铁—铬—锰奥氏体合金辐照诱起相界面合金元素偏析

研究了含有W、V的Fe-Cr-Mn奥氏体合金,经电子线辐照后析出相—基体相界面诱起溶质原子偏析行为。实验结果表明:合金中析出相为富Cr的M_(23)C6型碳化物。晶内析出相经辐照相界面处Cr的浓度增加,Mn的浓度降低。而晶界上和晶界近傍析出相的相界面Cr的浓度降低。合金元素Cr浓度的不同变化是与辐照诱起晶界偏析机构改变有关。 本文对此现象,应用辐照诱起晶界偏析理论,提出两种偏析机构的模型,较好的解释上述实验结果。     

La对Al-Li合金时效组织和断裂韧性的影响

通过电镜观察和断裂韧性测量,研究了稀土元素La对Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金微观组织和断裂韧性的影响。实验结果表明,在Al-Li合金中存在Fe,Si,Na等元素在晶界的偏聚,添加少量La可减少这些杂质在晶界的偏聚。同时,La的加入抑制δ′相的生长,减少S′相的析出,延缓时效过程,并且减少晶界无析出带宽度。因此,添加少量La提高了Al-Li合金的断裂韧性。     

合金钢γ—α转变形核驱动力及核心成分的计算

采用Wagner的动力学模型，计算了含Mn,Si,Ni,Cr,No,CU,V,Nb,W,Co等几种合金元素（合金含量＜7％）的多元系低合金钢析出共折铁素体平衡及仲衡下的临界核心的成分和形核驱动力，设计了实用的计算程序.     

W，V对Fe—Cr—Mn奥氏体钢辐照诱起晶界偏析和相稳定性的作用

利用电子束辐照Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金的结果表明，添加原子半径尺寸大的溶质元素W和V，可形成大量微细碳化物，增多相界面即增加基体中尾闾数目，能有效降低合金基体中点缺争过饱和浓度，减少空洞肿胀，同时有利于形成高密度位错环，减少它们相互间的间距 缩短点缺陷向尾闾移动扩散的平均自由程，导致点缺陷捕获溶质原子的机会减少，进而抑制辐照诱起晶界偏析，提高合金γ相稳定性。     

2E12铝合金均匀化过程微观组织演变规律

采用SEM,EPMA,TEM和硬度测试等技术,研究2E12铝合金铸锭在均匀化过程中的非平衡相溶解、元素分布特征以及第二相析出行为。研究结果表明:合金铸锭的晶界处连续分布着粗大的α+θ+S共晶组织。合金中的Cu和Mg元素存在明显的偏析,而Mn元素分布较为均匀。随着均匀化处理的进行,合金中的粗大共晶组织逐渐溶解,Cu,Mg和Si元素逐步溶入合金基体,而Fe和Mn元素则从合金基体中脱溶。在均匀化处理过程中,合金基体中析出大量T相粒子。伴随着T相的析出,合金的硬度逐渐升高,同时电导率也明显增加。当合金于490℃均匀化1 000 h后,晶界附近出现明显的PFZ。     

合金元素对R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相的影响

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对R5系泊链钢在400～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了热力学计算,并讨论了合金元素对平衡析出相的影响. 结果表明,R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相主要为M_(23)C_6、M_6C、MX和AlN,其中M为Cr、Fe、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni和V等,X为C、N和空位Va等. 在此基础上讨论了合金元素C、Cr、Mo和Nb对M_(23)C_6相、M_6C相及MX相的平衡摩尔含量和平衡析出温度的影响,优化了新型R5系泊链钢的合金体系及热处理工艺,提出新型R5系泊链钢的最佳热处理工艺为920±30℃淬火和600±30℃回火,其中金属元素Mo的质量分数以0.45%为佳.     

稀土在Ni_3Al中分布的STEM研究

采用STEM-ED研究了稀土在Ni_3Al奥氏体合金中的分布。结果表明,含有0.095wt％RE的Ni_3Al合金在450℃—480℃之间保温时,发现RE在奥氏体晶界有显著的偏聚。在950℃以上保温,晶界上没有发现RE的偏聚。同时,当Ni_2Al合金在550℃—650℃之间保温时,产生了含Ni、Al和RE的第二相均匀析出。     

等温过程中奥氏体晶界硼偏聚的非平衡特征

低碳Mn—Mo钢及Fe—Ni合金中硼的非平衡偏聚是一种动力学现象。在一定条件下进行等温处理时,晶界上会出现比平衡偏聚高很多倍的非平衡硼偏聚,但是随保温时间延长,过量偏聚消失。这种偏聚量随等温时间出现峰值变化的现象是这类偏聚非平衡性的重要标志。 在不同温度等温时,硼偏聚量随时间变化曲线呈三种形式,其特征分别是出现峰值后偏聚逐步消失,部分消失和不消失,各种类型温度区间的划分主要取决于非平衡偏聚发生,发展过程与等温时含硼相析出过程的相互关系。     

添加合金元素Cu和Mn对锆合金中第二相的影响

以Zr-4为母合金,分别添加电解纯铜或电解金属锰,用非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼了成分不同的6种锆合金.用透射电子显微镜观察了合金中第二相的形貌,用EDS分析了第二相的成分,用SAD确定了第二相的晶体结构.添加Cu元素的合金中有3种第二相：Zr(Fe,Cr)₂粒子、Zr(Fe,Cr,Cu)₂粒子和含少量Fe或不含Fe的Zr-2Cu粒子;添加Mn元素的合金中只有1种Zr(Fe,Cr,Mn)₂第二相,且随着合金中Mn的质量分数从0.07%增加到0.35％,Zr(Fe,Cr,Mn)₂粒子中Mn元素的质量分数也升高.     

硼和铬对多晶Fe83Ga17合金磁致伸缩和室温力学性能的影响

研究了添加B和Cr对多晶Fe83Ga17合金磁致伸缩和拉伸力学性能的影响. 结果表明:在Fe83Ga17合金中添加原子分数1%的B,不仅提高了合金的磁致伸缩性能,而且还大幅提高了合金的室温力学性能,抗拉强度达到548 MPa,延伸率达到3.56%. B元素以Fe2B相的形式偏聚在晶界,细化了合金晶粒,增加了合金晶界结合力,抑制了沿晶脆断. 添加原子分数2%的Cr,Cr固溶在Fe83Ga17合金中,同时提高了合金的磁致伸缩性能和室温力学性能,(Fe83Ga17)98Cr2合金最大磁致伸缩系数达到7×10-5,延伸率也较Fe83Ga17合金有所增加,达到0.6%.     

奥氏体合金中溶质原子的晶界偏聚与晶界沉淀

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了晶界沉淀的形貌和化学组成,发现高温加热时生成富Ti 的厚片状晶界沉淀(MC);以后的低温加热时生成 Mo含量较高的薄片状晶界沉淀。不同冷却速度条件下的晶界沉淀(M_7C_3)的Cr 含量不同,加热后的冷却过程中,较低温度下析出的晶界沉淀(M_(23)C_6)中的Cr,Mn 含量较高。结果表明:溶质原子的错配度、点阵溶解度及沉淀温度对晶界沉淀产生影响。     

高碳马氏体不锈钢8 Cr13 MoV钢铸态组织及碳化物

利用Thermo-Calc软件对8Cr13MoV马氏体不锈钢的凝固过程进行计算,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析仪对铸态组织和碳化物形貌以及类型进行观察与分析,利用Gleeble热模拟试验机测定材料的静态连续冷却转变曲线.结果表明,8Cr13MoV在平衡凝固条件下组织为铁素体和M23 C6型碳化物,而在实际的凝固条件下,组织为铁素体、马氏体、残余奥氏体、M7 C3型和M23 C6型碳化物,由于偏析导致最终组织中碳化物以M7 C3型为主,少量M23 C6以薄片或树枝状分布在晶界上.由于较高的C和Cr含量,以0.1℃·s-1的冷却速率冷却时,奥氏体也会发生马氏体转变.     

Effect of long-term service on the precipitates in P92 steel

The precipitates in P92 steel after long-term service in an ultra-supercritical unit were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and were found to mainly consist of M₂₃C₆ carbides, Laves phase, and MX carbonitrides. No Z-phase was observed. M₂₃C₆ carbides and Laves phase were found not only on prior austenite grain boundaries, martensite lath boundaries, and subgrain boundaries but also in lath interiors, where two types of MX carbonitrides—Nb-rich and V-rich particles—were also observed but the “winged” complexes were hardly found. Each kind of precipitate within the martensite laths exhibited multifarious morphologies, suggesting that a morphological change of precipitates occurred during long-term service. The M₂₃C₆ carbides and Laves phase coarsened substantially, and the latter grew faster than the former. However, MX carbonitrides exhibited a relatively low coarsening rate. The effect of the evolution of the precipitate phases on the creep rupture strength of P92 steel was discussed.     

固溶时效后高氮奥氏体不锈钢的物理化学相分析

采用物理化学相分析技术研究了高氮奥氏体不锈钢固溶时效后的碳、氮化物析出行为,确定了析出相的类型、粒度分布、含量及组成结构式.结果表明:氮含量低的1Cr22Mn15N0.6以M23C6型碳化物析出为主,氮含量高的1Cr22Mn15N0.9以(CrFe)2N1-x型氮化物析出为主,高氮奥氏体不锈钢中析出物的总量随时效时间的延长而增加.     

Solidification microstructure formation in HK40 and HH40 alloys

The microstructure formation processes in HK40 and HH40 alloys were investigated through JmatPro calculations and quenching performed during directional solidification. The phase transition routes of HK40 and HH40 alloys were determined as L → L + γ → L + γ + M₇C₃ → γ + M₇C₃ → γ + M₇C₃ + M₂₃C₆→ γ + M₂₃C₆ and L → L + δ → L + δ + γ→ L + δ + γ + M₂₃C₆ δ + γ + M₂₃C₆, respectively. The solidification mode was determined to be the austenitic mode (A mode) in HK40 alloy and the ferritic–austenitic solidification mode (FA mode) in HH40 alloy. In HK40 alloy, eutectic carbides directly precipitate in a liquid and coarsen during cooling. The primary γ dendrites grow at the 60° angle to each other. On the other hand, in HH40 alloy, residual δ forms because of the incomplete transformation from δ to γ. Cr₂₃C₆ carbide is produced in solid delta ferrite δ but not directly in liquid HH40 alloy. Because of carbide formation in the solid phase and no rapid growth of the dendrite in a non-preferential direction, HH40 alloy is more resistant to cast defect formation than HK40 alloy.     

多元低合金对高铬锰白口铸铁组织和性能的影响

该文利用正交设计试验探讨了Nb、V、Cu在高铬锰白口铸铁中的合金化作用和稀土硅铁的变质作用,结果表明,合金元素能够细化晶粒,改善碳化物的形貌和分布,提高力学性能和耐磨性,确定了多元低合金高铬锰白口铸铁的最佳成分和热处理工艺。     

Enhanced nanocrystalline stability of BCC iron via copper segregation

Nanocrystalline alloys are known for their high density of grain boundaries (GBs), which results in low thermal stability and a tendency for coarsening. In this work, we investigated Fe–Cu alloys to explore the effects of Cu concentration on the thermal stability of nanocrystalline samples. Using hybrid molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, annealing treatments of nanocrystalline samples with varied Cu concentrations were conducted. The simulation results revealed that Cu atoms tended to accumulate at GBs. Subsequently, the model with Cu segregation was subjected to mechanical creep loading at various temperatures. Through the analysis of atomic structure evolution during creep deformation, it was found that Cu segregation efficiently stabilizes GBs and restricts their movement. The present findings highlight that the thermal stability of nanocrystalline Fe–Cu alloys can be effectively improved by introducing suitable Cu segregation at GBs.     

金属间化合物Ni3Al中的硼晶界偏聚特性的AES研究

本文应用俄歇能谱仪研究了不同化学计量比ＮｉＡｌ金属间化合物硼在晶界偏聚的特性。研究结果表明：硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的各个晶界偏聚存在着不均匀性，硼在晶界的偏聚范围只有几个原子层，晶界结构及晶界化学环境是影响在晶界偏聚的决定因素。     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microstructure and room-temperature tensile properties of Ti14, a new α+Ti₂Cu alloy, were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃, respectively. Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys. The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti₂Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification. It is found that more Ti₂Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature, which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries. Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys, especially after forging at 1000℃. Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fracture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.