SBAR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养与除污效果研究

以好氧-厌氧耦合反应器中的活性污泥为种泥,采用通过控制运行条件在SBAR中成功地培养出了好氧颗粒污泥。研究表明,该好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的去除COD和TOC的性能。好氧颗粒污泥成熟后平均直径为0.5~2.0mm,沉降速度为14.9~31.8m/h,反应器对COD和TOC的去除率分别小于91.42%和93.46%。     

污泥负荷对好氧颗粒污泥运行稳定性的影响

为实现好氧颗粒污泥的工业化应用,以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,在气升式间歇反应器(SBAR)中培养好氧颗粒污泥,探讨在颗粒污泥成熟后,不同的污泥负荷对好氧颗粒污泥运行稳定性的影响。结果表明:污泥负荷过高或过低都会对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性有所影响。在SBAR中,污泥负荷为1 kg/(kg.d)时,好氧颗粒污泥的沉降性能和降解效果均好于污泥负荷为0.6和1.4 kg/(kg.d)时,其SVI平均为28.04 mL/g,COD、氨氮的去除率分别为91.37%和86.04%。当反应器运行77 d时粒径大于0.6 mm的颗粒仍占6.13%。     

内循环塔式好氧颗粒污泥反应器处理玉米淀粉生产废水

研究采用一种新型内循环塔式好氧颗粒污泥反应器,以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥作为接种污泥,培养出了好氧颗粒污泥,其粒径可达3.50 mm左右,污泥浓度在1.0~2.5 g/L之间,污泥沉降比保持在10%~15%之间,好氧颗粒污泥的性状稳定.采用该反应器处理玉米淀粉厂厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器出水,结果表明:该反应器对玉米淀粉厌氧预处理废水具有较好的处理效果,在曝气量为0.12 L/min,进水流量为30 m L/min,进反应器污水COD为800~950 mg/L时,其COD去除率可达90%以上,而且具有较明显的脱氮效果,其硝态氮去除率可达90%以上.     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其性能

为探讨好氧污泥颗粒化过程及其性能,在气升式间歇反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥,并对模拟生活污水的处理效果进行连续监测.实验表明,成熟好氧颗粒污泥性能良好,沉降速度最高为33.85m/h,SVI降到了32.24L/g,颗粒强度达到82.63%,颗粒污泥的耗氧速率(OURw)为1.20mg/(g·min)-1.这些理化指标均优于普通的活性污泥,所形成的好氧污泥颗粒长期稳定存在.好氧颗粒污泥对污染物的去除能力较强,COD去除率高达96.10%,氨氮和总磷的去除率也高达80%,且出水水质稳定.     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器处理焦化废水

为了提高焦化废水的处理效果,减轻对环境的污染,选择好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器处理人工模拟焦化废水,探讨了不同颗粒污泥浓度对焦化废水的处理效果及膜污染的情况。结果表明,不同颗粒污泥浓度对焦化废水的处理效果有显著差别。投加颗粒污泥后,反应器对不同颗粒污泥浓度条件下COD、NH3-N、苯酚、TP的去除效果不同。好氧颗粒污泥内部缺氧和厌氧环境下,反应器中的好氧颗粒污泥质量分数为100%时对COD去除率为99.17%、NH3-N去除率为95.00%、苯酚去除率为99.90%、TP去除率为85.22%。同时,比较了不同颗粒污泥浓度下反应器运行中膜通量的变化趋势及膜表面的变化情况。颗粒污泥投加量的不同对膜污染的抑制作用也不同。颗粒污泥使膜污染减轻,膜通量恢复率升高。     

颗粒活性炭对SBR反应器中好氧颗粒污泥培养的影响研究

好氧颗粒污泥培养耗时长已经成为限制其广泛应用的重要因素之一,依据"晶核假说"原理,在反应器中投加惰性核可以加快污泥好氧颗粒化进程.为了研究颗粒活性炭对于污泥好氧颗粒化进程的影响,在SBR反应器启动初期投加颗粒活性炭(SBR有效体积的1%,平均粒径为0.1—0.3mm)作为诱导核,采用扫描电镜和细菌凋亡荧光染色来表征好氧颗粒污泥.结果表明,颗粒活性炭有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成,运行20d即获得了成熟的好氧颗粒污泥.扫描电镜结果显示,成熟的好氧颗粒污泥结构密实,微生物种类较为丰富.好氧颗粒污泥细菌凋亡荧光染色结果表明死细菌分布较为均匀,但活细菌多位于外层;胞外多聚物多重荧光染色表明蛋白质和多糖(α-吡喃葡萄糖、α-甘露糖和β-D-吡喃葡萄糖)等物质在好氧颗粒污泥内部分布较为均匀,虽然含量接近,但β-D-吡喃葡萄糖含量最多.本研究表明,在反应器中投加颗粒活性炭可以促进好氧颗粒污泥的形成.     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

紫茎泽兰炭对好氧颗粒污泥处理废水的影响

采用MUASB作为反应器,利用城市污水处理厂的活性污泥为接种污泥,加入不同级数紫茎泽兰炭通过间断曝气方式培养好氧颗粒污泥并用于处理高浓度有机废水。结果发现在20~40目、40~60目、60~80目、80~100目、100~190目紫茎泽兰炭中,添加40~60目紫茎泽兰炭在好氧颗粒污泥处理污水的表现上较为明显。在连续一个月的污水处理中,在好氧颗粒污泥中添加紫茎泽兰炭可调节污泥性能,并提高COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率。在COD8 000 mg/L时去除率达到90%以上,NH3-N去除率最高为99%以上,TP最高去除率达85%以上。     

接种污泥对好氧污泥颗粒化影响的实验研究

为了加快污泥颗粒化进程,在气升式内循环序批反应器中,取普通絮状活性污泥和在絮状污泥中添加一定比例的好氧颗粒污泥分别为接种污泥,进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养,探讨其对污泥颗粒化速度及生物降解性能的影响。结果表明,接种污泥中适量添加颗粒污泥能使颗粒成熟时间由35 d缩短为28 d,缩短了反应器启动时间,培养的成熟颗粒污泥具有较好的沉降性能和降解性能,SVI稳定在36 mL/g左右,沉降速度达36.23 m/h,COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别达到97.86%、90.23%、89.60%。     

低有机负荷率下聚磷好氧颗粒污泥的培养

采用序批式反应器(SBR)反应器,按照强化生物除磷工艺(EBPR)的运行方式,考察了低有机负荷率下培养聚磷好氧颗粒污泥的可行性,并对形成颗粒的特性以及关键培养技术进行了评价.SBR反应器在启动后6个星期内基本达到稳定,形成的聚磷好氧颗粒污泥主要由表面紧密缠绕的丝状菌和内部紧凑排列的短杆状细菌组成,颗粒内富集了大量的聚磷菌,污泥含磷量高达7.05%,能够达到非常好的除磷效果,总磷去除率高于90%,同时具有紧凑密实的结构和良好的沉降性能,平均粒径为940.17,μm,平均密度为1.048,g/cm3,SVI为22.02,mL/g.实验结果表明,低有机负荷率有利于富集聚磷菌和增强颗粒稳定性,是培养聚磷好氧颗粒污泥的关键控制参数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the