臭氧层形成及遭受破坏的热力学机制

由于光是一种有序的能量,因而光是一种非体积功W＇.利用公式△Go+RTlnK0p=0.119 6 n/λ计算的臭氧层氧气转变为臭氧的标准平衡常数K0pC（190K）= 3.33 × 1029,这说明了臭氧层的形成原因.利用公式△H=Qp+0.119 6n/λ计算了臭氧层氧气转变为臭氧反应的恒压反应热Qp,当λ=290nm时,Qp=-126.55kJ·mol-1.该反应为放热反应,解释了NO、CO及全球气温变暖对臭氧层破坏作用的原因.     

Wein位移定律的形式和内容

本文从统计的角度指出在理论上Wein位移定律λ_mΥ=0.29×10~(-2)(m·k)和λ_mT=0.51×10~(-2)(m·k)的形式和内容必须保持一致;从实验的角度确认了Wein位移定律的本来形式应该是λ_mΥ=0.29×10~(-2)(m·k),而不是λ_mT=0.51×10~(-2)(m·k)。     

C60分子中原子坐标的计算与调节

运用C60分子的Ih对称性及矢量运算方法,引入调节参数λ计算了正二十面体被截取顶角后的具有C60分子结构的原子坐标.当输入的调节参数λ＝0.337,C60分子的半径为Rc＝3.55×10-10m时,计算得到长短键分别为1.449-6×10-10m和1.402-3×10-10m,与实验测量值相符.并计算了在C60面心立方晶体中,C60的二次轴与晶轴取向一致时的各原子坐标、键中心坐标和面心坐标.     

取向多晶Fe-Ga合金结构与磁致伸缩应变研究

采用定向凝固的方法实验研究了取向多晶Fe-Ga合金的磁致伸缩性能.发现〈110〉轴向取向的Fe-Ga合金具有较大的磁致伸缩应变.在零预压力下,其饱和磁致伸缩应变λs为188×10-6;在20 MPa预压力下,λs可以达到286×10,具有明显的压力效应.还观察到在大的预压力(＞15 MPa)作用下,在低磁场范围出现负磁致伸缩应变现象.     

高真空技术在化学实验中的应用

通常把远比大气状态稀薄得多的空间叫做真空,具体指压力低于1.01×10~5Pa的气态空间也都称为真空。而真空度则以残留气体的绝对压力是多少Pa来表示。利用近代设备可以得到的真空可低达1.01×10~(-9)Pa,为获得高真空度,可采用称为分子抽气泵或扩散抽气泵设备来抽空。高真空是用根据稀薄气体的特殊性质而设计的专门的气体压力计来测量的。近几十年来真空技术发展迅速,它广泛应用于工业生产、教学实验和尖端科研中。就近的例子如我院精炼食用菜油科研中之真空快速过滤提纯、我省食品工业中的真空低温刺梨汁的纯化浓缩,以至广泛应用在尖端新型电光源工艺中之高真空(<1.3×10~(-3)～1.3×10~(-6)Pa)、热核控制中之超高真空(<1.3×10~(-6)～1.3×10~(-10)Pa)技术等等。在化     

波长对NO光解反应的影响

利用公式ΔGo+RTlnKop=0.1196n/λ计算了不同波长条件下NO光解反应的标准平衡常数.当波长为183 nm和230 nm时,反应NO+hv→N.+O.的标准平衡常数分别为3.64×109和1.45×10-14;当波长为230 nm时,反应2NO+hv→N2+O2的标准平衡常数为e279.72.解释了为什么NO吸收λ<183 nm的光子后解离为游离态的氮原子和氧原子,而吸收λ<230 nm的光子后形成激发态分子NO*,进而与NO反应形成N2和O2.     

温度对臭氧压力的影响

利用公式计算了不同温度下臭氧层内臭氧的最高压力．当臭氧层的温度分别为227K、237K、298K时，臭氧的压力依次为0．0104,0．0103、0．0100Pa．计算表明，温度上升对臭氧的压力的影响是非常小的．     

Pr1.8Bi0.1Sr0.8Ca0.3Cu2O6的制备,结构和性能研究

本文报道了新的含铜的氧化物的物相 Pr_(1.3)Bi_(0.1)Sr_(0.3)Ca_(0.2)Cu_2O_6的制奋、单晶结构和电磁性能.由单晶 X 射线衍射数据分析,该氧化物属四方晶系,空间群 D_(4λ)~(17)—l4/mmm.测得晶胞常数为α=3.831×10~(-10)m,c=19.642×10~(-10)m,Z=2,V=288.3×10~(-20)m~3。在4.5—300K 温度范围内,该物相不显超导性能。经高压纯氧气氛焙烧或经纯160 Pa 氧焙烧后再经氩气氛处理的 Pr_(2-x)(Sr,Ca)_(l+2)Cu_2O_(?)(x≈0至0.4)样品也不显超导性能.     

热压碳化硼的热导率和膨胀系数

用激光闪烁法测定碳化硼的导热系数,用DF 1500膨胀仪测定热膨胀系数,研究了其热导率与温度、孔隙度和晶粒度的关系.研究结果表明:碳化硼热导率与温度的关系可表示为1/λ=2+0.0055t或1/λ=(6.28t+1840)×105;热导率与孔隙度的关系可表示为λ=λs(1-θ)/(2+2.2θ)或λ=λs(1-1.5θ);当θ=0.08,且在室温时,碳化硼平均热膨胀系数为4.4×10-6/K,从而可保证该材料在快中子反应堆中安全使用.     

溅射压强对柔性PET衬底ZnO薄膜性能的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法,在室温水冷柔性PET衬底上成功制备出了掺钛氧化锌(ZnO:Ti,TZO)透明导电薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)研究了薄膜的结构,用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了薄膜的表面形貌,用四探针和紫外-可见分光光度计等仪器对薄膜的特性进行测试分析,研究了溅射压强对ZnO:Ti薄膜表面结构、形貌、力学、电学和光学性能的影响。结果表明,溅射压强对PET衬底上的TZO薄膜的性能有显著的影响,实验制备的ZnO:Ti薄膜为具有C轴择优取向的六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜;当溅射压强从2Pa增加到4Pa时,薄膜的电阻率由10.87×10-4Ω.cm快速减小到4.72×10-4Ω.cm,随着溅射压强由4Pa继续增大到6Pa,薄膜的电阻率变化平缓,溅射压强为5Pa时薄膜的电阻率最小,为4.21×10-4Ω.cm;经计算得到6Pa时样品薄膜应力最小,为0.785 839GPa;所有样品都具有高于91%的可见光区平均透过率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.