重污染河道水解酸化-人工湿地修复工艺技术

目的探寻适合改善我国北方地区重污染河道的一种实用技术,提出水解酸化-人工湿地处理工艺,达到改善其水质的目的.方法分析辽宁省白塔堡河流受污染状况,采用水解酸化预处理,经预曝气装置进行充氧,然后污水经人工潜流湿地进行深度处理的"水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地"组合工艺对水体水质进行改善.结果白塔堡河污水采用水解酸化-人工湿地技术处理后,出水CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的质量浓度分别为20~30 mg/L、5.5~14 mg/L、0.11~0.47 mg/L、14~24 mg/L、2.3~7.6 mg/L和8~16 mg/L.系统对CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的去除率分别为75%~90%、90%~95%、90%~97%、50%~67%、76%~91%和79%~90%.结论水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地技术处理白塔堡河污水能够取得良好的效果,出水水质中除ρ(TN)和ρ(NH3-N)较高外,CODCr、BOD5和TP的平均出水质量浓度均达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅴ类标准.     

基于Petri网与BAT的造纸行业排放限值仿真

以OPMSE仿真计算造纸污水中COD,BOD5,NH3-N排放质量浓度为研究对象,查询及调研清河流域典型造纸行业产生的污水中COD,BOD5,NH3-N质量浓度范围,通过OPM SE仿真计算,结果表明:置信水平为99%时,COD置信区间为(34.09,41.84),BOD5置信区间为(6.65,8.40),NH3-N置信区间为(6.28,7.34);最佳出水各指标为ρ(COD)=12.79 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=2.62 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=3.33 mg/L,最差出水各指标为ρ(COD)=70.47 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=14.51 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=10.22 mg/L.将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定造纸行业的污染物直接排放限值为ρ(COD)=45 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=9 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=8 mg/L.     

某县污水处理厂运行效果评价的研究

某县污水处理厂采用曝气沉砂池、水解酸化池、缺氧池、卡鲁塞尔氧化沟、絮凝沉淀池的组合工艺处理城市污水,出水COD、BOD5、TN、NH4＋-N、TP、SS浓度分别低于为47 mg/L、7.8 mg/L、11.4mg/L、2.8 mg/L、0.5mg/L、7.8 mg/L,出水pH在6.95～7.77之间变化,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准的要求。2012年2月至2013年1月期间污水处理厂分别实现COD、BOD5、TN、NH4＋-N和TP减排4340、1184、255、258和24 t。     

初始pH值对废水反硝化脱氮的影响

为探讨pH值对硝态氮反硝化体系的影响,设定初始pH范围为4-10,对反硝化过程中NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TOC和△TOC/△TN的变化规律、反硝化动力学以及抑制机理进行研究. 结果发现：最适宜的反硝化pH值为8,过酸过碱都不利于反硝化过程的进行. 在pH=8时,反应时间最短,硝态氮的去除率为99.4%,TN的降解率为95.5%. 亚硝态氮积累量在pH〈7时小于1 mg/L;pH〉7时,随pH的增大而增大,最大积累率为22%. 硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH=8时最大,为2.52 mg NOx-N/（g MLVSS·h）;亚硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH=7时最大,为1.66 mg NOx-N/（g MLVSS·h）. 因此,反硝化最佳的pH值为7～8.     

低温下MBBR处理低碳氮质量比生活污水的同步硝化反硝化特性

以缺氧/好氧生物膜系统处理碳氮质量比为3.45±0.77的生活污水,当内回流比(R)为250%~300%时,重点考察低温下好氧移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)内的同步硝化反硝化(SND)特性。研究结果表明:系统通过延长水力停留时间(HRT)(19.2 h→30.3 h),较好地适应了季节性降温(25.2℃→14.6℃),出水COD((51.1±6.3)mg/L)和NH4+-N((2.76±2.02)mg/L)质量浓度分别达一级B和一级A标准。SND脱氮率受低温影响较小,当水温为(23.0±1.6)℃(R=250%),(19.5±0.9)℃(R=300%),(17.1±0.6)℃(R=300%)和(15.1±0.4)℃(R=300%)时,可去除进水中39.4%~47.3%的总氮TN,出水TN质量浓度分别为(18.44±2.60),(13.92±3.16),(14.93±2.19),(14.11±2.14)mg/L。同步反硝化成为发生SND的关键,平均厚度为323~1 143μm的载体生物膜可形成缺氧"微环境",并在长HRT下有效利用原水中的缓慢降解碳源,发生内源反硝化。在DO质量浓度为(3.5±0.5)mg/L,碳氮质量比为2.5~3.3时,MBBR内的生物膜可实现速率为0.353 mg/(L·h)的同步脱氮。     

煤化工废水处理工艺设计及运行

采用A/O工艺处理煤化工度水,运行结果表明,该工艺能有效去除废水中的主要污染物,在原水水质COD≤4000mg/L,BOD≤1000mg/L,NH<,3>-N≤4500mg/L时,出水COD为78mg/L,BOD为18mg/L,NH<,3>-N为10mg/L,出水水质稳定,达到了<钢铁工业水污染物排放标准>(GB13456-92)一级标准.     

压力变化对活性污泥脱氮除磷效能的影响

曝气压力对活性污泥工艺的运行效能具有较大影响,通过改变曝气压力,考察了活性污泥系统中硝化反硝化、生物除磷等过程的性能变化,论述了曝气压力变化对活性污泥脱氮除磷的强化效果.试验结果表明,恒定高压力曝气和高压变压力曝气均可强化活性污泥对水中污染物的高效快速降解效能.恒定曝气压力下,在0.5~0.7 MPa左右时,污染物的去除效果最优,COD在3 h内降解至100mg/L以下,去除率大于80%,出水氨氮在15 mg/L以下,去除率在60%以上,出水TP在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率约为95%.高压变曝气压力下,当压力变化间隔为20 min,即总运行时长为140 min时,污染物下降趋势最明显,出水COD约为100 mg/L左右,去除率大于60%,出水氨氮约20 mg/L左右,去除率约为50%,TP低于0.5mg/L,去除率高于95%.     

CAST分段进水深度脱氮性能及在线控制

以生活污水为处理对象,考察循环式活性污泥法(CAST)分段进水深度脱氮在线控制工艺中有机物降解、硝化和反硝化反应过程中氧化还原电位(ORP)及pH值的变化规律,建立这些控制参数与有机物去除、硝化和反硝化反应过程中主要污染物指标间的相关关系。研究结果表明:根据ORP及pH曲线上的特征点适时地停止曝气与进水缺氧搅拌,能更加有效地控制CAST多段进水工艺,达到深度脱氮的目的,并尽可能降低运行成本;当进水COD为155.0~443.6mg/L和NH4+-N质量浓度为57.98~82.40mg/L时,系统最终出水COD(化学需氧量)低于40mg/L,NH+4-N质量浓度低于0.5mg/L,TN(总氮)质量浓度低于2.0mg/L;在17,23和30℃时,升高温度能显著提高系统反硝化效果,反硝化速率随温度上升而递增;当原水有机碳源充足时,分段进水次数增多,由于反硝化速率加快,反应时间缩短,且反应末端外碳源投加量减少;采用CAST分段进水深度脱氮工艺系统除磷性能稳定,且去除率可达90%以上。     

SBR工艺用于生活污水除磷脱氮的试验研究

采用SBR工艺处理有机物含量低、氨氮含量高的城市污水,经过反复试验研究发现,该工艺对生活污水中氮、磷等污染物具有良好的去除效果。试验结果表明,采用试验水样平均进水水质为CODcr=197mg/L;BOD5=95mg/L;SS=203mg/L;NH4+-N=63mg/L;PO-34=1.3mg/L,各项污染物的平均去除率为:CODcr80%,BOD583%,NH4+-N75%,TP61%,处理后出水水质均能达到国家规定的排放标准(GB8978-1996),并提出了该工艺处理低碳高氮城市污水的最佳工艺条件。     

COD进水浓度对SBMBBR脱氮除磷效果影响

研究了序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)中COD进水浓度对同步脱氮除磷效果的影响.维持进水PO3-4-P浓度为10 mg/L、NH3-N浓度为40 mg/L左右,COD浓度为200～800 mg/L,研究了反应器的脱氮除磷效果.结果表明:厌氧释磷量在COD进水浓度为450 mg/L时达到最大,为61.2 mg/L;之后,增加COD进水浓度不利于磷的释放.在厌氧段初期,TN便有超过30%的损失,可能是因生物吸附造成的.好氧时TN和磷均损失较大,说明在生物膜上很可能发生了同时硝化反硝化和反硝化聚磷.一定范围的COD浓度能促进TN的去除.TN去除率在COD进水浓度为450 mg/L时达到最大,为87.8%,氮磷的去除与生物膜的生物量和生物膜厚度密切相关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~