Characteristics of Al_2O_3, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al_2O_3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating detailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subsequently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al_2O_3 inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.     

铝对自保护药芯焊丝焊缝组织及力学性能的影响

通过光谱分析、Luzex.F图像分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能试验等手段,研究了高铝BaF2渣系自保护药芯焊丝焊缝中的Al含量对焊缝中夹杂物、微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随焊缝中的Al含量增高,焊缝夹杂物平均尺寸增大;焊缝中的夹杂物以AlN和Al2O3为主,在低Al焊缝中以Al2O3为主的夹杂物较多,而在高Al焊缝中AlN夹杂较多;Al含量的不同会引起焊缝微观组织的改变,以Al2O3为主的夹杂物能够诱导焊缝中针状铁素体形核,而AlN夹杂会引起焊缝组织粗大;焊缝中Al含量增加使焊缝的强度增高而韧性下降.     

IF 钢铸坯厚度方向洁净度演变

采用夹杂物原貌分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析、氧氮分析等手段系统分析了 IF 钢铸坯全厚度方向的洁净度变化及夹杂物分布规律.铸坯厚度方向全氧(T. O)和 N 质量分数平均值均为17×10-6.内、外弧表层1/16内 T. O、N 均高于平均值5%~10%,存在夹杂物聚集带;内弧1/4至外弧1/4区域 T. O、N 水平低于平均值5%~10%;表层1/16至1/4区域接近平均水平.共统计夹杂物963个,夹杂物平均粒径5.7μm,<5μm 占60%, < 10μm 占90%;Al2 O3夹杂主要存在表层5 mm 内,尺寸在2~10μm;TiN- Al2 O3和 TiN 粒子主要在距离表层5 ~ 80 mm,尺寸随深度增加而增大;TiN- TiS 和 TiS 夹杂主要在距离表面80~130 mm,尺寸1~5μm.从铸坯表层到中心主要夹杂物的分布依次是 Al2 O3、Al2 O3- TiN、TiN、TiN- TiS、TiS 和 MnS.     

Effect of continuous casting speed on mold surface flow and the related near-surface distribution of non-metallic inclusions

For the control of surface defects in interstitial-free(IF) steel, quantitative metallographic analyses of near-surface inclusions and surface liquid flow detection via the nail-board tipping method were conducted. The results show that, at casting speeds of 0.8 and 1.0 m/min, a thin liquid mold flux layer forms and non-uniform floating of argon bubbles occurs, inducing the entrainment and subsequent entrapment of the liquid flux; fine inclusion particles of Al_2O_3 can also aggregate at the solidification front. At higher casting speeds of 1.4 and 1.6 m/min, the liquid mold flux can be entrained and carried deeper into the liquid steel pool because of strong level fluctuations of the liquid steel and the flux. The optimal casting speed is approximately 1.2 m/min, with the most favorable surface flow status and, correspondingly, the lowest number of inclusions near the slab surface.     

添加Al_2O_3对95W-Ni-Fe合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

针对钨合金作为预制破片战斗部穿甲后的易碎性,研究了添加不同粒径Al2O3对95W合金微观组织与性能的影响.结果表明,随着添加的Al2O3粒径的减小,钨合金中钨颗粒的平均直径尺寸减小 获得的新型95W合金的静态抗拉强度和延伸率均低于传统95W合金,并且新型95W合金的强度和延伸率随着添加Al2O3初始粉末粒径的降低而增加 添加Al2O3初始粉末粒径的减小增大了新型95W合金的抗压强度 新型钨合金由于Al2O3的存在引发了大量初始裂纹并在承受冲击载荷时导致应力集中,微裂纹迅速连结并扩展后形成裂纹.     

IF钢凝固过程中Al_2O_3-TiN复合夹杂物的形成机理

以理论分析和实验研究相结合的方式分析了IF钢凝固过程中Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂物的形成机理.结果表明,以凝固分率0.9为界限,钢水凝固过程中Al2O3和TiN先后通过异质形核方式析出并结合形成Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂物;冷却速率越小,复合夹杂物粒径越大;在冷却速率一定时,可作为异质形核核心的夹杂物的粒径越大,凝固过程中析出的复合夹杂物的长大程度越小;复合夹杂物内层Al2O3粒径越小,外层TiN长大程度越明显.     

Co/Al2O3/FeNi隧道结的中间层厚度对其输运特性的影响

制备了不同Al2O3厚度的Co／Al2O3／FeNi隧道结，并在77K温度下测量了其输运特性。发现随着厚度的增加，TMR下降。但是当Al2O3厚度降为2nm时，磁电阻不再出现典型的双峰曲线，而是呈现高阻和低阻两个状态。测量了隧道结的TMR随外加电压的变化、伏安特性曲线、电阻随温度的变化曲线，综合所有因素，在文中制备条件下，Al2O3厚度为4nm时，隧道结性能最好。     

Characteristics of Al2O3, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al2O3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating de-tailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subse-quently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al2O3 inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.     

锆脱氧钢中非金属夹杂物及对显微组织的影响

实验用钢在低碳锰钢基础上采用锆脱氧及钛微合金化,研究了连续冷却和等温热处理条件下的组织转变行为,分析了夹杂物的析出类型及对组织转变的影响机理.统计结果表明:夹杂物在0.2~1μm尺寸范围内有较高的数量密度,主要为Zr O2·Mn S和Zr O2·Mn S·Ti N复相夹杂,与热力学分析结果一致.实验钢以1℃/s连续冷却及500℃等温时均得到晶内针状铁素体组织,促进铁素体形核的主要夹杂物类型为Zr O2·Mn S·Ti N.Mn S以Zr O2为核心复合析出形成贫锰区是促进铁素体形核的重要因素,Ti N的复合析出降低了铁素体形核界面能,进一步促进了针状铁素体转变.     

La2O3/Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体的制备及其耐温性能的研究

以TiCl4、La2O3、Al片为原料,采用液相共沉淀法制备了La2O3/Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体,采用DSC-TG、XRD、TEM技术对该纳米复合粉体进行了表征.结果表明纳米TiO2粉体经La2O3掺杂和Al2O3复合后,其耐温性能得到显著提高,该复合粉体经900℃煅烧后,粒径在32nm左右,锐钛矿含量约为77.2%(mol%)     

超低氧车轮钢中TiN夹杂析出的热力学分析及控制

通过对高速车轮钢中TiN夹杂物析出进行热力学分析,得到了车轮钢的液相线和固相线温度及1873K时Ti、N的活度.对TiN生成反应和钢中Ti、N溶度积进行了计算.结果表明:TiN只能在固相中生成,但在本车轮钢Ti、N含量下,固相中也没有TiN生成的条件,只有在钢液凝固前沿,由于Ti、N在两相区的富集,TiN夹杂物的生成反应得以进行.因此,在生产中,适当提高连铸二冷的冷却速率,使钢液快速凝固,减少凝固前沿Ti、N的富集时间,可减少纯TiN的析出.对本实验车轮钢中TiN夹杂的检测结果进行计算分析可知,在正常生产时铸坯冷却速率条件下,将钢中Ti的质量分数控制在3.5×10-5以下、N的质量分数控制在3.1×10-5以下,理论上可以消除TiN夹杂物的析出,改善车轮钢的疲劳性能,提高车轮的使用寿命.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(2Y)复合材料的相变行为与力学性能

研究了真空烧结法制备Al2O3/ZrO2(2Y)复合材料.讨论了ZrO2(2Y)的含量、相对密度对Al2O3陶瓷力学性能的影响,以及相变增韧、显微组织与力学性能的关系.     

Characteristics of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al₂O₃, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating detailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subsequently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al₂O₃ inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.     

TT610L大梁钢冷弯裂纹原因分析

TT610L汽车大梁钢板经冷弯加工时在折弯部位外侧出现裂纹,为查找开裂原因,对试验钢进行了力学性能、OM、SEM及EDS分析.结果表明:对沿厚度方向开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为Al2O3和SiO2,对表皮开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为SiO2,由于这些夹杂物的异常偏聚造成了TT610L大梁钢的冷弯开裂.通过连铸工艺的优化,稳定了拉速,有效地解决了试验钢冷弯裂纹开裂问题.     

利用合成渣对钢水脱氮的研究

试验研究了CaO-TiO_2-Al_2O_3,CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 及CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2渣系中TiO_2,Al_2O_3。及B_2O_3 含量对钢水脱氮率的影响。在三个渣系中,随着 TiO_2,Al_2O_3 及B_2O_3 含量的变化,脱氮率有一最大值,其脱氮率可达 55％—65％。钢和渣中氧位愈低,脱氮率愈高。增加渣中碳、铅及钢中铝的含量,可以提高合成渣脱氮效果。     

WCF62钢厚板的低温冲击断裂性能

在系列温度下测定了ＷＣＦ６２厚板的冲击韧度，结果表明，按面内方向取样时ＷＣＦ６２厚板具有优异的低温冲击断裂性能，但板厚方向（Ｚ向试样）的冲击韧度偏低，形成了强烈的反差．主要原因是钢中存在按轧向稀散分布着的晶界弱化区，引发了沿晶断裂，其次是按轧向稀散分布着的成片富集的颗粒状非金属夹杂物．因此，应进一步降低钢中的杂质元素含量，改善板厚方向的性能．     

Al2O3陶瓷材料高应变率下的动态力学性能

针对常规SHPB实验系统的不足对其进行改进,采用改进的SHPB实验方法对Al2O3陶瓷材料的动态力学性能进行了实验研究,表明改进的SHPB实验方法可以成功地进行高强度材料高应变率下的动态力学性能实验。实验得到了Al2O3陶瓷材料在不同应变率下的动态应力应变曲线,结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷为弹脆性材料,其动态应力应变呈非线性关系;在高应变率下,陶瓷材料的动态应力应变关系是应变率相关的,材料的初始弹性模量、破坏应力、破坏应变值随应变率的增大而增大。最后对Al2O3陶瓷高应变率下的变形机理进行了讨论。     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2 O3 和聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基 (PEEK)复合材料 ,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2 O3 和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明 ,纳米Al2 O3 使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善 ,其改善程度与纳米Al2 O3 的填充量有关 ,当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较低 (3% )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主 ;而当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较高 (10 % )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损 ;纳米Al2 O3 的含量为 5 %～ 7%时 ,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势     

TSCR流程生产钛微合金化高强耐候钢中的析出物

运用电子显微镜和化学相分析等多种实验手段研究了Ti微合金化高强耐候钢中的析出物,并在热力学计算的基础上分析了其析出过程. 结果表明:钢中主要存在TiC,TiCN,Ti4C2S2,TiN等析出物,连轧前TiN的析出过程已基本完成;大量纳米尺寸的TiC球形析出物粒子在铁素体的位错线上分布;Ti含量增加改变了MC相的粒度分布,小尺寸粒子的体积分数显著增加,增强了沉淀强化的效果.     

超纯铁素体不锈钢中TiN析出的动力学分析

采用动力学的方法研究超纯铁素体不锈钢凝固过程中Ti、N的偏析及冷却速率对TiN夹杂析出的影响。结果表明,超纯铁素体不锈钢凝固过程中,Ti的富集程度稍低于N;凝固末期残余液相中[Ti]和[N]的浓度分别提高至其初始浓度的2.5倍和3.2倍;随着钢液的逐渐凝固,析出的TiN颗粒尺寸增大;随着冷却速率的增大,析出的TiN颗粒尺寸减小,但析出时间几乎不受影响,冷却速率分别为10、20、30K/s时,TiN颗粒尺寸分别为7.1、4.8、3.9μm;其他条件相同时,随着钢中初始Ti含量或N含量的减少,凝固析出的TiN颗粒尺寸减小且析出时间推迟;相比Ti含量对TiN夹杂尺寸的影响,N含量的影响更为显著。