4-Isothiocyanato-4′-nitrodiphenylamine (C9333-Go/CGP 4540) an anthelminthic with an unusual spectrum of activity against intestinal nematodes,filariae and schistosomes

Summary 4-isothiocyanato-4-nitrodiphenylamine was found to possess activity against intestinal nematodes in mice, against schistosomes in various hosts including primates and against two filarial species in the mongolian jird. Upon administration in a single oral dose it is equally effective againstS. haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum.     

Antiproliferative effects of 4′, 5′-unsaturated adenine nucleosides on leukemia L 1210 cells in vitro

Summary Several 4, 5-unsaturated adenine nucleosides were shown to have antiproliferative activity against L 1210 leukemia cells in vitro. The active nucleosides were cytotoxic to the L 1210 cells as demonstrated by Trypan Blue uptake. The cytotoxicity was not induced by alterations in the ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels of the L 1210 cells.     

1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxy benzyl) 6–7 dimethoxy isoquinoline,a major metabolite of papaverine

Zusammenfassung An Glukorons?ure gebundenes 1-(3′-Methoxy-4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-6, 7-dimethoxy-chinolin ist als Metabolit des Papaverins beim Menschen und bei S?ugetieren erkannt und isoliert worden. Ein in den Lebermikrosomen enthaltenes Ferment, dassauerstoff-und TPNH-abh?ngig ist, bewirkt die Methoxylspaltung, und ein weiteres Ferment übertr?gt die Glukurons?ure aus ihrer Verbindung mit Uridinphosphat auf die entstandene phenolische Verbindung.      

Effect of glucose and phloretin-2′-β-D-glucose (phloridzin) on in vitro fertilization of mouse ova

Summary The fertilization ratio of mouse ova in vitro decreased when glucose concentration in the medium was lowered. However, the addition of phloretin-2--D-glucose (phloridzin), known as a glucose uptake inhibitor, restored the fertilization ratio back to the control level. The glucose moiety of the phloridzin seemed to be responsible for this effect.     

The effect of cyclic cytidine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cCMP) on the in vitro development,hatching and attachment of the mouse blastocyst

Summary The in vitro development and attachment of hatched mouse blastocysts on the untreated substratum was enhanced by 10 M dibutyryl cCMP (dbcCMP). The result suggests that cCMP has an effect on embryonic development and on the blastocyst attachment process.25 November1986     

Effect of Fe(Ⅲ) impurity on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO_4 prepared by hydrothermal process

Lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4)was synthesized from LiOH,FeSO4 and H3PO4 by a hydrothermal process at 180℃.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis.Electrochemical performance of the samples was tested in terms of charge-discharge capacity and cycling behavior.The results indicated that Fe(Ⅲ) impurity had obviously effect on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4,and the formation of Fe 3+ was caused by the oxidation of Fe 2+ in the dissolving...     

Decreased incidence of renal cell carcinoma in rats with one kidney ingesting N-4-(4′-fluorobiphenyl) acetamide

Summary Buffalo strain male rats, 12 weeks of age, ingesting 0.04% N-4-(4-fluorobiphenyl)acetamide in a semisynthetic diet with both kidneys intact were more susceptible to the development of hyperplasia and carcinomas of the kidney than were rats with a uninephrectomy.     

N″-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N′-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine,monohydrate (P 1134): A new,potent vasodilator

Summary N-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, monohydrate (P 1134) is a new agent which induces a marked and sustained hypotensive response in normotensive and renal, neurogenic, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as in normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs. The overall potency of this compound is 2–3 times greater than that of hydralazine. The fall of blood pressure is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. The hypotensive effect appears to be due primarily to a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle.Acknowledgment. The helpful comments and advice of Dr W.O. Godtfredsen are greatefully acknowledged.     

Effects of 2-β-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one onSchizaphis graminum (rondani) (insecta,aphididae) feeding on artificial diets

Summary 2--Glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA-Glc), the main hydroxamic acid from maize and wheat, and its aglucone, decreased survival ofSchizaphis graminum reared on artificial diets. Both compounds were toxic for aphids and acted as feeding deterrents, at concentrations as low as 1 mM. The natural concentrations of glucosides of hydroxamic acids in wheat leaves reach up to 6 mmoles/kg fresh weight, thus falling within the range in which DIMBOA-Glc causes delecterious effects to diet-fed aphids.To whom correspondence should be addressed. THis work was supported by grants from International Foundation for Science (484), Universidad de Chile (N-1654) and the Agency for International Development.     

Effect of paraoxon (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) on axone reflex sweating produced byα-lobeline

Zusammenfassung Paraoxon beeinflusst die Wirkung von-Lobelin über den Axonreflex, der Schwitzen menschlicher Haut auslöst. Geringe Konzentrationen von-Lobelin werden durch Paraoxon verstärkt, während höhere gehemmt werden. Daraus wird gefolgert, dass endogenes Acetylcholin an der Auslösung des Axonreflexes beteiligt sein kann.     

Morphological effects of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2α on fibroblast-like cultures of human synovial cells

Summary In medium supplemented with serum, PGE₁ and PGE₂ were equally potent in inducing cells with a fenestrated appearance, whereas PGF₂ was comparatively ineffective. In BSA without serum the effects were more persistent and characterized by a high proportion of astrocyte-like cells. The effects were reversed upon removal of the prostaglandins.This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.     

Aln (n = 3, 4, 6, 13, 19)团簇的结构稳定性与形态演化

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法, 计算了不同结构形态Al_n (n = 3, 4, 6, 13, 19)团簇的几何与电子结构, 通过结合能与HOMO-LUMO能隙表征和分析了其结构稳定性, 采用线性同步转变 (LST)方法考察了其不同结构形态间的演化与转 变. 结果表明: Al₃, Al₄, Al₆, Al₁₃和Al₁₉团簇的稳定结构形态分别为三角形、 菱形、八面体、二十面体、双二十面体. Al₃, Al₄与Al₁₃团簇不存在亚稳结构. Al6与Al19团簇存在亚稳结构, 其结构形态分别为平行四边形与八面体. Al₆团簇亚稳结构与稳定结构的能级差大、转变能垒低, 结构转变容易, 亚稳结构稳定性差. 而Al₁₉团簇亚稳结构与稳定结构的能级差小、转变能垒高, 结构演化不易, 因而实验和理论模拟中能观察到其亚稳结构形态——正八面体的存在.     

A stepwise model of polyreactivity of the T cell antigen-receptor (TCR): its impact on the self–nonself discrimination and on related observations (receptor editing,anergy, dual receptor cells)

The existence of antigen-receptors, BCR, and T cell antigen-receptors, that are “polyreactive”, necessitates a rethinking of its effect on two problems faced by the “adaptive” immune system: the self (S)–nonself (NS) discrimination and the determination of effector class. Here, we will concentrate on the impact of polyreactivity on the S–NS discrimination. The anti-S cells interacting with S (i.e., responding to Signal 1) are on the pathway to inactivation. Before irreversibility sets in, these cells can be activated by a second signal (Signal 2) from an effector T-helper (eTh). As these polyreactive anti-S cells express anti-NS specificities, they can be activated by recognition of NS-epitopes in the host’s normal immunogenic load with the potential to result in autoimmunity. This problem is delineated using a discrete structural model, the corollaries of which are: (1) a two-step pathway for the purging of anti-S cells (i.e., the S–NS discrimination), and (2) defensible contexts within which to view the phenomena of receptor editing, anergy, and dual receptor cells.     

The Second VDI-International Conference on Effects of Atmospheric Precipitations on Soils: Uptake,Assessment and Regulation (Lindau,Germany, 15–17 May 1990)

Science Policy News

The Second VDI-International Conference on Effects of Atmospheric Precipitations on Soils: Uptake, Assessment and Regulation (Lindau, Germany, 15–17 May 1990)     

Heisenberg (and Schrödinger,and Pauli) on hidden variables

In this paper, we discuss various aspects of Heisenberg's thought on hidden variables in the period 1927–1935. We also compare Heisenberg's approach to others current at the time, specifically that embodied by von Neumann's impossibility proof, but also views expressed mainly in correspondence by Pauli and by Schrödinger. We shall base ourselves mostly on published and unpublished materials that are known but little-studied, among others Heisenberg's own draft response to the EPR paper. Our aim will be not only to clarify Heisenberg's thought on the hidden-variables question, but in part also to clarify how this question was understood more generally at the time.     

Identification of 3α, 17α, 21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnane (allotetrahydro-17α-hydroxy-cortexone) and 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnane (allo-tetrahydro-cortexone) in human urine

Résumé Le 3, 17, 21-trihydroxy 5-pregnane (allo-tétrahydro-17-hydroxy-cortexone) et le 3,21-dihydroxy 5-prégane (allo-tétrahydro-cortexone) ont été identifiés dans l'urine humaine. Ces composés avaient les mêmes migrations chromatographiques avant ou après acétylation ou oxydation que les respectifs stéroïdes de synthèse.     

Sm3(Fe,Ti)29Nx/α-Fe双相纳米耦合永磁材料的制备

本文研究了熔体快淬工艺及添加元素Ti对Sm-Fe合金相的形成及结构的影响，成功制备了Sm₃(Fe,Ti)₂₉N_x/α-Fe双相纳米耦合永磁材料。研究发现，快淬薄带由Sm₃(Fe,Ti)29和α-Fe两相组成，晶化前在纳米晶周围存在部分非晶相，晶化后的晶粒间晶界平直光滑、且晶粒间结合紧密没有界面相，为晶粒间直接接触耦合。对甩带后的样品采用750℃保温10min的晶化退火得到的颗粒比较细小且均匀。氮化磁粉磁滞回线的第二象限没有出现明显的台阶，表现为单相永磁材料的特点，说明硬磁相Sm₃(Fe,Ti)₂₉N_x与软磁相a-Fe晶粒之间的交换耦合作用已形成。