鱼眼镜头的光学系统设计

鱼眼镜头是一种焦距极短但视角很大的镜头.紧凑型鱼眼镜头光学系统的工作波段在可见光范围内,全视场为172°,能很好地解决广角镜头的轴外像差和边缘像面照度问题.设计的鱼眼镜头光学系统具有结构简单、体积小、成像质量好的特点.系统总长80.9 mm,后工作距离为18.8 mm.所选像元尺寸为12μm×12μm,像素数为1 280×1 024时,CCD对应的空间分辨力为27.2 lp/mm,边缘视场的MTF值最小,优于0.60.设计结果较理想.     

基于曲面拟合的三维面形拼接算法

针对大尺寸物体的三维面形测量,提出了一种曲线函数形式的图像镶嵌算法.将测量到的两个或两个以上的面形通过重叠区域的数据融合实现面形测量,较好地实现了整个拼接区域的平滑过渡.仿真实验结果表明,该方法运算量小,速度快,可操作性强.     

测量工件三维曲面的工业视觉测量系统

基于近场摄影测量技术提出一种测量工件三维面形的工业视觉系统．介绍了系统测量原理、系统构成和定标、工件三维面形测量实验及实验结果,详细讨论了影响测量精度的各种因素．这种方法尤其适合于大尺寸工件复杂面形的检测     

测量比的标定方法分析与应用

标定是视觉测量的首要环节,标定结果的精度及算法的性能影响测量结果,在机械零件的尺寸测量中,普遍采用标定测量比的方法进行测量.经过缜密地推导,得出了测量比的计算公式,给出了严格的测量比定义.根据新的定义,必须保证零件到相机的距离和标定件到相机的距离严格相等,否则测量结果毫无意义.以空间两点高程差测量为例,给出了用测量比法进行尺寸测量的详细过程,可作为修正由于零件到相机距离变化而引起的测量误差的参考.     

测量工件三维曲面的工业视觉测量系统

基于近场摄影测量技术提出一种测量工件三维面形的工业视觉系统。介绍了系统测量原理,系统构成和定标,工件三维面形测量实验及实验结果,详细讨论了影响测量精度的各种因素,这种方法尤其合适于大尺寸工件复杂面形的检测。     

基于DIC-边缘检测的大尺度测量技术研究

为研究和完善大尺寸测量技术,提出了将数字图像相关方法与边缘检测相结合的大尺度测量技术.首先,在待测结构表面待测点上粘贴预制散斑图,将结构分为若干段;然后,通过数字图像相关方法计算相邻测点间像素距离;再通过边缘检测计算边界部分像素距离;最终将像素距离转换为实际结构尺寸.本文还对大型机械进行测量,实验结果表明该方法可以实现大尺寸结构测量,也为大尺寸测量技术提供了一种新的思路.     

大型复杂结构件几何参量在线精密测量系统搭建及工程应用

针对大型复杂结构件几何参量在线精密测量的技术难题，本文开展了基于多轴联动激光扫描和结构光三目视觉摄影的尺寸测量技术研究；通过结构方案设计、算法研究、软件开发及系统搭建，研制了针对不同测量对象的多套非接触式几何尺寸测量系统.测试校准结果表明，激光扫描测量系统在15 m距离的测量不确定度为2.656 mm,结构光三目视觉测量系统在7 m距离的测量结果不确定度为1.552 mm,均满足大型结构件的测量范围及精度要求.在此基础上，本文采用两种类型的测量系统同时对生产现场大型热态锻件外圆直径参数进行在线测量，重复测量误差均小于±4 mm,测量结果表现出良好的一致性.研究结果为大型结构件表面和内部几何尺寸的高精度在线测量提供了有效的技术方法和装备.     

用于微波天线的三维面形测量技术

在三维立体视觉测量原理的基础上，建立了用于微波天线面形测量的三维视觉测量系统，分析了该测量系统优于其他测量系统的主要优点，给出了测量原理，介绍了系统组成及其功能，通过对微波天线的面形测量，验证其可行性，对空间点位进行多次重复测量表明：x,y方向的测量标准差优于0．1mm,z方向的测量标准差优于0．18mm，满足微波天线的面形测量要求。     

基于计算机视觉技术的微钻刃面自动光学检测

为了实现微钻刃面尺寸和缺陷的自动光学检测,建立了影像检测系统并研究其图像处理算法.根据微钻刃面的特征,设计了专用的照明系统来获取清晰的、变形小的微钻刃面图像.采用改进的小核值相似区边缘提取算法对图像进行边缘提取,并对所提取的边缘采用基于空间矩的亚像素算法进行图像边缘的亚像素定位,然后采用直线和圆弧拟合等一系列算法对微钻刃面图像进行尺寸计算和缺陷检测.实验结果表明:自动光学检测方法的准确率达到了99.5%,微钻的检出精度达到了微米级,说明该方法能够满足微钻刃面尺寸测量和缺陷检测的要求.     

现场大尺寸测量量值溯源

为了评价大尺寸测量量值的准确性,需要建立大尺寸测量的量值溯源体系．针对研究的大尺寸配对视觉测量网的溯源难题,以激光跟踪仪作为高精度标准仪器,利用四元数空间配准算法将所有视觉传感器测量值统一到激光跟踪仪坐标系下,对其测量值现场原位溯源,并通过空间性能评价实验对激光跟踪仪溯源．实验表明,激光跟踪仪的不确定度为10μm＋0.8μm／m,配对式视觉测量网的不确定度优于0．2mm．应用本文的方法可现场快速对多数大尺寸测量仪器溯源。研制的配对式视觉测量网络满足多数大尺寸测量任务．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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