression of c-fos is inducible by the macrophage-specific growth factor colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). The kinetics of c-fos induction, however, are entirely different from those in growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts, supporting the view that the c-fos gene product may serve different functions in different cell types.     

Effects of lanthanum and gadolinium on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts

The effects of La3 and Gd3 on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells (ROB cells) were evaluated by MTT method, measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Oil red O measurement. Both of La3 and Gd3 inhibited the proliferation of ROB cells at all concentrations (1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×10-7, 1×10-8, 1×10-9 mol·L-1). La3 at concentration of 1×10-5mol·L-1 significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROB cells up to 3 folds (P<0.01). However, the effects reversed to inhibit at other concentrations. Gd played a negative role in the alkaline phosphatase activity. La3 inhibited the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at all concentrations in a dose-dependent way. However, Gd promoted the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at 1×10 and 1×10 mol·L . These findings suggested that the effects of rare earth elements on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells were dependent on their concentrations and species.     

Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in some non-phagocytic cells are implicated in mitogenic signalling and cancer. Many cancer cells show increased production of ROS, and normal cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide or superoxide show increased proliferation and express growth-related genes. ROS are generated in response to growth factors, and may affect cell growth, for example in vascular smooth-muscle cells. Increased ROS in Ras-transformed fibroblasts correlates with increased mitogenic rate. Here we describe the cloning of mox1, which encodes a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, gp91phox. mox1 messenger RNA is expressed in colon, prostate, uterus and vascular smooth muscle, but not in peripheral blood leukocytes. In smooth-muscle cells, platelet-derived growth factor induces mox1 mRNA production, while antisense mox1 mRNA decreases superoxide generation and serum-stimulated growth. Overexpression of mox1 in NIH3T3 cells increases superoxide generation and cell growth. Cells expressing mox1 have a transformed appearance, show anchorage-independent growth and produce tumours in athymic mice. These data link ROS production by Mox1 to growth control in non-phagocytic cells.     

Effects of lanthanum and gadolinium on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts

The effects of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells (ROB cells) were evaluated by MTT method， measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Oil red O measurement. Both of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ inhibited the proliferation of ROB cells at all concentrations (1×10^-5, 1×10^-6, 1×10^-7, 1×10^-8, 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1). La³⁺ at concentration of 1×10^-5 mol?L^-1 significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROB cells up to 3 folds (P<0.01). However, the effects reversed to inhibit at other concentrations. Gd³⁺ played a negative role in the alkaline phosphatase activity. La³⁺ inhibited the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at all concentrations in a dose-dependent way. However, Gd³⁺ promoted the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at 1×10^-8 and 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1. These findings suggested that the effects of rare earth elements on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells were dependent on their concentrations and species     

抑制荧光法测定阿魏酸钠含量

基于阿魏酸钠对血红蛋白催化H2O2氧化L-酪氨酸的抑制作用提出抑制荧光法测定阿魏酸钠的含量,讨论了测定阿魏酸钠的最佳条件.结果表明:在优化的条件下,阿魏酸钠浓度在6.00×10-8～1.60×10-6 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为1.80×10-8 mol·L-1.此方法用于阿魏酸钠片剂中阿魏酸钠含量的分析,获得满意结果.     

RASA1通过调控Ras-MAPK通路抑制滋养细胞的增殖迁移功能

目的:探索RASA1对滋养细胞HTR-8/Svneo功能的调控作用及机制.方法:收集不明原因复发性流产(URSA)患者胚胎绒毛组织.Western blot检测绒毛组织及HTR-8/Svneo细胞中RASA1表达水平,以及Ras-MAPK通路中关键蛋白Ras活化和p38 MAPK磷酸化水平.CCK-8及划痕实验检测HT...     

木犀草素抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化

为研究木犀草素在3T3-L1前脂肪细胞成脂分化过程中的作用,文章探讨木犀草素抑制脂质沉积的作用机制,选取3T3-L1前脂肪细胞作为研究对象,在其分化过程中添加木犀草素,利用噻唑蓝(MTT)实验研究木犀草素对3T3-L1增殖的作用;利用油红O染色确定其对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞脂肪化的影响;利用定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测木犀草素对3T3-L1脂肪化相关基因的表达影响。结果表明,20μmol/L的木犀草素可以降低3T3-L1细胞的脂肪化,减少脂质聚集,并且降低了3T3-L1细胞中脂肪化相关基因Pparγ、C/EBPα、Ap2和Fas等基因的表达。     

Cell fusion-independent differentiation of neural stem cells to the endothelial lineage

Somatic stem cells have been claimed to possess an unexpectedly broad differentiation potential (referred to here as plasticity) that could be induced by exposing stem cells to the extracellular developmental signals of other lineages in mixed-cell cultures. Recently, this and other experimental evidence supporting the existence of stem-cell plasticity have been refuted because stem cells have been shown to adopt the functional features of other lineages by means of cell-fusion-mediated acquisition of lineage-specific determinants (chromosomal DNA) rather than by signal-mediated differentiation. In this study we co-cultured mouse neural stem cells (NSCs), which are committed to become neurons and glial cells, with human endothelial cells, which form the lining of blood vessels. We show that in the presence of endothelial cells six per cent of the NSC population converted to cells that did not express neuronal or glial markers, but instead showed the stable expression of multiple endothelial markers and the capacity to form capillary networks. This was surprising because NSCs and endothelial cells are believed to develop from the ectoderm and mesoderm, respectively. Experiments in which endothelial cells were killed by fixation before co-culture with live NSCs (to prevent cell fusion) and karyotyping analyses, revealed that NSCs had differentiated into endothelial-like cells independently of cell fusion. We conclude that stem-cell plasticity is a true characteristic of NSCs and that the conversion of NSCs to unanticipated cell types can be accomplished without cell fusion.