含碳材料对连铸保护渣熔化速度影响的研究

以石墨、炭黑、碳化硅等三种含碳材料和碱度分别为0.8、1.0和1.2的基渣为原料,研究了炭黑、石墨和SiC加入形式(单独或复合,包括复合时的比例)和加入量以及基渣的碱度等因素对保护渣熔化速度的影响,并对试验数据进行了多元线性回归分析.试验和分析的结果表明:(1) 石墨和炭黑复合加入比单独加入时对保护渣的熔化速度的影响更明显,尤其当m(炭黑):m(石墨)=1:3时,作用最明显;(2) 单独加入碳化硅对保护渣熔化速度的影响不大,但是碳化硅与炭黑以m(SiC):m(炭黑)=1:3的比例复合加入时,保护渣的熔化速度比单独加入炭黑时的小;(3) 通过对实验数据的多元线性回归发现,熔速调节剂的加入量对熔化速度的影响最显著,炭黑在复合调速剂中的质量分数次之,随后依次为石墨在复合调速剂中的质量分数、碳化硅在复合调速剂中的质量分数和渣的碱度.     

含碳材料对连铸保护渣熔化速度影响的研究

以石墨、炭黑、碳化硅等三种含碳材料和碱度分别为0．8、1．0和1．2的基渣为原料，研究了炭黑、石墨和SiC加入形式（单独或复合，包括复合时的比例）和加入量以及基渣的碱度等因素对保护渣熔化速度的影响，并对试验数据进行了多元线性回归分析。试验和分析的结果表明：（1）石墨和炭黑复合加入比单独加入时对保护渣的熔化速度的影响更明显，尤其当m（炭黑）：m（石墨）=1：3时，作用最明显；（2）单独加入碳化硅对保护渣熔化速度的影响不大，但是碳化硅与炭黑以，”（SiC）：m（炭黑）=1：3的比例复合加入时，保护渣的熔化速度比单独加入炭黑时的小；（3）通过对实验数据的多元线性回归发现，熔速调节荆的加入量对熔化速度的影响最显著，炭黑在复合调速荆中的质量分数次之，随后依次为石墨在复合调速荆中的质量分数、碳化硅在复合调速剂中的质量分数和渣的碱度。     

拉坯速度对连铸结晶器中流型结构影响的水模拟研究

根据相似理论 ,研究了 3种拉坯速度下结晶器中的流型结构 ,分析了它们对板坯缺陷形成的影响 .当拉速较大时 ,结晶器熔池顶面形成紊流 ,易卷入保护渣、气体等 ,从而形成缺陷 ,影响板坯质量 .此外 ,水口浸入深度越深及水口出口倾角越大 ,回流区内夹杂物越不易上浮 .     

结晶器内钢液流动特性的优化

以大板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,采用水模型和数值模拟的方法研究了不同水口出口角度对结晶器内钢液流动的影响.结果表明:现行15°水口在距结晶器边部50 mm的位置,表面流速和波高较小,传递给弯月面的热量较少,不利于保护渣的熔化;射流撞击到结晶器窄边的位置较深,压力较大,对撞击点下部坯壳的冲击力也较大;水口出口角度改为10°后,结晶器漏钢预报系统的报警次数大大减少,杜绝了漏钢的事故.     

电磁软接触结晶器内钢液面高度对磁场分布的影响

利用有限元软件ANSYS对软接触电磁连铸结晶器内磁场进行三维数值模拟,分析了结晶器内钢液面高度对磁场及电磁力分布的影响.结果表明:钢液使得磁感应强度集中在钢液的侧表面;当钢液面低于线圈上沿时,钢液中磁感应强度的最大值出现在钢液上表面附近,并沿拉坯方向逐渐递减;当钢液面高于线圈上沿时,随着钢液面的升高磁感应强度的最大值向线圈中部移动;钢液侧表面所受电磁力的分布趋势与磁感应强度的分布趋势基本一致.     

宽板坯连铸结晶器流场的数值模拟

针对某钢厂150 mm×1503 mm宽板坯连铸结晶器生产中出现的表面波动及卷渣情况,利用FLUENT软件对其进行了三维稳态数学计算.计算以流体表面流速为主要衡量指标,研究了出水口的倾斜角度、倒角形状对该水口作用下结晶器内流场的影响.计算结果表明,原型结晶器浸入式水口作用下,流场内的表面流速大,射流冲击深度小,液面波动大,卷渣严重.改变出水口的倾斜角度,结晶器内表面流速依旧较大,依然有较严重的卷渣现象发生.改用方案3出水口倒角形状改为相切后,表面流速由原型最大的0.6 m/s减小到0.2 m/s,冲击深度增加,流场改善,卷渣问题得到解决.     

Analysis of three-dimensional vortexes below the free surface in a continuous casting mold

To study fluctuations of the free surface of liquid steel in the mold, two different models with the same casting conditions but different thicknesses were employed to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior at the top of the mold. The first model was a standard thickness slab, and the second had a thickness three times wider. It is found with the second model that above the plane formed by the steel jets, it is possible to observe four three-dimensional vortexes that interact with the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and mold walls. By using a biphasic model to simulate the interface between the liquid and air inside the mold, the flow asymmetry and the fluctuations of the free surface can be clearly observed.     

基于 PIV 技术的板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流动行为研究

利用粒子图像测速技术,以200 mm×2040 mm板坯连铸结晶器为原型,建立1：4水模型进行实验,对结晶器内钢液流动形态、流速及各流态所占比例、液面波动、以水口为中心结晶器两侧对称点速度随时间的变化、水口两侧液面水平流速、水口两侧对称位置液面至结晶器底部垂直方向速度和钢液对两侧窄面的冲击深度进行系统地研究和分析,并对比拉速的影响.研究表明,粒子图像测速技术不仅可以测量结晶器内流场流速,还可以对流场对称性进行全方位、多角度定量分析,为研究连铸参数变化,比如拉速、水口结构和水口浸入深度,对板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动及对称性的影响提供一种较为精确的方法和思路.通过分析得出,在本实验条件下拉速0.5 m·min-1优于0.6 m·min-1.     

连铸结晶器内钢液涡流现象的大涡模拟

为了研究结晶器内钢液涡流现象的形成机理,采用大涡模拟方法对此涡流现象进行模拟。采用相关文献报道的实验结果,对模型进行验证,对水口偏离中心位置和窄面放置挡板两种情况进行非稳态模拟和分析,分析了"湍动涡"和"偏心涡"的形成机理。数值模拟结果表明:"湍动涡"是由于流体本身的脉动所形成的,与水口是否对中没有直接的关系,但钢液在宽面方向的流动影响"湍动涡"的强度;"偏心涡"是由于水口不对中形成的,可以通过调整水口位置来消除。     

板坯连铸结晶器内非对称流动现象的数值模拟

基于流体力学基本原理,采用Fluent软件建立板坯连铸结晶器及浸入式水口的三维有限元体积模型,模拟研究了水口不对中和水口单孔结瘤条件下结晶器内流体的流动特征和温度场分布状况.结果表明:水口对中不良时,结晶器两侧回流明显不对称,液面会产生旋涡,水口偏向侧温度高于水口偏离侧;水口出口单孔结瘤时,未结瘤侧流股增强,液面流速增大,并且液面有涡流产生,结瘤侧新鲜钢液减少,温度偏低.     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的数值模拟

以安钢宽板坯连铸为研究对象,采用大型商业软件ANSYSCFX10.0,应用VOF法重点研究浸入式水口倾角、拉速、铸坯断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内自由表面液面波动的影响.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度从1800mm增大到3250mm,结晶器内液面平均波高明显降低.当宽度为1800mm时,结晶器保护渣-钢液界面平均波高为5.33mm;当宽度增至3250mm时,平均波高为7.08mm.     

Water modeling of mold powder entrapment in slab continuous casting mold

The optimal parameters were determined by the water modeling of slab casting. It was found that there are mainly three types of mold powder entrapment in slab continuous casting, i.e., the entrapment caused by the shearing flow near the narrow face of mold, the entrapment caused by vortexes around the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), and the entrapment caused by the Ar bubbling. Both the velocity of the surface flow and the level fluctuation of the liquids are enlarged with increasing the casting speed, reducing the submersion depth of SEN, decreasing the downward angles of the nozzle outlets, and increasing the Ar flowrate, all of which increase the tendency of mold powder entrapment. Among the four above-mentioned factors, casting speed has the largest effect.     

Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

Turbulent flow, the transport of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finite-difference computational model using the standard k-ε turbulence model. Trajectories of inclusions and bubbles are calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces. A “random walk” model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The change in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport, 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so long as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell. A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4 mm.     

连铸保护渣渣膜润滑的研究现状

连铸中,特别是高速连铸条件下,渗入结晶器与凝固坯壳之间的保护渣渣膜的润滑状态对连铸过程有着重要的影响,本文介绍了国内外对渣膜润滑的主要研究成果.     

连铸保护渣渣膜润滑的研究现状

连铸中，特别是高速连铸条件下，渗入结晶器与凝固坯壳之间的保护渣渣膜的润滑状态对连铸过程有着重要的影响，本文介绍了国内外对渣膜润滑的主要研究成果。     

钢中非金属夹杂物形态对其去除行为的影响

采用物理模拟手段研究球形、立方体、圆柱体、树枝状、团簇状等钢中常见形状夹杂物形状修正系数的差异性,并分析粒子表面形貌和运动取向对形状修正系数的影响.粒子的形状修正系数与阻力系数满足线性正相关,可以用形状修正系数评价粒子的上浮去除能力;在体积相同情况下,同类型夹杂物粒子的去除能力依次为树枝状(垂直)＜粗糙球形＜立方体＜圆柱(半经6mm)＜圆柱(半经4mm)＜树枝状(水平)＜团簇状(水平)＜光滑球形;粗糙表面的球形其表面积约为光滑球形的2倍,其形状修正系数同时增加2.1倍.简单粒子的形状修正系数受运动取向影响较小,复杂粒子则受运动取向影响较大,树枝状颗粒垂直上浮时的形状修正系数约为水平上浮时的2倍.     

CSP薄板坯连铸结晶器电磁制动对流场和温度场的影响

旨在考察电磁制动对薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动及传热的影响效果,从而为CSP薄板坯连铸生产实践提供理论参考。根据国内某钢厂CSP薄板坯连铸漏斗形结晶器、水口结构参数,首先建立了描述结晶器内钢液流动和传热的三维数学模型,应用CFD软件对结晶器内钢液的流场和温度场、凝固现象进行耦合计算和分析。再耦合经实测数据验证由ANSYS模拟得出的电磁场,计算和分析电磁制动下结晶器内钢液各种现象的变化。结果表明:电磁制动的应用,使结晶器钢液面上的速度降低,由无电磁时的0.13 m/s降到0.10 m/s,降幅在23%左右;使向下的流股冲击深度降低;使结晶器钢液面上温度升高5℃左右,有利于保护渣的熔化。     

Research on mold flux for hypo-peritectic steel at high casting speed

Mold fluxes having adaptable properties were developed in the laboratory to solve quality defects, such as depressions and longitudinal cracks when casting hypo-peritectic steel at high casting speed. Firstly, the effect of components on the high basicity mold flux properties was first studied using the orthogonal method. In the scope of the studied content, Li₂O has the largest effect on the melting temperature, and the least effect on the viscosity; CaF₂ has the largest effect on the viscosity, and the least effect on the melting temperature; Na₂O and CaO/SiO₂ have no obvious influence on the melting temperature and viscosity. Secondly, two powders (Z1 and Z6) have reasonable viscosity-temperature curves, higher solidification temperatures, and porous structure after solidification, but the crystal property of Z6 is worse than that of Z1, and thus Z1 is more suitable for continuous casting hypo-peritectic steel at high casting speed. Thirdly, a higher basicity of powder, a less free enthalpy of crystal compound, and a lower baffle energy are good for a higher tendentiousness of crystal.     

高速连铸保护渣熔化特性的实验研究

在不同条件下对 Li2 O降低保护渣熔点作用规律进行了实验研究 ,分析探讨其满足高速连铸保护渣熔化特性要求的配比及含量。实验表明 ,Li2 O是获得低熔点保护渣的理想助熔剂 ,其含量应在 2 %～ 5%范围内。     

Characteristics of shell thickness in a slab continuous casting mold

The key to reduce shell breakout in the continuous casting process is to control shell thickness in the mold. A numerical simulation on the turbulent flow and heat transfer coupled with solidification in the slab mold using the volume of fluid (VOF) model and the enthalpy-porosity scheme was conducted and the emphasis was put upon the flow effect on the shell thickness profiles in longitudinal and transverse directions. The results show that the jet acts a stronger impingement on the shell of narrow face, which causes a zero-increase of shell thickness in a certain range near the impingement point. The thinnest shell on the slab cross-section locates primarily in the center of the narrow face, and secondly near the comer of the wide face. Nozzle optimization can obviously increase the shell thickness and make it more uniform.