S-过程元素丰度分布规律的研究

利用指数辐照理论的解析解研究了AGB星S过程元素的丰度分布规律 .结果表明 ,在低金属丰度下 ,AGB星核合成产量强烈依赖于金属丰度 ,但如果将Sm( 88相似文献   

强钡星和弱钡星的比较

利用星风吸积模型,计算了钡星的初始质量和AGB伴星的金属丰度对弱钡星和强钡星超丰因子的影响,计算了弱钡星和强钡星重元素(Y,Nd)丰度随轨道周期终值的变化,并和观测值作了比较.由此得出结论:强钡星和弱钡星的区别主要是金属丰度不同(即年代不同),而不是轨道距离;弱钡星和强钡星相比,属于较年轻、质量较大、金属丰度较丰富的星族;这就意味,s-元素的核合成在低金属丰度星族更有效产生.     

外赋AGB星s-元素丰度与金属丰度的关系

以内禀AGB星重元素丰度的演化和外赋AGB星重元素超丰的计算为基础,计算了外赋AGB星较重s-元素丰度、较轻s-元素丰度、重s-元素和s-元素丰度的比与平均中子辐照量的关系,从理论上定量解释了外赋AGB星s-元素与金属丰度的逆相关性.     

AGB星表面重元素丰度:初始丰度的影响

采用新的s-过程核合成模型和分叉s-过程反应通道,分别取太阳系重元素丰度,太阳系纯r和s-main分量的重元素丰度作初值,计算了太阳金属丰度3MTP－AGB星表面重元素丰度,结果表明,不同初值得到不同的表面元素丰度分布。     

AGB星重叠因子的计算与分析

通过对AGB星演化的模拟,得到在不同金属丰度下的AGB星的初终质量关系及初始质量和初始金属丰度对AGB星重叠因子的影响．     

钡星s-元素丰度的研究

采用角动量守恒的星风吸积模型,计算了5颗钡星的重元素丰度,并和观测结果作了比较.探讨了钡星的形成机制和中子俘获在重元素核合成方面所起的主导作用,及金属丰度对强钡星和弱钡星形成的影响.     

钡星的形成机制模型

Ba是对重元素核合成及星系化学演化的研究都有非常重要的意义。Ba星的重元素是超丰的，但其光度太低，认为还未演化到AGB阶段，并且没有观测到^99Tc核素。研究表明，Ba星应该属于双星系统，其重元素超丰来自双星吸积，它的伴星已经经历了S－过程核合成，而且由在以前发生的同其伴星（以前是AGB星，现已演化为白矮星）的质量传输过程中，从伴星那里获得了富含重元素的物质，这样造成了Ba星的重元素超丰。     

AGB星He壳层内重核素丰度分布

以13C（α，n）16O及22Ne（α，n）25Mg作为双脉冲中子源，对于星族Ⅰ低质量AGB星，采用无分叉s-过程反应通道，结合最新恒星演化的计算结果，在各物理参量合理取值范围内，计算了He壳层内重核素核合成。结果表明，随着脉冲数的增加，逐渐达到渐近丰度分布。渐近分布达到后，He壳层内s-元素的丰度仅与平均中予辐照量τ0有关。     

AGB星中子辐照量分布的特点

根据13C辐射燃烧的低质量AGB(asymptotic giant branch)星s-过程核合成模型,考察氦壳层核合成区域中子辐照量分布(简称DNE)的特点.结果表明,辐射s-过程核合成模型的DNE,即ρAGB(τ),与重叠因子r、核合成区域的质量比q、每次中子照射的最大辐照量rmnx和脉冲次数m等参数有关.增大各参量的值,都会使具有较大中子辐照量的种子核比例增加,但程度不同.r和m影响较小,q和rmnx影响较大,且q与r值相差越多q的影响越显著.选择合适的模型参数,还可以给出太阳系的DNE.根据AGB星s-过程核合成数值汁算的结果确定q,r,m的值,通过对多事件模型的结果进行最小二乘法拟合选择rmax的值,最后给出太阳系的DNE.     

重金属星的形成

重金属星是重金属丰度超丰的星,重金属是通过中子俘获形成的,中子俘获有两种过程,快中子俘获过程（r-过程）,慢中子俘获过程（s-过程）,AGB星是产生重金属的重要产地,贫金属的AGB星容易形成铅星,这已获得观测的支持。     

再生AGB星重核素丰度演化

以１３Ｃ（α，ｎ）１６Ｏ及２２Ｎｅ（α，ｎ）２５Ｍｇ作为双脉冲中子源，对于低质量ＡＧＢ星，采用无分叉ｓ－过程反应通道，结合最近恒星演化的计算结果，在各物理参量合理取值范围内，计算了ＡＧＢ星Ｈｅ壳层内、表面重核素的丰度，在此基础上将星风吸积模型同内禀ＡＧＢ星核合成模型结合起来计算外赋ＡＧＢ星重元素的超丰；以此为丰度初始条件，计算了再生ＡＧＢ星重核素的丰度的演化     

AGB星s-过程核合成:铁种子核受中子照射的概率

根据3种典型的AGB星s-过程核合成模型的中子辐照量分布,讨论了各恒星模型氦壳层区域内受中子照射的铁种子核数目比率(或铁种子核受中子照射的概率).该值在一定程度上反映了s-过程核合成模型的特点.结果表明,所有概率都随重叠因子r单调增加,r=1时,存在极限值1.在辐射s-过程核合成模型的情形,概率对13C壳层占氦壳层的质量比例q的变化很敏感.     

Nucleosynthesis yields from different mass stars

Stellar nucleosynthesis yield is a vital factor of galactic chemical evolution model With different yields，various evolutionary behavior of elements call be predicted，hence different scenarios of galactic chemical evolution call be shown Investigators calculated different yields adopting different parameters of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis The corresponding parameters and the resulting yields of elements are compared for low，intermediate-mass slats and massive slats，SO that these analyses call provide valuable information and guidance to stellar nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution studies.     

AGB星s-过程核合成:中子辐照量渐近分布

根据13C壳层在脉冲间隔期间辐射燃烧释放中子的AGB星s(slow) 过程核合成模型,采用3层简化假设,研究了氦中间壳层的中子辐照量渐近分布。结果表明,中子辐照量分布不再是通常所认为的指数形式,曲线先有一个简短的上升然后再单调下降,但除中子辐照量较低的一个小区域外,分布曲线仍与指数分布非常接近。这与根据恒星模型进行的核合成计算结果一致。     

Observation of interstellar lithium in the low-metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud

The primordial abundances of light elements produced in the standard theory of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) depend only on the cosmic ratio of baryons to photons, a quantity inferred from observations of the microwave background. The predicted primordial (7)Li abundance is four times that measured in the atmospheres of Galactic halo stars. This discrepancy could be caused by modification of surface lithium abundances during the stars' lifetimes or by physics beyond the Standard Model that affects early nucleosynthesis. The lithium abundance of low-metallicity gas provides an alternative constraint on the primordial abundance and cosmic evolution of lithium that is not susceptible to the in situ modifications that may affect stellar atmospheres. Here we report observations of interstellar (7)Li in the low-metallicity gas of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy with a quarter the Sun's metallicity. The present-day (7)Li abundance of the Small Magellanic Cloud is nearly equal to the BBN predictions, severely constraining the amount of possible subsequent enrichment of the gas by stellar and cosmic-ray nucleosynthesis. Our measurements can be reconciled with standard BBN with an extremely fine-tuned depletion of stellar Li with metallicity. They are also consistent with non-standard BBN.     

弱s过程分量系数C2的研究

利用贫金属星中子俘获元素丰度的模型计算了30颗样品星的分量系数,并详细分析了弱s过程分量系数C2小于零的各种可能原因。     

The elemental abundance pattern in a galaxy at z = 2.626

The discovery of metal-poor stars (where metal is any element more massive than helium) has enabled astronomers to probe the chemical enrichment history of the Milky Way. More recently, element abundances in gas inside high-redshift galaxies has been probed through the absorption lines imprinted on the spectra of background quasars, but these have typically yielded measurements of only a few elements. Furthermore, interpretation of these abundances is complicated by the fact that differential incorporation of metals into dust can produce an abundance pattern similar to that expected from nucleosynthesis by massive stars. Here we report the observation of over 25 elements in a galaxy at redshift z = 2.626. With these data, we can examine nucleosynthetic processes independent of the uncertainty arising from depletion. We find that the galaxy was enriched mainly by massive stars (M > 15 solar masses) and propose that it is the progenitor of a massive elliptical galaxy. The detailed abundance patterns suggest that boron is produced through processes that act independently of metallicity, and may require alternative mechanisms for the nucleosynthesis of germanium.