12-钼磷酸的制备及催化合成MTBE

采用酸化-醚化法制备了12-钼磷酸,并以此为催化剂催化合成了甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE).研究了催化剂用量、反应时间及反应物摩尔比对反应产物产率和选择性的影响,同时研究了不同催化剂对该反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.     

微波辐射法制备活性二氧化锡并催化合成乙酰水杨酸

利用微波辐射处理五水四氯化锡溶胶制备出活性二氧化锡,小试研究活性二氧化锡催化合成乙酰水杨酸.并研究了酯化反应的优化条件,结果表明微波辐射法制备的二氧化锡呈现出较高的催化活性和选择性,其催化合成乙酰水杨酸产率比以浓硫酸为催化剂的产率高,也明显高于一般普通二氧化锡催化产率;活性二氧化锡催化酯化反应的最佳时间为45min,最佳温度为85℃,乙酸酐与水杨酸的最佳物质的量比为21.活性二氧化锡催化剂安全无毒,克服了浓硫酸的强腐蚀性、强氧化性、难于与产品分离、对环境污染大等诸多缺点,因此,活性二氧化锡可望成为一种较好的能取代液体浓硫酸并对环境友好固体酸催化剂.     

甘氨酸燃烧法制备Co/CeO_2催化剂用于CO选择性氧化脱除

采用甘氨酸燃烧法制备了不同负载量的Co/CeO_2催化剂,考察了钴负载量和反应温度对其在富氢气氛中选择性催化氧化CO的反应性能,并与浸渍法制备的Co/CeO_2催化剂进行了对比;同时采用XRD、SEM和H_2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在富氢气氛下,甘氨酸燃烧法制备的Co/CeO_2催化剂,对CO的选择性催化氧化反应,具有较好的低温反应活性和较高的选择性.当钴金属氧化物负载量为30%时,在150~200℃,催化剂对CO的催化氧化率达到99%以上;并且在反应温度为150℃时,催化剂对CO催化氧化的选择性达到100%.另外,通过用XRD、Raman和TPR对催化剂进行分析表征,在甘氨酸燃烧法制备的催化剂中Co_3O_4具有较好的分散度,Co和Ce之间的相互协同作用提高了催化剂的催化氧化活性和选择性.     

介孔二氧化锰制备及其催化臭氧氧化草酸研究

采用纳米刻蚀法制备了介孔二氧化锰臭氧催化剂,并考察了其催化臭氧氧化降解草酸的性能.该催化剂高比表面积(142m~2·g~(-1))的有序纳米棒有利于催化剂活性位点的暴露和物质的吸附,从而增强了催化剂的催化活性.羟基自由基是催化臭氧氧化过程中产生的主要活性氧物种,该催化剂的羟基自由基产率是非介孔二氧化锰的2倍;朗缪尔吸附模型表明该催化剂对草酸的吸附能力是非介孔二氧化锰的9.42倍;该催化剂催化降解草酸的准一级反应动力学常数是非介孔二氧化锰的3倍.     

曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属催化剂对Heck反应催化性能研究

制备了曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物催化剂,考察了催化剂对芳基卤和取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:在反应温度为80℃、反应时间为8 h、TBABr作为溶剂和三丁胺作为碱的条件下,曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物能够有效地催化Heck芳基化反应,产率达85%以上.该催化剂对不同取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck反应也有很好的催化性能.     

膨润土负载型固体酸催化剂催化合成生物柴油

以自制固体酸催化剂ZnCl2/膨润土催化大豆油制备生物柴油,考察了反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明:在ZnCl2负载量30%、催化剂用量5%、醇油物质的量比10∶1、反应温度65℃和反应时间5h时,生物柴油的产率可以达到82%以上.自制生物柴油的性能指标完全达到0#普通柴油标准和柴油机燃料调和用生物柴油标准要求.     

TiO2负载SnCl2催化酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯

采用浸渍法制备SnCl2/TiO2固体催化剂,考察了载体制备方法、SnCl2负载量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等制备条件对其催化苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应的影响.结果表明,以水解法制备的TiO2栽体负载25%SnCl2,在450℃下焙烧2 h得到的催化剂活性最佳,苯酚转化率为39.15%,碳酸二苯酯选择性达到62.32%.N2吸附-脱附表征结果表明,载体比表面积和孔结构对DMC和苯酚酯交换反应的产物产率和产物分布有显著的影响,大比表面积大孔容的催化剂增加了活性组分负栽量,易于生成大分子的DPC,提高了PhOH转化率和DPC的选择性;而小比表面积小孔容的催化剂,催化活性低,且只易于生成小分子的MPC.傅里叶红外表征结果说明,催化剂中的活性组分SnCl2转变为SnO2是催化剂失活的一个重要原因.     

2,7-二溴芴酮的合成研究

研究了以芴酮为原料，水作为溶剂在碘催化下直接溴代制备2，7-二溴芴酮的方法，考察了不同的溶剂、催化剂、反应时间、反应温度对产率的影响．该制备方法选择水为溶剂、碘作为催化剂，在100℃下反应4h产率为60．3％．并对所合成化合物的结构进行了红外、核磁波谱表征．     

活性炭负载无机盐催化制备环己烯的研究

选取了FeCl3.6H2O,AlCl3.6H2O,SnCl4.5H2O,CuCl2.2H2O,NaHSO4.H2O五种无机盐,以活性炭负载,代替浓硫酸作催化剂制备环己烯,通过改变实验中催化剂、催化剂用量,寻找出催化性能好、催化效率高、选择性好、目标产物产率高并可重复使用的催化剂NaHSO4.H2O/C作为该优化实验的最佳催化剂,最佳用量3.0 g,环己烯产率达到85.2。     

S2O82-/ZrO2-Cr2O3固体超强酸催化合成乙酸苄酯

以ZrOCl2 ·8H2 O ,CrCl3·6H2 O和 (NH4 ) 2 S2 O8为主要原料制备了新型固体超强酸催化剂S2 O82 -/ZrO2 -Cr2 O3,用于催化合成乙酸苄酯 .考察了乙酸 /苯甲醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂种类和用量对酯产率的影响 .在典型反应条件下 (0 .5g催化剂 ,0 .18mol苯甲醇 ,0 .36mol乙酸 ,10 .0mL苯 ,回流反应 2 .0h)产率可达 80 .1% .该催化剂易于回收 ,且可重复使用 ,具有良好的活性稳定性 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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