GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

洁净钢夹杂物形态控制

钢中夹杂物的性质主要决定于强脱氧元素的相对含量。为获得具有良好变形能力的塑性夹杂物,必须采用低铝铁合金合金化,然后用适宜组成的合成渣,通过渣-铜、夹杂物-钢之间建立的局部反应平衡控制钢液中强脱氧元素含量,达到控制夹杂物成分的目的。以弹簧钢为例,根据热力学理论．分析了炼钢工序中可能影响夹杂物组成的各种工艺因素,为夹杂物形态控制的实践提供理论依据。     

稀土在低合金易切削钢中的应用——20CrRES钢的研究

本文利用电子探针,Quantimet-720 自动图象分析仪及X 射线衍射等手段对稀土夹杂物的组成与形态进行了较为详细的观察和分析。结果表明,20Cr 钢中加入以 Ce为主的稀土元素改变了钢中夹杂物的组成及形态,从而大大提高了钢的切削加工性能,同时也保证了钢的机械性能及有关的工艺性能。在含 TiC 硬质合金刀具的表面上发现了稀土夹杂物的覆盖膜以及稀土夹杂物的包裹作用,这二者均为该钢易切化的重要机理。     

浅析硬线钢中非金属夹杂物

硬线盘钢制品时钢的纯净度,夹杂物的尺寸、分布以及形态都有严格的要求,非金属夹杂物又是影响硬线钢质量的主要因素之一.本文通过介绍硬线钢中非金属夹杂物的来源和分类,分析了不同类型夹杂物的形成机理及形貌,指出了非金属夹杂物对硬线钢的影响和危害.     

中碳钙硫易切削钢夹杂物形态控制

在实验室进行了1 kg坩埚实验,研究了中碳高硫结构钢钙处理前后夹杂物的形态、尺寸及组?结果表明:钢钙处理后获得了可以改善钢切削性的纺锤形夹杂物,夹杂物的平均纺锤形率为68.11%,并且随钢中[Ca]/[S]增加夹杂物纺锤形化趋势增加;钙处理后小于2.5 μm的夹杂物占夹杂物总量的76.05%,夹杂物细小、弥散分布于钢基体中;夹杂物类型以钙铝酸盐芯硫化物外壳的复合夹杂物、(Mn,Ca)S形式的硫化物为主,有少量的铝酸钙与CaS的复合夹杂物;含钙硫的45钢铸态钢锭比普通45钢铸态钢锭切削性能有所改善.     

津西H型钢冶炼过程中夹杂物行为

通过津西钢铁公司H型钢冶炼过程中全氧和氮含量的变化分析了其对H型钢质量的影响,钢中的大型夹杂物和显微夹杂物的类型、形态等.利用体积率法计算了钢中各类型夹杂物的分布情况.钢水一次脱氧不彻底,钢中T[O]高,造成夹杂物多,夹杂含量波动为裂纹的形成埋下隐患;由中间包到铸坯,夹杂物的去除率约为40%左右;大部分夹杂物来源并不单一;铸坯中显微夹杂粒径较小,0～10μm的夹杂占64%以上,而大于20μm的夹杂约占20%.     

不同碱度精炼渣系对弹簧钢夹杂物的影响

大颗粒不变形夹杂物是造成弹簧钢疲劳失效的主要原因。为了优化高级别弹簧钢55SiCr中夹杂物的组成、形态与分布,采用两次LF炉进站精炼方式,并在二次精炼过程中设计了两种不同碱度的渣系,通过氧氮分析仪、电子探针等检测手段对比分析两种工艺下钢中全氧含量、夹杂物尺寸与成分。结果表明,低碱度精炼渣使弹簧钢夹杂物成分趋近于Al2O3-SiO2-CaO系统中低熔点塑性化区间,但不利于大颗粒夹杂物的控制与消除;高碱度精炼渣使夹杂物的平均尺寸更小,分布更均匀,但夹杂物中Al2O3含量偏高;高碱度精炼渣有利于钢液的深脱氧,钢的洁净度更高,但需注意连铸过程中钢液的氧化。     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制

为了探讨钢中细小夹杂物的形成机制,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,理论计算了脱氧产物的生成优势区图,讨论了夹杂物长大的影响因素.钢中夹杂物的组成以MgO-A12 O3-TiOx为核心,表面包裹析出MnS,钢液中未发现单独的Al2O3和TiOx夹杂;夹杂物的形貌为近球形,平均尺寸为1μm左右,数量在1000 mm-2以上.镁含量较高的钢中含有少量以MgO-Al2O3和MgO为核心的夹杂物,不利于夹杂物的球形化,镁含量宜控制在50×10-6以下.镁的脱氧能力强,形核临界尺寸小、形核数量多以及钢液中镁、铝和钛复合脱氧的高熔点产物的特性有效地控制了钢中夹杂物的扩散与碰撞长大趋势.     

55SiMnVB钢中非金属夹杂物及其对钢疲劳性能的影响

本文报导了通过光学金相及用扫描电镜对试样断口进行能谱分析等方法,对55SiMnVB 钢中存在的非金属夹杂物进行了形态研究和成分分析,确定了夹杂物的种类,然后又用图象分析仪分析计算了夹杂物的总量(%)以及其中塑性夹杂与脆性夹杂的含量(%)。并进一步探讨了非金属夹杂物对弹簧钢疲劳性能的影响。     

应用镁蒸气对模具钢中夹杂物变性的研究

D2冷作模具钢最常见的失效形式为磨损失效,改善夹杂物的数量、形态和分布能降低钢的磨损率.利用颗粒镁在高温下生成镁蒸气,并通过高纯氩气携带通入钢液中,考察了镁对钢中非金属夹杂物的变性效果.实验结果表明,镁蒸气通入钢液后,钢中非金属夹杂物尺寸明显变得细小,夹杂物的成分从单纯的Al2O3和Al2O3与Cr,Mo和V等合金氧化物的复合产物向富MgO的MgO和Al2O3复合夹杂物转变.铸态组织的观察结果表明细小夹杂物在钢液中的残存对于凝固和相变过程中钢的晶粒细化有利.     

超声波功率对高碳钢中夹杂物的影响

研究了超声波功率对加稀土高碳钢中夹杂物的作用. 结果表明:超声处理可以明显弥散、细化和去除加稀土高碳钢中的夹杂物;随着超声波功率的增加,钢中总氧含量明显降低,夹杂物的平均直径明显减小,夹杂物得到一定程度的去除,但是夹杂物的当量个数明显增多. 超声波功率100 W时,高碳钢中总氧的质量分数为59×10-6,钢中夹杂物的当量个数I为134 mm-2,平均直径d为2.91 μm,小于2.31 μm的夹杂物占夹杂物总量的43%以上.     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions.Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly.The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions,which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix,when the Young’s modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix,the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion;otherwise,the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix.If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix,their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions.The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration.The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions. Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly. The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions, which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix, when the Young's modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix, the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion; otherwise, the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix. If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix, their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions. The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration. The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响

通过实验和有限元计算研究了MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响. 结果表明:当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向平行时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而增加;当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向垂直时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而降低. 对于具有扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的第二相,它对氢扩散的影响取决于扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的强弱以及第二相的形状、数量和取向.     

Precipitation and control of BN inclusions in 42CrMo steel and their effect on machinability

The precipitation and control of boron nitrogen (BN) inclusions in 42CrMo steel were investigated and their effect on machinability was analyzed. First, the precipitation regularity of BN in 42CrMo steel was studied by theoretical calculation. Then, the machinability of the steel was investigated through contrast cutting experiments, and the composition and cooling rate of the steel were controlled to analyze the variation laws of the size, distribution, and area ratio of BN inclusions. Finally, the results were combined with the machinability of the steel to analyze the relationship among them. It is found that the machinability of the steel is mainly influenced by the diameter and quantity of BN inclusions. Fine and dispersedly distributed BN inclusions are more beneficial for the improvement in machinability of 42CrMo steel than coarse and sparse BN inclusions.     

添加剂对悬浮浇注钢夹杂物及力学性能的影响

研究了悬浮浇注钢坯时加入稀土、铝、锰等元素对钢中非金属夹杂物及钢坯力学性能的影响，结果表明，稀土、铝和锰均可有效地改善夹杂物的形态、尺寸和分布，使钢坯塑韧性提高，其中以稀土和铝的作用更为明显。它们在钢液中与氧反应，形成大量分散细小的氧化物颗粒，使夹杂物的有害作用降低。当稀土以一号稀土合金形式加入时，造成夹杂物偏差，使钢的力学性能恶化。     

非调质钢中钛脱氧产物析出行为

从氧化物冶金的观点从发,利用扫描电镜和图像分析仪研究了非调质钢加钛脱氧后钢液中夹杂物的形貌、组成和尺寸分布以及孕育时间对夹杂的影响,并考察了加钛前后钢的组织变化.结果表明:钛的脱氧产物都可成为硫化锰夹杂的形核核心;此类夹杂物呈细小弥散析出,适当的孕育时间可使夹杂细化;加钛后,钢的组织细化.     

Effect of main inclusions on crack initiation in bearing steel in the very high cycle fatigue regime

This work aims to investigate the effect of main inclusions on crack initiation in bearing steel in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The size and type of inclusions in the steel were quantitatively analyzed, and VHCF tests were performed. Some fatigue cracks were found to be initiated in the gaps between inclusions (Al₂O₃, MgO-Al₂O₃) and the matrix, while other cracks originated from the interior of inclusions (TiN, MnS). To explain the related mechanism, the tessellated stresses between inclusions and the matrix were calculated and compared with the yield stress of the matrix. Results revealed that the inclusions could be classified into two types under VHCF; of these two, only one type could be regarded as holes. Findings in this research provide a better understanding of how inclusions affect the high cycle fatigue properties of bearing steel.     

非金属夹杂物对弹簧钢局部腐蚀的影响

Certain inclusions in high-strength 60Si2Mn–Cr spring steel result in poor resistance to localized corrosion. In this work, to study the effect of inclusions on the localized corrosion behavior of spring steel, accelerated corrosion tests were performed by immersing spring steel in 3wt% FeCl₃ solution for different times. The results show that severe corrosion occurred in areas of clustered CaS inclusions. Sulfide inclusions containing Ca and Mg induced the strongest localized corrosion susceptibility. For the case of (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions, the ability to induce localized corrosion susceptibility is ranked as follows: MgS > CaS > MnS. Moreover, CaS, (Ca,Mn)S, and (Ca,Mn,Mg)S inclusions were mainly responsible for inducing environmental embrittlement.     

镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物变性的影响简

本文研究了镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物的影响,对H13钢中夹杂物的变性进行了热力学计算,分析了镁对夹杂物成分、形貌和粒径分布的影响。结果表明,镁处理H13钢后,夹杂物由Al2 O3转变为MgO·Al2 O3,复合型夹杂物的析出位置也发生了改变,夹杂物粒径变小。镁处理使钢中1μm左右的夹杂物增多,2μm以上的夹杂物减少,随着镁含量的升高,粒径的变化更明显。铝质量分数为0．01％～0．03％的H13钢中,微量的镁就可促使MgO·Al2O3夹杂物形成,镁质量分数超过1×10^-4会导致H13钢中MgO·Al2O3完全消失,镁质量分数在3×10^-5～5．5×10^-5时钢液中镁铝尖晶石的数量达到最多。