塔里木盆地塔中地区岩石力学参数模型建立及其应用

通过对塔里木盆地塔中地区鹰山组地层的岩心进行室内岩石力学试验,获得了该地区岩石的杨氏模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩察角等静态岩石力学参数和动态岩石力学参数。对试验结果进行了分析研究,得到了岩石纵横波时差关系拟合模型、岩石力学参数拟合模型及动静态参数关系模型。根据回归分析建立的岩石力学参数模型,结合测井资料得到的岩石力学参数剖面,为预测区块地应力、地层孔隙压力、合理钻井液密度确定等提供准确的岩石力学参数,为钻探提供合理的工程参数。     

川西须二段岩石力学及动静参数转换模型研究

岩石力学参数是制定钻井、完井及油气藏开发方案的重要依据。选取川西须二段地层95块岩心,利用"MTS岩石物理测试系统"在模拟实际地层条件下测试岩心的岩石力学特征。研究表明岩石力学参数(抗张强度、抗压强度、弹性模量、内聚力、内摩擦角等)与各基础参数(密度、声波等)之间的相关性较好,实际应用中可根据资料选用相应统计关系式进行岩石力学参数的预测和计算。结合测井资料表明,动态弹性参数普遍大于静态弹性参数,且关系密切,动静态杨氏模量之间具有较好的线性关系,动静态泊松比之间的关系则非常复杂,其余弹性参数可利用它们之间的相互关系转换得到。通过对国内外的动静弹性参数转换模型调研,结合岩心刻度测井建立了适合川西须二段地层的岩石动静态弹性参数转换模型,为设计合理的钻探开发方案提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于COMSOL的砾岩地层电阻率与含油饱和度关系研究

针对砾岩储层岩性复杂、电阻率测井响应受岩石骨架和孔隙结构影响严重的问题,通过建立岩石亲油和岩石亲水2种砾岩地层模型,研究基于COMSOL有限元计算软件的恒定电场中砾岩地层电阻率的三维数值计算方法及复杂砾岩地层模型网格剖分方法,分析各向异性砾岩地层中的电流分布,揭示了砾岩地层电阻率与含油饱和度的关系,给出了由电阻增大系数和含油饱和度数值拟合后确定各向异性砾岩地层岩性参数的方法,为砾岩油藏的评价和解释提供依据,扩展对各向异性的认识。     

基于岩屑分形理论的岩石力学参数实时评价方法

现有的岩石力学参数获取方法依赖于钻井取心和测井资料,具有较大的时效限制。将分形几何理论应用于岩石力学参数实时预测的研究中。首先,利用完钻井深层岩心开展力学测试,建立岩石力学参数与多项测井物理量多元统计学模型。然后,开展上返岩屑颗粒的分形维数测试,并依据测井岩石力学模型计算出岩屑原位地层的岩石力学参数,将这些力学参数与岩屑分形维数建立统计学关系式。以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷Ma123井为例,通过测试上返岩屑的分形维数,进而实时计算出岩石的力学参数。完钻测井后基于测井反演模型绘制出该井岩石力学参数剖面。两种方法对比认为,基于岩屑分形维数计算的岩石力学参数具有较高的精度(误差小于10.9%)。同时,通过实践总结出一套基于录井岩屑分形理论的岩石力学参数的实时预测方法。该研究成果拓展了分形岩石力学的应用领域,为岩石力学参数的实时预测提供了新思路。     

岩屑声波法地层压力监测技术研究与应用

提出了通过岩屑提取地层信息、为钻井井壁稳定性计算提供必要参数的方法,即通过测量地面岩屑的声波时差,反演得到地层岩石的声波时差,利用岩石的声学性质与力学参数的关系得到地层岩石的力学参数,结合地应力参数,得到井壁周围岩石的应力分布,计算地层的孔隙压力、坍塌压力和破裂压力.对于预探井,在没有测井资料的情况下,利用该方法可以有效地进行地层压力监测.在两口预探井中进行了随钻监测地层压力的现场试验,证明该方法是有效的.虽然该方法在声波测量过程中还有一定的局限性,对最终计算结果的精确度会产生一定影响,但与单纯的地震资料相比,其精确度已大大提高.     

塔里木盆地井壁稳定性测井评价初探

针对塔里木盆地部分地区井壁不稳定问题,开展井壁稳定性测井评价研究,主要从岩石力学的角度出发,利用测井信息计算地层岩石机械特性参数、地层孔隙压力、地应力分布、破裂压力等     

岩屑声波法地层压力监测技术研究与应用

提出了通过岩屑提取地层信息、为钻井井壁稳定性计算提供必要参数的方法，即通过测量地面岩屑的声波时差，反演得到地层岩石的声波时差，利用岩石的声学性质与力学参数的关系得到地层岩石的力学参数，结合地应力参数，得到井壁周围岩石的应力分布，计算地层的孔隙压力、坍塌压力和破裂压力。对于预探井，在没有测井资料的情况下，利用该方法可以有效地进行地层压力监测。在两口预探井中进行了随钻监测地层压力的现场试验，证明该方法是有效的。虽然该方法在声波测量过程中还有一定的局限性，对最终计算结果的精确度会产生一定影响，但与单纯的地震资料相比，其精确度已大大提高。     

陆相页岩储层地质力学特性及对压裂效果的影响

根据储层测井资料以及压后试油资料,分析了准噶尔盆地玛瑚凹陷风城组陆相页岩储层的地质力学特性,研究了地质力学参数对陆相页岩储层压裂效果的影响,并对陆相页岩储层可压裂性进行了评价。研究结果表明,风城组页岩油储层岩石力学参数与声波、体积密度间存在良好相关性,以此为基础,建立了储层岩石力学参数的测井计算模型;基于已钻井压裂、测井资料,建立了研究区陆相页岩储层地层压力、地应力计算模型;利用灰色关联法明确了储层影响压裂效果的地质力学主控因素(弹性模量、水平应力差、最小水平主应力、抗张强度以及单轴抗压强度);利用层次分析法构建了研究区陆相页岩储层可压裂性评价指标,地质力学主控因素的权重系数依次为0.369 6、0.244 0、0.209 0、0.109 3及0.068 1。     

利用测井资料进行孔隙压力预测和井壁稳定性分析

本文利用测井资料,采用等效深度法求得了加蓬区块3口井的地层孔隙压力, 利用常规测井资料计算岩石力学特征参数、进行地应力分析,在此基础上计算井壁破裂压力、坍塌压力,进行井眼稳定性评价,得到了该工区地层的钻井液密度安全窗口.从力学角度出发,计算地层孔隙压力、进行井眼稳定性评价,可以为钻井工程设计钻井液密度提供重要参考依据,具有较大的实用价值.     

塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带储层岩石力学参数研究

综合采用岩石单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验及测井资料计算,对塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带单井的岩石力学参数进行分析,通过单轴-三轴校正及动态-静态校正,确定静态岩石力学参数的单井剖面,利用高斯插值对岩石力学参数空间分布特征进行研究,并分析岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系。结果表明:岩石力学参数的空间分布主要与岩相有关,并在一定程度上反映了储层物性特征,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度大而泊松比小的区域储层物性相对更好;随着地层深度的增加,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度逐渐增加而泊松比逐渐下降;利用岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系以及断层带岩石力学参数的经验比例,可以对不同地质单元的岩石力学参数进行取值,为后续的地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟奠定基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the