牛居油田牛12断块东营组储层特征

牛居油田牛１２断块东营组储层主要为辫状河沉积．其砂砾岩体多分布于河道之中，显示出非连续的透镜状、带状和大面积分布的席状形态．辫状河砂体主要有河道砂坝和河道充填两种沉积．该区东营组储层的成岩矿物包括自生石英、碳酸盐、高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石、伊一蒙混层和绿泥石等矿物．次生孔隙的发育主要是由于长石、颗粒骨架和自生碳酸盐的溶蚀作用而产生的．在４个油层组之间，储层性质具有明显的非均质性，它受辫状河的成岩特征和沉积微相的控制．     

渤南油田四区沙三段低渗透储层成岩作用及演化序列

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、岩心分析化验等资料对渤南油田四区沙三段储层成岩作用类型、成岩演化序列、成岩阶段划分等进行了系统研究。结果表明,沙三段储层处于中成岩阶段A期,主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用等。压实作用是导致储层物性变差的最主要原因,胶结作用次之;溶蚀作用多形成孤立的溶蚀孔隙,一定程度上增加了储层孔隙度,但对储层渗透率的改善不大。沙三段储层经历了机械压实作用、塑性颗粒变形→泥质杂基及方解石(包括部分泥晶包壳)、铝硅酸盐的早期溶解、石英次生加大→早期碳酸盐胶结并交代石英、长石→油气大量充注→不稳定组分溶蚀形成次生孔隙、高岭石充填→晚期含铁碳酸盐矿物胶结成岩演化序列。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层深埋次生孔隙研究

鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层是成岩期白云岩化，表生期古岩溶和后生期深埋溶解作用叠加改造的结果．深理溶解作用既可通过扩大改造光期孔洞缝形成溶蚀扩大孔隙体系，亦可通过溶蚀碳酸盐产生新增孔隙体系，从而大大提高了碳酸盐储层储集条件．根据孔隙结构特征，区内碳酸监岩储层深埋次生孔隙可划分为１７种类型，它们是富含有机酸、ＣＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ的具有化学侵蚀性的酸性地下成岩流体与碳酸盐之间相互作用的产物．无论在沉积学还是沉积地球化学方面，该类次生孔隙均与其它成因孔隙存在明显异性     

伦坡拉盆地牛堡组砂砾岩致密化与孔隙成因

依据岩芯、薄片、物性和扫描电镜等资料,开展伦坡拉盆地牛堡组砂砾岩储层岩石学及储集特征研究,着重从成岩角度分析了储层致密化因素,结合孔隙形成的有利因素,开展成岩作用和石油充注的关系及顺序研究,首次探索了储层孔隙的发育过程。结果表明,砂砾岩储集空间以残余孔隙为主,混积的沉积环境、较弱的抗机械压实能力和中晚成岩期碳酸盐的强烈胶结是导致储层致密的3大因素,酸性流体对易溶颗粒的溶蚀是次生孔隙形成的主要因素,石油充注是孔隙保存的有利因素,主要表现在石油充注使部分孔隙溶蚀扩大,并在孔隙周缘形成油膜抑制碳酸盐胶结;压实作用在浅埋藏阶段对储层的破坏较大,随埋深增大,酸性溶蚀、石英次生加大及石油充注发生,之后,早期碳酸盐胶结物形成,成岩中晚期含铁碳酸盐胶结物交代早期碳酸盐矿物,堵塞了大部分孔隙,晚期的构造挤压使储层形成裂缝。孔隙的形成经历了原生粒间孔隙形成,压实作用减孔,酸性溶蚀扩大孔隙,石油充注保护孔隙,碳酸盐胶结破坏孔隙等过程,石油充注较充分与碳酸盐胶结较弱的叠合区是孔隙保存的有利区。     

南马庄油田沙三段储层特征

南马庄油田的产层为下第三系沙三段，储集砂体为浪控三角洲和湖滨滩坝相．储集岩性以细粒长石砂岩和粗粉砂岩为主．主要自生矿物为碳酸盐和高岭石、伊利石、伊－蒙混层、绿泥石等粘土矿物．还有少量自生石英和长石矿物．储集孔隙以次生粒间孔隙为主，其形成机制与有机质的热演化有关．储层物性虽好，但存在明显的层内、层间和平面非均质性．油层分布受岩性和构造的双重控制．     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩气藏储层成岩作用及成岩相——以苏里格气田桃X区块为例

以苏里格气田桃X区块上古生界二叠系盒8段储层为例,采用铸体薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、阴极发光、镜质体反射率、X线衍射及流体包裹体测温等多种分析测试手段,对储层的成岩作用、成岩序列及孔隙演化进行研究.研究结果表明:造成储层致密的主要原因是成岩期强烈的压实作用、压溶作用及石英、方解石和高岭石的胶结作用,而溶蚀作用对储层次生孔隙形成起到建设性作用;储层成岩作用阶段已达中成岩B亚期,根据控制孔隙演化的主要成岩作用,将储层成岩相划分为6种类型,阐述了各成岩相类型的孔隙演化模式,其中溶蚀-胶结相、高岭石-硅质胶结相为形成储层主要成岩相.1     

致密砂岩填隙物特征及其对储层的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地中北部二叠系山1 盒8 段为一套富含同沉积火山物质的致密砂岩,与普通的陆源碎屑岩相 比,其填隙物类型多样、成分复杂、成岩演化程度高。填隙物主要包括同沉积火山灰、黏土矿物、碳酸盐胶结和交代 物、硅质胶结物和少量细云母屑、泥屑、碳屑。针对致密砂岩中填隙物与孔隙演化相关性问题,在储层岩石学特征分析 的基础上,利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜及阴极发光等分析测试手段开展了填隙物的成因、特征、成岩演化等方面的研究。 研究表明,孔隙中充填的同沉积火山灰物质是次生溶孔形成的主要母质,而晚成岩期的铁方解石胶结物使残留的孔隙 再次遭到强烈的破坏,含一定量淀高岭石的储层孔隙相对发育。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

对准噶尔盆地株罗系砂岩储层成岩作用过程的研究结果表明，储层的孔隙演化主要与压实作用、溶蚀作用和胶结作用等有密切的关系。压实作用和方解石胶结作用是使原生孔隙遭受破坏的主要成岩作用类型；方解石和粘土矿物的溶蚀作用是形成次生孔隙的主要成岩作用类型；高岭石的后期充填是使次生孔隙遭受破坏的主要原因。各种成岩作用的时空配置关系控制着孔隙的发育程度；储层孔隙发育具有垂向分带性。在纵向上可划分出4个孔隙发育带，这对预测本区侏罗系储层物性的空间分布具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长6储层成岩相及其对物性的控制作用

在储层特征分析和成岩作用研究的基础上,划分了华池地区长6储层成岩相,探讨了成岩相对储层物性的控制作用.储层主要经历了压实、压溶、碳酸盐胶结、黏土矿物胶结、硅质胶结和长石溶蚀作用;根据不同的成岩作用特征,该区长6储层可划分为绿泥石薄膜弱溶蚀成岩相、长石溶蚀成岩相、伊利石充填成岩相和碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相;由于不同成岩相具有不同成岩特征和岩石组构,因此其孔隙、喉道的类型和分布特征各不相同,由此决定了不同类型成岩相的物性存在差异,该区绿泥石薄膜弱溶蚀成岩相物性最好,长石溶蚀成岩相次之,伊利石充填成岩相和碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相物性较差.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界储集砂岩的成岩作用

研究鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界砂岩储层特征,以及不同的成岩作用类型与储集性能的关系。通过分析取芯井的岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析数据,发现储集砂岩中发育有粒内溶孔、粒间孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔、溶缝等多种孔缝类型,其中最主要的是粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔;主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、溶蚀作用、碳酸盐矿物、硅质矿物和黏土矿物的形成作用。结合不同砂岩组分与孔隙面孔率的相关性,得到如下结论:(1)压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙度较差的重要原因;(2)增加砂岩整体孔隙度最重要的是溶蚀作用;(3)碳酸盐矿物的形成会导致砂岩孔隙度减小;(4)硅质矿物会一定程度减少砂岩粒间孔;(5)高岭石的形成对增加岩石整体孔隙作用有限,水云母和绿泥石对溶孔和晶间孔的形成不利。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that