冶炼关键参数对于IF钢轧材夹杂缺陷的影响

针对邯钢IF钢冶炼过程,采用统计学软件SPSS中逻辑回归分析、相关性统计、描述性统计等方法,研究了冶炼过程中关键参数和轧材夹杂缺陷之间的对应关系以及参数间的相关性.结果表明:在IF钢冶炼过程中将转炉终点温度控制在1695~1700℃之间,吹氧量控制在250 m3以下,静置时间控制在30~40 min之间,加铝前氧位不超过3.9×10-4时,IF钢轧材出现夹杂缺陷的机率减少.由此对现场提出了改善措施,结果表明以上优化措施可以减少IF钢轧材中夹杂缺陷的产生.     

一种冷轧高强钢板的纳米析出物

在研究纳米析出强化热轧钢板的基础上,对该钢板进行了冷轧退火试验研究.采用透射电镜(TEM)和能谱分析等方法分析了析出物的分布和形貌,测定了两种纳米析出物的成分.结果表明,试验钢经退火处理后存在着两种形状的析出物,矩形析出物尺寸为30～50 nm,主要由TiN组成;圆形析出物为5～10 nm,主要由TiC组成.这些析出物的出现将直接影响实验钢的性能及应用.     

一种冷轧高强钢板的纳米析出物

在研究纳米析出强化热轧钢板的基础上,对该钢板进行了冷轧退火试验研究。采用透射电镜(TEM)和能谱分析等方法分析了析出物的分布和形貌,测定了两种纳米析出物的成分。结果表明,试验钢经退火处理后存在着两种形状的析出物,矩形析出物尺寸为30~50 nm,主要由TiN组成;圆形析出物为5~10nm,主要由TiC组成。这些析出物的出现将直接影响实验钢的性能及应用。     

冷轧带钢表面缺陷诊断

针对某冷轧厂生产的带钢表面经常出现锈斑、黑斑等缺陷,对原料、酸洗、轧制、退火和平整等工序进行了现场调研,并对乳化液相关指标、防锈性、耐腐败性及带钢表面缺陷的形貌和成分进行了检测.(1)板面残酸是造成锈斑的主要原因.应重点改进盐酸酸洗工艺和设备:调整挤干辊的压力,保持挤干辊的表面状态,加强水冲洗的压力和温度以及喷嘴的均匀性;同时,严格执行酸洗工艺制度.(2)轧机前后乳化液吹扫不净,卷入板内是造成成品黑斑的主要原因.要改进吹扫装置,保证把残留乳化液吹净,必要时增加一排吹扫喷嘴.(3)应设计合理的退火工艺制度,防止因退火不良或局部烧嘴堵塞加热不均造成油的局部挥发不全形成积碳;应重视退火前的松卷,加强对氨分解的监测.采用上述措施后,带钢表面缺陷大幅度减少:表面锈斑、黑色云纹和黑斑等问题得到彻底解决.     

冷轧钢基复合材料轧制力能参数研究

在实验的基础上,提出冷轧钢基复合材料的轧制力计算模型,并由此推导冷轧钢基复合材料的轧制力计算公式.采用该公式计算出的轧制力与实验值基本符合.     

Microstructure and texture evolution of cold-rolled deep-drawing steel sheet during annealing

In accordance with experimental results about the annealing microstructure and texture of cold-rolled deepdrawing sheet based on the compact strip production (CSP) process, a two-dimensional cellular automation simulation model, considering real space and time scale, was established to simulate recrystallization and grain growth during the actual batch annealing process. The simulation results show that pancaked grains form during recrystallization. {111} advantageous texture components become the main parts of the recrystallization texture. After grain growth, the pancaked grains coarsen gradually. The content of {111} advantageous texture components in the annealing texture increases from 55vol% to 65vol%; meanwhile, the contents of {112}〈110〉 and {100}〈110〉 texture components decrease by 4% and 8%, respectively, compared with the recrystallization texture. The simulation results of microstructure and texture evolution are also consistent with the experimental ones, proving the accuracy and usefulness of the model.     

冷轧板表面线状缺陷成因分析与探讨

分析了线状缺陷的形貌特征,通过对现场试样线状缺陷的分析和模拟轧制试验,研究了线状缺陷的形成原因.结果表明,"黑线"是由钢中夹杂引起的,"亮线"是钢中气泡和夹杂共同作用的结果.     

Comparison between the surface defects caused by Al_2O_3 and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free steel auto sheets

Al_2O_3 and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free(IF) steel deteriorate the properties of the steel. To decrease the defects of cold-rolled sheet, it is important to clearly distinguish between the degrees of damage caused by these two inclusions on the surface quality of the steel. In this study, a nanoindenter was used to test the mechanical properties of the inclusions, and the distribution and size of the inclusions were obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). It was found that when only mechanical properties are considered, TiN inclusions are more likely to cause defects than Al_2O_3 inclusions of the same size during the rolling process. However, Al_2O_3 inclusions are generally more inclined to cause defects in the rolling process than TiN inclusions because of their distribution characteristic in the thickness direction. The precipitation of Al_2O_3 and TiN was obtained through thermodynamical calculations. The growth laws of inclusions at different cooling rates were calculated by solidification and segregation models. The results show that the precipitation regularity is closely related to the distribution law of the inclusions in IF slabs along the thickness direction.     

Effect of flash processing on recrystallization behavior and mechanical performance of cold-rolled IF steel

Flash processing(FP) has attracted considerable attention due to its high efficiency, economic advantages, and the extraordinary opportunity if offers to improve the mechanical properties of steel. In this study, we investigated the influences of FP on the recrystallization(REX) behavior and mechanical performance of cold-rolled IF steel. Using a thermomechanical simulator, we performed both single-stage FPs, at heating rates of 200℃/s and 500℃/s, and two-stage FP, with an initial preheating to 400℃ at a rate of 5℃/s and then to peak temperatures at a rate of 200℃/s. In comparison to continuous annealing(CA), single-stage FP can effectively refine the recrystallized grain sizes and produce a similar or even sharper γ(ND(normal direction)//{111}) texture component. In particular, the heating rate of 500℃/s led to an increase in the yield strength of about 23.2% and a similar ductility. In contrast, the two-stage FP resulted in a higher REX temperature as well as a certain grain refinement due to the stored strain energy, i.e., the driving force of REX, which was largely consumed during preheating. Furthermore, both stronger {110}110 and weaker γ texture components appeared in the two-stage FP and were believed to be responsible for the early necking and deterioration in ductility.     

Comparison between the surface defects caused by Al2O3 and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free steel auto sheets

Al₂O₃ and TiN inclusions in interstitial-free (IF) steel deteriorate the properties of the steel. To decrease the defects of cold-rolled sheet, it is important to clearly distinguish between the degrees of damage caused by these two inclusions on the surface quality of the steel. In this study, a nanoindenter was used to test the mechanical properties of the inclusions, and the distribution and size of the inclusions were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that when only mechanical properties are considered, TiN inclusions are more likely to cause defects than Al₂O₃ inclusions of the same size during the rolling process. However, Al₂O₃ inclusions are generally more inclined to cause defects in the rolling process than TiN inclusions because of their distribution characteristic in the thickness direction. The precipitation of Al₂O₃ and TiN was obtained through thermodynamical calculations. The growth laws of inclusions at different cooling rates were calculated by solidification and segregation models. The results show that the precipitation regularity is closely related to the distribution law of the inclusions in IF slabs along the thickness direction.     

电火花线切割加工参数对加工效率的影响

为了科学、合理地设定电火花线切割加工参数,采用正交设计实验分析法,研究了电火花线切割电加工参数与加工效率的关系,确定了合理的加工参数范围.结果表明:功率管数Ip对加工效率的影响程度最大,占空比q的影响次之,脉冲宽度ti的影响最小;功率管数Ip在3～5,占空比q在1/3～1/4,脉冲宽度ti在18～30μs时,能够获得较好的加工质量.该研究为实际生产中加工参数的快速选取提供了参考.     

脉冲激光处理硅钢片能量阈值分析

根据激光与材料相互作用温度是地空特性，分析了光斑尺寸对温度场的影响，并计算了防止硅钢片表面层破坏及避免产生热弯曲变形时激光脉冲能量阈值，为优化激光处理工艺参数，更有效地降低铁提供理论依据。     

Influence of calcium content on solid ratio of inclusions in Ca-treated liquid steel

It has been found that Ca-treated liquid steel can be cast at a lower superheat. To ascertain the reason for the improved castability of Ca-treated liquid steel and to find the optimal range of calcium content, the behavior of calcium in liquid steel was studied in terms of the relationship between the calcium content and solid ratio of inclusions. The relationship between the calcium content and solid ratio of inclusions was obtained by means of the classification of nonmetallic inclusions in solid and liquid steels at casting temperature according to the Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂ phase diagram. The optimum calcium content should be 17-23 ppm.     

钙处理对冷轧无取向硅钢磁性的影响

通过金相显微镜、图像分析仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段,研究了未用和采用钙处理无取向硅钢片中微细夹杂物的数量、尺寸分布以及夹杂物的类型.发现对无取向硅钢片铁损影响较大的是0.1～0.4μm的微细夹杂物,夹杂物类型对铁损影响较小.     

Al-Ti-Mg复合脱氧对钢中夹杂物及组织的影响

通过采用Fe-50%Ti、Ni-16.7%Mg和Fe-70.74%Si等合金对工业纯铁脱氧,研究了Al-Ti-Mg复合脱氧低碳钢中夹杂物的类型和尺寸分布规律以及钢的铸态组织.实验结果表明:Ti处理比未加Ti处理试样夹杂物总量增加400mm-2,而且夹杂物明显细化;Ti-Mg复合脱氧,钢中夹杂物的总量相对于Mg单独处理增加200 mm-2;Ti处理后,奥氏体晶粒内出现大量针状铁素体.对比而言,Al-Ti-Mg复合处理钢中针状铁素体分布最为均匀,无块状铁素体出现.     

铝含量对TWIP钢中夹杂物特征及AlN析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪以及扫描电镜配置的夹杂物自动扫描统计软件(INCAFeature)表征了Fe-Mn-C(-Al)系TWIP钢中夹杂物的成分、形貌和数量,考察了Al质量分数在0.002%~1.590%的四种TWIP钢中夹杂物的特征和Al含量对AlN析出行为的影响.并在此基础上,采用了适合TWIP钢中高锰高铝特点的热力学参数对AlN夹杂物进行了系统的热力学分析.研究表明,在含有相似N质量分数(0.0078%~0.0100%)的TWIP钢中,当钢中Al质量分数升高至0.75%时,AlN夹杂物开始在钢中析出,并在MnS(Se)-Al2O3上局部析出形成MnS(Se)-Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂;当Al质量分数升高至1.07%时,热力学计算表明AlN已经可以在TWIP钢液相中形成,经不断长大后在MnS(Se)夹杂物表面局部析出形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物;在Al质量分数为1.59%的TWIP钢中,AlN的平衡析出温度比其液相线温度高出42 ℃,在液相中形成的AlN可以作为异质核心,MnS(Se)夹杂在其表面包裹形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物.另外,在Fe-18.21%Mn-0.64%C-1.59%Al体系的TWIP钢中,AlN在液相中析出所需的最低氮的质量分数仅为0.0043%.因此,在TWIP钢的冶炼过程中,应尽可能的降低钢中的氮含量,避免生成过量的AlN夹杂.     

Effect of hot stamping parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cold-rolled 22MnB5 steel strips

Thermomechanical experiments were carried out to reproduce the hot stamping process and to investigate the effects of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stamped parts. The process parameters, such as austenitizing temperature, soaking time, initial deformation temperature and cooling rate, are studied. The resulting microstructures of specimens were observed and analyzed. To evaluate the mechanical properties of specimens, tensile and hardness tests were also performed at room temperature. The optimum parameters to achieve the highest tensile strength and the desired microstructure were acquired by comparing and analyzing the results. It is indicated that hot deformation changes the transformation characteristics of 22MnB5 steel. Austenite deformation promotes the austenite-to-ferrite transformation and elevates the critical cooling rate to induce a fully martensitic transformation.     

表调工艺参数对电镀锌板磷化膜微观形貌的影响

采用粉体钛盐作表调剂,对电镀锌板进行表面调整处理,研究表面调整工艺参数对电镀锌板磷化膜微观形貌的影响。结果表明,表调时间为3min、表调液浓度为3.5~6.0g/L、表调液温度低于30℃、表调液pH值为8.59~9.89并尽量缩短表调液存放时间,可使磷化膜晶粒尺寸控制在2~3μm,磷化膜在NaOH溶液中保持5min的失重小于0.4g/m2,所获电镀锌板磷化膜层均匀致密,耐碱蚀性强。     

冷轧带肋钢筋混凝土受弯构件疲劳性能的试验研究

对不同配筋率的冷轧带肋钢筋混凝土简支标准梁 (5 5 0mm× 1 5 0mm× 1 5 0mm)进行了等幅疲劳荷载试验研究 ,疲劳试验试件 60根 ,试件配筋率分别为 0 % ,0 2 9% ,0 487% ,0 93 4%和1 946% .这批试件的疲劳破坏形式为 :折断破坏、弯拉破坏和剪压破坏 .针对不同的疲劳破坏形式 ,分析了产生不同破坏形式的原因 ,提出了界限配筋率的概念 .受弯构件适当配置冷轧带肋钢筋不仅具有良好的抗裂性能和延性 ,而且其疲劳寿命也有显著的提高 .提出了考虑不同配筋率影响的、可供配筋混凝土路面设计参考的疲劳方程     

304不锈钢板材喷丸强化处理最佳工艺参数研究

文章运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了304不锈钢板材多丸喷丸硬化处理的有限元模型,模拟了不同喷丸参数(弹丸的速度、半径和强度)对304不锈钢板材残余应力的影响规律。先计算不同层深的平均残余应力值,以得到不同参数下最大残余应力场;再对模拟结果采用逐步回归分析法建立残余应力关于工艺参数的最优回归方程,从而获得了最大残余应力随不同参数的变化图,并通过残余应力测试对上述方程进行了验证。结果表明:数值计算所得最优回归方程计算结果和实验结果相符,可据此针对所需的最大残余应力要求确定喷丸工艺参数,为工程实践提供依据。