热损伤大理岩波动特征及声发射特性试验研究

对常温至800℃热作用后大理岩波动特征及单轴压缩过程中的声发射特性和损伤演化进行研究，结果表明：高温后大理岩体积变大，质量与密度减小，600℃是质量与密度变化的阈值温度；随温度升高，峰值应力和弹性模量先增大后减小，峰值应变单调增加，纵波与横波波速呈线性下降，频谱面积、主频幅值和振幅下降，但下降速率逐渐减小；声发射振铃计数与应力-应变曲线有较好的对应关系，能够反映大理岩不同阶段的损伤演化规律；高温使大理岩由突发性破坏向渐进性破坏发展，破坏模式由剪切破坏向劈裂破坏转变.     

高温作用后石灰岩受压破裂过程的声发射试验研究

利用声发射测试和单轴压缩试验相结合的方法,研究了河南焦作矿区的石灰岩在100~800 °C高温压缩破坏条件下的声发射过程,结合不同温度下石灰岩的力学性质,分析不同声发射参数条件下石灰岩在不同受力阶段的声发射特点.结果表明：在高温作用下石灰岩出现了明显的声发射现象;石灰岩峰值应力随着作用温度的升高而不断降低,800 °C以后,峰值应力较600 °C时降幅达50%,但是峰值应变随着作用温度的升高而变化不明显;在400 °C以前,声发射振铃累计数均值随着温度的升高而增加,400 °C后随着温度的升高而不断降低;在600~800 °C时,试样呈现出明显的塑性破坏特征,高温致使石灰岩劣化,声发射试验中,振铃累计数大幅度降低,应力与应变和声发射特征参数变化规律较吻合.     

盐岩巴西劈裂破坏声发射时序特征

 利用RMT-150B 岩石力学多功能系统和声发射监测系统,对盐岩巴西劈裂破坏过程中的变形与强度特征和声发射特征进行试验研究。试验结果表明：盐岩巴西劈裂破坏在峰值前的变形特征也存在类似单轴抗压试验的压密阶段、弹性阶段、屈服阶段和破坏阶段;在压密和弹性阶段声发射事件较少,能量较小,进入塑性阶段后,声发射振铃计数迅速增加,能量增大;当荷载超过承载能力后,试件突然劈裂破坏,残余应力迅速消失。试验表明,可通过观察振铃计数、累计计数和能量判定试件破坏的前兆,为工程实践提供借鉴和参考。     

单轴压缩下松软煤样破裂损伤演化特性研究

为定量分析松软煤样在压缩过程中的破裂损伤演化特性,对自制正方体松软型煤进行单轴压缩试验,利用无损监测装置——声发射检测系统采集煤样内部损伤的声发射信号,使用非接触式全场应变测量系统采集煤样表面的数字散斑图像,讨论了单轴压缩下煤样的声发射振铃计数、能量与加载过程的对应关系,对比分析了有无预制钻孔煤样的声发射特征,运用数字图像相关方法统计了煤样表面散斑点数,提出了用以表征煤样内部损伤的以累计振铃计数为基准的振铃损伤变量,用以表征煤样表面损伤的以散斑数为基准的散斑损伤变量,获得了煤样损伤变量曲线。研究表明,无预制钻孔煤样声发射活动更加剧烈,能量幅度更高,钻孔的存在破坏了煤样的整体性,降低了煤样强度;声发射参数曲线与散斑数曲线均与煤样的加载曲线存在着分段对应的关系;振铃损伤变量曲线和散斑损伤变量曲线均可表示煤样的损伤演化过程,煤样内部和表面的损伤特征相互印证,综合分析更能准确的表达煤样的损伤情况。     

煤岩三轴压缩损伤破坏声发射特征

在对MTS815岩石伺服试验系统通讯传输接口进行改造的基础上,实现了将检波器置于三轴室内的三轴压缩声发射试验,克服了检波器置于三轴室外壁无法监测到全面可靠声发射信号的弊端.煤岩三轴压缩声发射试验结果表明,与单轴压缩相比,围压增强了煤岩的整体性及刚度,使压密阶段声发射活动明显减弱.声发射振铃计数及能量出现最大值的时间均稍滞后于煤岩宏观破坏时刻,说明围压不但提高了其峰值强度,而且由于围压使煤岩内部裂隙的错动滑移受到抑制,提高了其峰后承载能力.振幅反映声发射的强度,三轴压缩条件下,轴向加载初期声发射振幅较小,宏观破裂前后出现大量高振幅声发射事件,残余塑性阶段仍然有较多振幅较大的声发射事件产生.声发射撞击计数率表征裂纹扩展的次数及速率,三轴压缩声发射撞击计数试验结果表明,弹塑性阶段是煤岩裂隙萌生扩展的主要阶段.岩石三轴压缩破坏声发射特征对于深刻理解矿山井下岩体破坏机理及采用微震监测技术预防相关动力灾害事故具有重要的理论及实际指导意义.     

贺兰山岩画典型病害损伤的声发射演化特征研究

裂(隙)纹是宁夏贺兰山岩画表面完整性严重破坏的典型病害问题.本研究基于声发射原理,利用单轴压缩试验模拟岩画载体材料岩石所受荷载,分析岩画载体材料强度破坏模式,获取声发射信号特征,探究AE时空演变规律,建立基于声发射累计振铃计数的损伤演化模型.研究结果表明：岩石破坏呈现“圆锥形”,其损伤发展主要经历原生裂纹闭合、次生裂纹发育以及裂纹贯穿破坏3个演化历程;损伤演化模型的力学和物理意义明确.声发射特征与变形特征紧密相关,能够表征岩石内部损伤过程,可以用来判断岩样岩石内部(微)裂纹状态,为石质文物载体材料裂纹扩展至破裂失稳这一热点和难点问题提供解决思路.     

砼-岩一体两介质破裂过程中声发射特征试验

研究砼-岩一体两介质在受载条件下的声发射特征,可为预测该类型材料的破裂失稳提供科学依据。为此开展了砼、岩石、砼-岩一体两介质在单轴压缩条件下的声发射特征研究。结果表明:砼-岩一体两介质的能量计数曲线在破裂演化过程中呈现双峰值,峰值1的声发射特征可作为岩石材料失稳的预判;声发射事件的时空演化规律表明砼-岩一体两介质的非稳定破裂发展先从砼材料开始,而后通过砼-岩胶结面诱导岩石材料发生失稳破坏;声发射空间定位聚类结果表明砼材料先发生剪切失稳,而后通过失稳过程中所释放出的断裂动能以及骨料的应力集中,诱导岩石材料发生劈裂破坏。     

单轴压缩早强剂混凝土声发射试验与分析

配制无添加剂的对照组C30混凝土和添加甲酸钙早强剂的标准组C30混凝土各3个。采用压力机和声发射检测仪器联合试验装置,进行对照组混凝土与标准组早强剂混凝土试块单轴压缩实验,得到两种混凝土试块破坏全过程应力-应变和声发射特征数据。声发射能量、累计能量和累计振铃计数等参数与试块应力-应变分析表明,在早期的平静期,添加早强剂混凝土声发射信号比较活跃,其累计能量-时间曲线呈现三段式,区别于对照组混凝土试块。在声发射爆发期间,标准组混凝土能量呈现持续释放,而对照组混凝土在初期爆发之后有一段相对稳定的平静期,然后再持续性爆发,直到达到最大值。     

不同煤岩组合体力学特性的数值模拟研究

为研究不同煤岩组合体力学特性和声发射特征,利用RFPA2D数值模拟软件,对不同围压和不同组合倾角条件下的泥岩煤组合体,粉砂岩煤组合体及石灰岩煤组合体进行了模拟。结果表明,单轴压缩时不同煤岩组合体应力应变曲线相似,其峰值强度均接近煤体的单轴抗压强度;煤岩体强度随着组合体间倾角的增大而减小,煤岩体中岩体的强度越高,煤岩体越早出现强度的迅速衰减;煤岩组合体的内摩擦角随着组合体倾角的增大而减小,而内聚力随着倾角增大先增大后减小;随着围压的升高,煤岩组合体的声发射振铃计数最大值经历了一个先减后增的过程,组合体中岩石强度越高,声发射最大振铃计数值越高。     

火灾下钢-混凝土组合楼盖的声发射特性

为研究火灾下钢-混凝土组合楼盖的声发射特性,利用声发射采集仪对火灾下长跨跨中布置次梁的足尺钢-混凝土组合楼盖进行监测。火灾模拟环境为ISO 834标准升温曲线,通过对钢-混凝土组合楼盖的板角、周边、跨中等关键位置处的声发射数据进行滤波分析,研究典型的声发射特征参数(计数、累计计数、幅值和能量),并结合试验破坏的宏观现象,探讨了火灾下钢-混凝土组合楼盖的传力机理及与声发射参数特征的关联。研究结果表明:火灾作用下钢-混凝土组合楼盖的声发射参数随截面温度的非线性变化表现出不同的特征,且与混凝土板面上裂缝开展的不同阶段相吻合,这与材料和结构的力学行为密切相关;试验过程中,声发射源信号在升温初期最为活跃,这与声发射信号中计数(振铃)和累计计数曲线的转折点特征吻合,可以用来反映裂缝开展的过程、分布区域和密集程度;声发射事件在空间位置上的分布特征变化是结构失稳和内部损伤产生的重要前兆,声发射信号本身的强弱(幅值、能量等参数)需特别关注;降温时,组合结构中钢梁、混凝土板间热膨胀系数的差异使得两者之间会有错动产生,直接导致该阶段的声发射信号仍然较为活跃,建议今后建立火灾下结构倒塌的声发射预警系统时予以关注。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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