分数阶微分掩模及其滤波器的构造

基于整数阶微分定义的一阶图像增强模板在处理图像时会产生宽边缘,而二阶模板会同时增强纹理和噪声.为了避免整数阶微分模板所产生的副作用,根据分数阶微积分的Riemann-Liouville定义分析和推导了数字图像的1～2阶分数阶微分掩模,构造了基于该定义的1～2阶分数阶微分滤波器.仿真实验表明,该滤波器不仅可以保留平滑区域...     

基于有理数阶偏微分的图像增强新模型

为了在锐化图像边缘的同时增强纹理细节特征,结合分数阶与整数阶微积分理论,推导出全新的有理数阶微分,从而在空间域构建了基于有理数阶偏微分的图像增强模型,并利用有理数阶偏微分掩模算子实现增强模型的数值计算.实验结果表明,该方法对图像可以得到连续变化的增强效果,不仅图像纹理得到很好的增强,图像边缘增强效果也比分数阶微分方法有所提高.客观上,借助实验对特征评价参数进行数据统计,结果显示新模型融合了整数阶微分与分数阶微分各自的优点,弥补了各自的不足,很好地达到了图像增强的目的.     

分数阶Fourier域M通道滤波器组

基于M通道滤波器组的信号分频带处理技术已在多载波通信技术、数字水印技术中得到广泛的应用．文中从分数阶Fourier域多抽样率信号处理基本理论和分数阶卷积定理出发,推导了分数阶Fourier域M通道滤波器组准确重建的基本条件,并基于传统Fourier域有限长M通道最大抽取滤波器组设计了分数阶Fourier域M通道最大抽取滤波器组．文中所提出的结论为分数阶Fourier域滤波器组理论的建立提供了基本依据,同时也为分数阶Fourier变换在图像、语音信号处理等工程实践中的应用奠定了理论基础．最后,仿真实验验证了所提分数阶Fourier域滤波器设计方法的有效性。     

基于中值滤波和分数阶滤波的图像去噪与增强算法

为了避免经典中值滤波器对图像的模糊化,设计了一个噪声检测模型.通过对噪声的检测,设计了一种开关滤波器.当检测点为噪声时,使用中值滤波器进行去噪;当检测点为非噪声点时,利用分数阶微分滤波器对图像进行增强.所提算法不仅能有效地去除图像中的椒盐噪声,还能对图像进行增强,使图像在边缘突出的情况下完好地保留细节.选择“Lena”等经典图像进行多次实验与分析,结果表明了所提算法在图像去噪和增强方面的有效性.     

基于分数阶微分梯度的噪声检测算法

为了在图像去噪的同时,更多地保留图像原有的特征信息,本文将分数阶积分理论引入到数字图像去噪中,通过分数阶微分梯度算法确定图像中噪声的位置,如果只对噪声点进行去噪处理,就可以有效保护图像的纹理和边缘信息.实验结果表明,基于分数阶微分梯度的噪声检测算法可以更准确地确定图像中噪声点像素的位置.     

基于离散时间分数阶Fourier变换的多抽样率信号处理

多抽样率技术广泛应用于信号的分频带编码,图像压缩等领域．文中基于离散时间分数阶Fourier变换的chirp周期性和分数阶域滤波,定义了分数阶域等效滤波器．在此概念的基础上,得到了分数阶域等效滤波器的时域直接实现高效结构．然后导出了基于分数阶域等效滤波器的多相实现结构,并得到了分数阶抽样率转换系统的多相实现和分数阶域滤波器的多抽样率实现．最后得到分数阶差分抽样滤波器组和非均匀抽样滤波器组线性相位准确重建条件．     

基于可变阶次分数阶微分图像自适应增强算法研究

传统分数阶微分算子方法存在一些缺陷,比如对同一图像的不同区域增强的幅度没有选择性;在增强图像的同时也放大了噪声等。针对这些问题,提出了自适应分数阶微分算子图像增强方法,该方法可以根据图像的不同区域的信息和结构特征自动的调整分数阶微分的阶次,在增强图像边缘纹理细节和抑制噪声方面取得了较好的平衡点。实验证明该方法明显的优于其他的图像增强的方法。     

自适应分数阶微分在图像纹理增强中的应用

针对目前只能通过人为实验指定最佳分数阶微分阶数的现状,为了节省大量人工寻求最佳分数阶微分阶数的时间,研究并提出了可以依据掩模窗口大小、G-L公式、图像梯度特征和人眼视觉特性等理论的能够自动生成分数阶微分阶数的新方法,基于该自适应阶数,设计并实现了对应的算子掩模。采用了信息熵、平均梯度等图像纹理特征评价参数做定量分析和实验验证,结果表明,该方法对任意灰度图像可以得到连续变化的增强效果,接近于最佳分数阶微分增强效果,符合人们的视觉感受,是有效的图像纹理增强方法。     

基于分数阶微分的电池片图像增强算法

太阳能电池片因其高效、清洁的特性,被越来越广泛的应用于光伏发电.为提高太阳能实际转换效率,须对电池片进行表面缺陷检测.提出一种基于分数阶微分的图像预处理方法,增强电池片图像纹理.首先,设计和构造了一个八方向5×5的分数阶微分算子;然后,将该算子分别作用于表面带有裂纹和脏污等缺陷的电池片图像上,观察纹理增强效果,选择最优阶次算子增强缺陷图像,并给出定量和定性两种评价.同时,将本文算法与目前增强效果较为突出的改进各向异性扩散算法做对比实验.实验表明,对于纹理细节丰富的电池片图像,分数阶微分算子在图像细节增强方面效果更好,有利于电池片表面缺陷的检测.     

一种基于分数阶卡尔曼滤波器的模型预测控制器的设计与实现

针对一类分数阶线性系统,设计了一种基于分数阶卡尔曼滤波器的模型预测控制器。采用分数阶微分的Grunwald-Letnikov定义对被控对象的分数阶状态空间模型进行离散化,构造了一种分数阶卡尔曼滤波器,并将该滤波器得到的状态估计应用于预测控制系统的最优状态反馈控制中。将所提出的方法用于一种黏弹性阻尼系统的控制,仿真结果表明该预测控制器在设定值跟踪、抗噪声扰动等方面都有良好的控制性能;分数阶微分的短记忆长度不仅会影响分数阶卡尔曼滤波器的估计精度,还会对预测控制器的性能产生重要影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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