绿片岩的单轴压缩各向异性蠕变试验研究

通过对锦屏二级水电站辅助交通洞的绿片岩单轴压缩蠕变特性试验,研究了轴向荷载方向与层理之间的不同关系对瞬时应变、应力应变关系、轴向应变速率、衰减蠕变持续时间和蠕变破坏机理的影响.研究结果表明:在相同低应力水平下,垂直于层理时的瞬时应变增量大于平行于层理时的瞬时应变增量,而在相同较高应力水平下垂直于层理时的瞬时应变增量小于平行于层理时的瞬时应变增量;同等应力水平条件下,垂直于层理时的轴向应变速率和衰减蠕变持续时间均小于平行于层理时的轴向应变速率和衰减蠕变持续时间.同时,当轴向荷载垂直或者平行于层理时,应力应变关系曲线均出现了压密、弹性变形、裂纹扩展和峰后破坏阶段,且蠕变破坏类型均属于脆性破坏.     

高水头作用下深埋长大隧洞围岩稳定的数值模拟研究

在深埋隧洞开挖过程中,不可避免地将会遇到高水压和高应力,以及这两个因素所控制和诱发的问题,因此分析水压作用对围岩稳定性的影响具有重要意义。针对研究高水压对深埋隧洞围岩稳定性的影响,结合锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞的实例采用FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟。通过计算不同水压力条件下的围岩最大变形量,建立围岩最大变形量与水压力之间的关系,求解临界水压力。当岩体强度满足一定条件时,只要水压力小于临界水压力,就可忽略水压对围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明:对于白山组大理岩Ⅱ类围岩可忽略水压作用;而对于白山组大理岩Ⅲ类围岩,高水压对其影响比较大,出现严重变形,需做支护处理。     

层状岩体隧道围岩稳定性的数值模拟分析

层状围岩中隧道开挖会引起非对称大变形现象,导致钢拱架扭曲、二衬开裂等工程问题。针对该问题,以四川省道219线改建工程海子山隧道为工程背景,在对该隧道围岩形变规律调研的基础上,建立基于块体离散元理论的数值模型,对层状围岩地层隧道稳定性进行数值分析。研究结果表明:隧道围岩大变形主要发生在以板岩为主的软弱岩层中,围岩的变形受层理面影响,表现出显著的非对称形变特征;当层理面与掌子面交线的视倾角等于0°时,层理面倾向角对围岩位移场及其破坏形态无影响。围岩侧压力系数λ=1、λ>1以及λ<1时,围岩的破坏形态分别受层理面、主应力方向、层理面与主应力方向共同控制;当视倾角等于90°时,围岩形变特征及其破坏形态在不同层理面倾向角的影响下存在4种模式。当视倾角不等于上述特殊情况时,在不同层面倾向角的影响下,围岩的变形特征及破坏形态存在8种模式。     

层状岩体破坏性质试验研究

层状岩体由于其明显的各向异性特点,以及复杂的破坏机制,严重影响了地下工程的安全施工。通过对层状岩石试件进行全应力-应变三轴加载试验来研究层理对其强度特性和变形特征的影响;同时利用弹性小变形理论对复合层状岩体的变形及弹性模量进行了推导计算。试验研究结果表明,由于层理面之间存在不规整现象,水平层理的存在使得岩石强度以及整体弹性模量有所降低,使得在试件破坏时岩层的整体变形量增大。     

深埋高围压高水压下低渗透岩石的渗透特性

为了探讨深埋高围压条件下低渗透岩石的渗透特性,取锦屏二级水电站大理岩试样分别进行不同围压条件下全应力—应变过程渗流试验。根据试验结果分析得出:岩石渗透系数变化与体积变形密切相关。因此,采用变形相关的渗透系数来研究岩石在破坏前后不同阶段的渗透系数与体积应变的关系。对于低渗透岩石,在峰前阶段渗透系数变化不明显,峰后破坏阶段渗透系数显著增大。高围压使岩石破坏延迟,岩石峰前阶段的低渗透特性表现的更持久。用变形相关的渗透系数模拟岩体流—固耦合问题更符合实际工程。     

充填物对含孔洞大理岩力学特性影响规律试验研究

为研究充填物对含孔洞岩石的力学特性及变形破坏特征的影响规律,室内预制加工了含孔洞及石膏充填物大理岩,分别对其进行单轴压缩和声发射试验,并对破坏前后试件进行CT扫描,分析其裂纹扩展规律.试验结果表明:(1)相比于含孔洞大理岩,石膏充填使试件的抗压强度提高了10.62％.二者峰前特征相似,均表现为孔周裂纹起裂引起第一次应力跌落现象,峰后特征则有所不同,石膏充填使大理岩变形的局部化特征更为明显.(2)峰后阶段,含孔洞试件声发射特征显著,裂纹扩展迅速,石膏充填试件稍慢,表明石膏充填遏制了试件的裂纹扩展.(3)含孔洞和石膏充填大理岩的破坏模型有所区别,含孔洞试件破坏裂纹较为单一,主裂纹以张拉破坏为主,翼裂纹在试件端部较多,部分从侧面贯通,形成块体掉落.充填条件下孔洞周边的裂纹更细更分散,小裂纹相互贯通,形成"X"状剪切破坏.     

单轴压缩声发射试验的页岩损伤演化规律

为获得受载页岩准确的损伤演化规律和声发射特征,完善以往受载岩石损伤单调增大的理论,进一步扩展对受载岩石内部损伤演化机理的认识,对陆相页岩进行单轴压缩声发射试验。试验结果表明:页岩单轴压缩过程分为4个阶段:压密阶段-弹性变形阶段-弹塑性变形阶段-峰后破坏阶段,压密阶段、弹性变形阶段和弹塑性变形前期有少量声发射信号,页岩峰值应力前后有大量声发射信号,特别是峰后破坏阶段,声发射信号急剧上升,声发射探头能够捕捉岩石的压密、裂纹的扩展和连通信息,声发射信号能够反映页岩内部微细观损伤演化过程;页岩平行层理面方向和垂直层理面方向的岩石损伤演化和声发射特征差别较大,因此对于层理性岩石不能忽略层理对岩石力学性质的影响;页岩压密阶段内部的微孔洞、微裂隙、宏观裂缝、层理被压实,损伤减小,页岩弹性模量不降反增,应力-应变曲线呈下凹型,首次提出受载岩石损伤先减小后增大,建立了更加合理的基于声发射特征的页岩单轴压缩损伤本构模型。     

长壁法开采缓倾斜极薄铁矿体围岩变形破坏机理

提出用长壁法开采缓倾斜极薄类铁矿体.建立了相似材料模型,借助全站仪、应变计和数码相机等仪器监测了模型围岩的变形、应力以及破坏情况,研究了坚硬围岩垮冒规律、应力变化、变形变化和围岩破坏特征.实验结果表明:围岩的破坏具有明显的间歇性和突变性,顶板断裂步距基本相同,断裂方向相互平行;在垂直方向上,处于不同位置的围岩断裂步距不同.得到了围岩的来压周期与移动规律.     

软硬互层状岩体的室内单轴压缩试验及数值模拟

以锦屏软硬互层状岩体为研究对象,基于室内试验分析单轴应力状态下岩样的3种破坏模式并结合数值模拟方法,分别探讨层面倾角、软弱夹层数量、分布及所占体积比等因素对互层状岩体变形特性、强度特征及破坏机制的影响。研究结果表明:锦屏互层状岩体的破坏总体遵循单轴压缩破坏的多裂纹劈裂模式,且在缓层面倾角范围内岩体的破坏以岩质材料自身属性为控制,而在较大倾角水平上则以层理弱面的影响为主导因素;软弱夹层数量对于层状岩体的U形强度规律影响不显著,但随着软弱夹层数量的增加,破坏荷载极小值有向层面倾角较小方向前移的趋势;随着软弱夹层所占体积比的增加,破坏荷载总体呈现下降趋势;当软弱夹层所占体积比接近时,软弱夹层数量的增加对岩样破坏荷载下降的影响与岩层倾角大小具有正相关关系,且当岩层水平时,对强度基本不发生影响。     

低透气性原煤瓦斯渗流各向异性试验研究

为研究低透气性煤层中瓦斯渗流的各向异性,以同一煤岩平行层理方向和垂直层理方向制取煤样,利用自主研制的试验装置进行含瓦斯煤三轴伺服渗流试验。结果发现平行层理煤样的渗透率远大于垂直层理煤样。在峰值破坏前,平行层理煤样随着轴压增加,渗透率在应力屈服点达到最小值,垂直层理煤样在弹性阶段初始时达到最小值;峰值破坏后,两个方向煤样的渗透率均呈非线性增长。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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