Systematic experiments to establish the spatial distribution of physiologically effective stimuli of unidentified nature

Many persons react to a kind of external agent by unconscious muscular reactions if they move across a place where this agent is supposed to be particularly active. Such places normally coincide with geological discontinuities, such as water veins, mineral ores. Practitioners of this art of detecting claim that the reaction patterns on different levels above ground are identical as vertical projections of the source pattern, this without perceptible attenuation. In some cases the supposed source was believed to have been found up to several hundred meters below ground surface. The statement of perpendicular propagation, which is the subject of this paper, is of prime importance for an approach towards understanding and all kinds of prospecting.     

Experimental investigation of the perceptibility of the artificial source for the dowsing agent. Progress report

Summary An artificial source for dowsing experiments is described. Investigations on the perceptibility of this source by turning on and off the water flow gives significant statistical results. The experiments for locating the source compared with blank experiments equally reveal perceptibility. An unexpected hysteresis in the reactions is observed when changing the source conditions in time and space. The behaviour of the sensitivity of the operator is deduced from many locating experiments.Acknowledgments. The author expresses his gratitude to the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche for supporting this project, particularly to Prof. Dr A. Pletscher, the operators mentioned by the code names TR, RU, ER, ME, KO, RY and others, and all persons who contributed to this investigation.     

Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in chick embryos

Summary Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid was found in the kidneys (mesonephros and metanephros) of the chick embryo as well as in the yolk sac membrane. The activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase in the yolk sac membrane suggested that it was the major source of ascorbic acid in the chick embryo.I am grateful to Dr R. Jenness (Univ. of Minnesota) for the generous gift of L-gulonolactone and to Dr B. Sanders (Univ. of Texas) for the chick embryo samples     

Dissecting weak discernibility of quanta

In this paper I critically examine latest attempts to formalize quantum-mechanical relations that are supposed to weakly discern elementary particles. I argue that all of them make illegitimate and unavoidable reference to numerical identity, and therefore cannot be used as a means to ground (or derive) quantitative facts of identity/distinctness in the qualitative characteristics of quantum systems. I compare my criticism of weak discernibility with the general circularity objection known from the literature, and I show that my argument is more specific, as it is based on a particular criterion which differentiates between legitimate and illegitimate uses of identity. In the end I suggest that we should reevaluate the role of permutation invariance in expressing the facts of qualitative differences between particles. Taking into account the inevitable symmetrization requirement applied to operators in tensor product spaces, it may be claimed that particles of the same type can be absolutely discerned in some accessible states.     

Histopathological modifications following immunotherapy with P 40 in rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma

Summary Female Sprague-Dawley rats bearing primarily-induced mammary carcinomas were treated with a new immunostimulating agent (P 40). The histopathological modifications encountered in tumors, lymph nodes, liver and spleen are described. Intratumoral injections provoke a more widespread response of the RES, and particularly a more intense reaction in the draining lymph nodes, than systemic treatment.This work was partly supported by a contract from CHU Necker Enfants Malades (Prof. J. Reynier), with the help of the Ligue Nationale Française contre le Cancer, the FEGE-FLUC and the International Society against Breast Cancer.We thank also the Ecole de Chirurgie, Paris, and the Pasteur Institute which kindly provided the immunostimulating agent P 40. The skillfull collaboration of Dr R. Villet, Mlle G. Amichot and Mme J. Garaudel is gratefully acknowledged.     

Biphasic regulation of transport through plant cell membranes by kinetin and its possible relation to directed transport between source and sink

Summary The significance of a biphasic dose-response curve of kinetin for the source-sink relation is shown. Such a regulator can create simultaneously both source and sink.I am indebted to Mrs. Dr.R. Grill for help with the translation of this paper.     

Binding of centchroman—a nonsteroidal antifertility agent to human plasma proteins

Summary Centchroman, a non-steroidal antifertility agent showed a low affinity (K_d=13.19×10^–6 M) and nonsaturable binding to human plasma. Centchroman did not complete either with sex hormone binding globulin or corticosteroid binding globulin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and temperature dependent binding characteristics revealed that the protein responsible for centchroman binding to human plasma resembles albumin.Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Dr. Nitya Nand for his interest in this investigation. CDRI Communication No. 3333.     

Measuring cellulose decomposition using Benchkote-paper,for the estimation of soil pollution with copper

Summary Cellulose decomposition in paddy soil polluted by copper was determined by the use of polyethylene-backed absorbent paper (Benchkote) as a source of cellulose. It was shown that the paper is a suitable material for measuring the rate of cellulose decomposition. Correlations were found between copper content in the soil, the growth of rice plants and the cellulose decomposition rate.Acknowledgment. Gratitude is extend to Dr M.H. Martin, Department of Botany, University of Bristol, England, for suggesting the use of Benchkote paper.     

A fungitoxic principle from the leaves ofLawsonia inermis Lam.

Summary During antifungal screening of higher plants, the leaves ofLawsonia inermis were found to exhibit strong fungitoxicity. On chemical investigation, the antifungal factor was found to be 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone). The minimum effective dose against test organism was found to be 1000 ppm. Lawsone was found to exhibit fungicidal activity, wide fungitoxic spectrum and nonphytotoxicity.Acknowledgment. Authors are thankful to Dr Nitya Nand, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, for providing facilities to carry out chemical investigations. Our thanks are particularly due to Dr R. S. Kapil, Dr Geeta Devi Tripathi and Dr S. C. Tripathi for their help rendered in various ways.     

A component of polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) may be an alternative substrate for ATP-glycerol transferase

Summary A low molecular weight fraction of a polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) preparation simulated glycerol in a milieu designed for enzymatic assay of glycerol. It is suggested that a component of this PPP mixture is able to act as an alternative substrate for the ATP-glycerol transfer enzyme; it becomes phosphorylated and thus initiates the series of reactions resulting in a increased conversion of NADH to NAD and the observed changes in absorbance.The authors are pleased to acknowledge the support of Dr D.C. Williams, the useful discussion with Dr M. Higgins and Dr J.J.M. Rowe and the generous supply of polyphloretin compounds from A.B. LEO Laboratories, Helsingborg, Sweden.     

The absolute configuration of SU 23397: A novel neuroleptic agent

Summary The absolute configuration of a novel chiral neuroleptic agent SU 23397 (I) was determined by ORD comparison of (+)-5-methoxy dihydro coumarilic acid (VIII), a synthetic precursor of SU 23397 (I), with (+)-dihydro coumarilic acid, whose absolute configuration is known⁹. This assignment was confirmed by oxidative degradation of (+)-5-methoxy dihydro coumarilic acidVIII tod-(+)-malic acid.Acknowledgments. We wish to acknowledge and thank Dr J. Karliner, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, New York, for the ORD curves. We thank Dr Max Wilhelm for support and encouragement.     

Prediction of historical and contemporary luminosity (UFO) reports by seismic variables within Western Europe

Summary Changes in tectonic strain within the earth's crust have been hypothesized to be the primary energetic source for most documented UFO (unidentified flying object) reports. Discriminant and multiple regression analyses indicated that seismic variables that correctly classified and predicted years that contained reports of spectacular spherical luminous phenomena during the 19th century, also correctly predicted major UFO episodes during the present century. The results indicate that phenomena once labelled as odd luminosities, mysterious airships and phantom airplanes in previous decades are associated with UFOs now.Acknowledgments. Thanks to Dr B. D. Eastman, Professor of Economics and Dr Abraham Barnett, Professor of Sociology for our many enlightening discussions concerning sampling and multivariate analyses. Special appreciation to Claudette Larcher and to Mr Steve Beynon, Mr Douglas Flemming and the DEC2020 System Support Staff for their technical assistance.     

Rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in vivo in brain nuclei of genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain

Summary The rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in vivo is unaltered in brain areas of 5, 9 and 21 week-old Lyon genetically Hypertensive (LH) rats as compared to both Lyon Normotensive (LN) and Low Blood Pressure (LL) rats, except for a decrease in the C1 area of the medulla oblongata in 9 week-old animals.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to thank Dr M.F. Belin, Dr J.F. Pujol and Mrs J. Sacquet for their help during this study. This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale Française and the C.N.R.S.     

Isolation of (−)-cryptosporiopsin,a chlorinated cyclopentenone fungitoxic metabolite fromPhialophora asteris f. sp.helianthi

Summary The (–)-enantiomer of cryptosporiopsin, a chlorinated cyclopentenone fungitoxic metabolite, was isolated fromPhialophora asteris f. sp.helianthi. Next to a comparable fungitoxic activity as shown by crypstosporiopsin, the product particularly inhibits growth ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum, an important pathogen on sunflower. Two further metabolites were tentatively identified as a stereoisomer of cryptosporiopsin and its dehydrated derivative.The authors are much indebted to Dr.G. M. Strunz (Canadian Forestry Service) for valuable suggestions and the generous gift of cryptosporiopsin and to the University of Utrecht for the part-time fellowship to one of us (Y.T.) given.     

Effects of repeated administration of potassium canrenoate (SC-14266) on serum gonadotrophin,prolactin, testosterone and progesterone in male rats

Summary Chronic administration of potassium canrenoate (SC-14266), a water-soluble anti-aldosterone agent, increased serum LH levels in male rats without altering serum levels of FSH, prolactin, testosterone and progesterone. The increase in serum LH may be due to the anti-androgenic effect of potassium canrenoate.Acknowledgments. The authors thank the Rat Pituitary Hormone Distribution Program, NIAMDD, NIH and Dr A.F. Parlow for radioimmunoassay materials.     

Study of the metabolites ofPhyllosticta maydis. I. Isolation and partial identification

Summary Various metabolites of the fungusPhyllosticta maydis have been isolated, particularly mevalonolactone. The most interesting of these compounds, which is highly toxic to corn seeds (Zea mays), and which is probably a complex polyol, is the subject of the present report.Acknowledgment. The authors are indebted to Professor T. Gäumann for his cooperation and Dr J.C. Tabet who performed the measurements of mass-spectrometry.     

Phosphatidyl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanine synthesis of distearoyl L-α-glycerylphosphoryl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanine

Zusammenfassung Die erste Synthese eines Phosphatidyl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanins wird beschrieben.

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Dedicated to Professor Dr.Erich Baer in honour of his 70th birthday.

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The nomenclature used in this communication is that used byFischer andBaer for well-nigh 4 decades. However, according to the rules of IUPAC-IUB commission this should be 1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alanine.

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The authors thank the National Institute of Health (USA) and the Medical Research Council (Canada) for making the grants available to ProfessorE. Baer, which made this work possible.

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The authors thank Dr.J. von Euw and Professor Dr.T. Reichstein of the University of Basel (Switzerland) for kindly providing the rotation. As the optical purity is a very important criterion of the activity of the phospholipids; this has been determined on the Schmid and Heansch polarimeter (visual) as well as on the Perkin Elmer polarimeter (photoelectric) with excellent agreement.     

The legs ofMusca domestica andGlossina morsitans females as the site of sex pheromone release

Summary The site of sex pheromone release inMusca domestica andGlossina morsitans is the legs. Unicellular glands restricted to the tarsi and to the tibia are proposed as the source of the pheromone. The structure of the glands is described.Acknowledgments. TheMusca domestica stock, obtained from Dr H. Penner at the Department of Health, Jerusalem, was the insecticide-susceptible strain of the WHO Centre, The Zoological Institute, University of Pavia, Italy. Dr A.M. Jordan of the Tsetse Research Laboratory at Bristol suppliedGlossina morsitans pupae.     

Localization of bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-like immunoreactivity in rat pancreatic monolayer culture

Summary Antiserum to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) has been used for immunofluorescent staining in the light microscope. With this technique it is possible to detect the presence of specific cells in monolayer culture from neonatal rat pancreas which contain BPP or a closely related peptide.This work was supported by a grant (No. 3.553.75) from the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique. We are very grateful to Dr.R. E. Chance, Eli Lilly, for his generous gift of BPP and anti-BPP serum. We are also very obliged to Dr.R. H. Unger for providing glucagon, to Dr.J. Rivier and Dr.R. Guillemin for somatostatin, to Dr.N. Yanaihara for secretin, to Dr.W. Gepts for gastrin and to Dr.A. J. Moody for GLI.     

Improved method for preparation of microcrystalline chlorophyll a withAnacystis nidulans as a source

Summary Because of the lack of chlorophyll b, blue-gree algae are a better source of microcrystalline, high-purity chlorophyll a than the spinach leaves so far used. The preparation is easy and rapid, and the danger of chemical alteration of the chlorophyll is reduced.Acknowledgments. I thank Prof. E. Broda for his interest and Prof. H. Falk for valuable advice. I am also indebted to Mr E. Maday (IR spectography), Dr J. Seifert (X-ray) and Dr H. Zak (elemental analysis.). The work was supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung of the Republic of Austria.