光固化快速成形中柱形支撑生成算法的研究

提出了光固化快速成形中一种新的工艺支撑形式——柱形支撑及其自动生成算法．其算法思想为：在零件的包容立方体内确定支撑生成点的布点规则以后,对于零件的每个三角面片,求出与其相关布点射线的交点,再由这些交点在三维空间内直接生成柱形支撑的中心线段,而后生成STL格式的柱形支撑实体．该算法生成柱形支撑的速度快,可实现实时模拟,快速观察生成效果,已成功应用于光固化快速成形系统中．     

用光斑补偿法改进光固化成形件精度的研究

研究和分析了光固化成形件台阶效应产生的原因以及对制件尺寸精度的影响,提出了根据表面几何特征进行相应的光斑补偿的方法．利用该方法成形的原型件会留有合理的打磨余量,从而可以在去除台阶效应的同时,保证制件的最终尺寸精度。     

医用聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及性能

采用反复冷冻、融化的方法制备了不同浓度、相同循环次数的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶和相同浓度、不同循环次数的PVA水凝胶。测试了PVA水凝胶的拉伸性能、溶胀率,再溶胀动力学。结果表明,拉伸强度随PVA含量的增加而增加;当浓度相同、循环次数不同时,再溶胀率随循环次数的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随循环次数的增加而降低;当循环次数相同、浓度不同时,再溶胀率随浓度的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随浓度的增加而降低。用物理交联和化学交联的方法制备了PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶,测试再溶胀行为,发现PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶具有温度敏感性。     

冷轧工艺对铁素体不锈钢成形性能的影响

为了研究冷轧工艺对新型铁素体不锈钢19Cr2Mo1W成形性能的影响,采用XRD,EBSD技术以及平均塑性应变比与粗糙度测量等手段,研究了不同压下率冷轧及随后退火过程中的织构演变和微观组织变化,并讨论了织构和微观组织对成形性能的影响.结果表明:随着冷轧压下率的增加,铁素体不锈钢中的α和γ纤维织构均有所增强,且α和γ纤维织构最终稳定取向分别为223〈110〉和111〈011〉.冷轧板α纤维织构中223〈110〉组分越强,退火后γ再结晶织构强度越高.冷轧板在1050℃退火时,薄板的γ再结晶织构强度高,再结晶组织均匀且尺寸较小,表面粗糙度最小,综合成形性能最佳.     

氮化硅光固化增材制造工艺与性能的研究

通过设计浆料配方和设置打印参数,采用光固化增材制造（3D打印）的方法制备出氮化硅陶瓷样品。通过热重-差示扫描量热（TG-DSC）分析得到脱脂温度,确定了脱脂预烧结和高温陈化烧结工艺,得到了氮化硅陶瓷样品。试验结果：氮化硅陶瓷样品收缩率为水平方向65.1%,厚度方向80.0%;密度达到理论值的93.3%;抗拉强度为245.9~279.8 MPa,抗弯强度为308.5~333.2 MPa。平面方向收缩较大,可能引起了拉伸时的层状撕裂。     

AM与HEMA共聚制备水凝胶的结构与性能

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)与甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)进行本体共聚制备水凝胶材料,研究了水凝胶的结构与性能.结果表明,AM与HEMA共聚物链段上存在的侧基-CONH2之间形成氢键,增强了链段之间的相互作用力,导致AM链段成束,形成较粗的骨架网络;AM的含量越大,水分子越容易与大分子链形成氢键结合并迅速扩散,共聚物水凝胶的溶胀速度越快,过量溶胀现象越明显;其特征溶胀指数处于0.938~0.961之间,与松弛平衡扩散的特征指数n≥1相近,水分子扩散速率稍快于聚合物高分子链段的松弛速率.     

生物玻璃陶瓷骨支架的光固化成形工艺与过固化研究

针对光固化技术制备生物玻璃陶瓷多孔骨支架中因光散射、光叠加等原因导致内孔扩散的过固化问题,提出从“孔-面-体”3个层面来探究样件成形过程中过固化现象与工艺参数间关系的方法,并逆向建立克服过固化提高精度的多孔补偿模型。首先,采用激光共聚焦测量了骨支架中单孔在不同曝光时间和石墨浓度下的过固化值与固化深度;其次,在骨支架的面结构中采用光学影像测量仪分析了不同面孔隙率和孔隙形状下的过固化值与固化深度;然后,使用场发射扫描电镜表征了重叠层厚对骨支架整体结构中固化特性的影响;最后,通过控制骨支架的多孔尺寸,建立过固化逆向补偿模型并制备了与模型孔径相差不大于5μm的多孔样件。采用所制备的多孔支架样件进行实验验证,结果表明：单孔结构中,过固化值和固化深度均随曝光时间的对数增加而线性增加,随石墨浓度增加而减小;在单层面结构中,过固化值和固化深度均随孔隙率的增大线性减小,孔隙形状对固化深度无明显影响;在体结构中,随重叠层厚的增加,样件过固化程度增加,叠加层厚10μm为适宜分层;在相同曝光时间和石墨浓度下,过固化从孔结构-面结构-体结构过程中逐渐增加,且孔和面结构的过固化程度显著大于体结构。该方法可为高精度...     

高碳钢凝胶注模成形工艺

对高碳钢(碳的质量分数为1%)的凝胶注模成形工艺进行了研究. 采用该工艺制得质量分数为89%的注模性能良好的料浆,并用此料浆制备出复杂形状的高碳钢制品. 研究了烧结气氛对碳含量的影响. 结果表明:真空气氛烧结可以得到理想的含碳量;在分解氨气氛垫付石墨1200℃对坯体进行烧结,可得相对密度91%,抗弯强度400MPa,抗拉强度410MPa,组织均匀且形状复杂的高碳钢制品.     

pH敏感性水凝胶的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,通过化学引发聚合制备了具有互穿网络结构的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸(PVA/PAA)水凝胶.用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构、热稳定性和形貌进行了表征.研究了溶胀动力学,探讨了pH及盐浓度对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,考察了该凝胶在不同pH介质中对药物异烟肼的控制释放行为.结果表明,PVA/PAA水凝胶具有良好的pH敏感性和离子强度敏感性,其在pH=1.20的缓冲溶液中对异烟肼的累积释放率明显大于在pH=7.40和pH=6.86的缓冲溶液中.     

PLLA/TCP复合骨组织载体框架的低温挤出成形

为制备骨组织工程的细胞与因子的三维载体框架,提出了聚左旋乳酸/磷酸三钙(PLLA/TCP)复合材料快速成形的低温挤出成形工艺,研究了此工艺制备骨组织载体框架的设备与工艺过程。分析了制备的载体框架的孔隙结构、孔隙率、力学性能,并通过犬桡骨20mm节段性缺损的修复实验分析了制备的载体框架的生物相容性、体内降解性能和骨传导性能。制备的载体框架具有良好的综合性能,可以作为骨组织再生修复的载体框架。     

PLGA组织工程支架的构建及降解行为研究

用本体开环聚合方式合成不同摩尔比的PLGA（n(dl-LA)n(GA)分别为85／15，75／25，65／35，55／45)共聚物。^H NMR和溶解试验结果表明，共聚物各链段呈无规分布，GA序列长度在1.3-1.8之间。通过溶液浇铸造-低热模压-粒子沥滤技术构建了高度多孔的PLGA组织工程支架，考察了它们在Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中的降解行为。结果表明：随着水解的进行，PLGA的特性粘度及构建的多孔支架的压缩强度迅速下降，共聚物中GA组分含量赵大，下降的速度越快，与之对应的多孔支架的多孔结构形态保持时间也随共聚物中GA组合分含量增加而下降，分别为8周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)分别为85/15和75/25）、4周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为65/35）和2周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为55/45）；但质量损失速率比[η下降速度慢得多，多孔支架的降解速率慢于薄膜的降解速率。     

Porous Chitosan Microcarriers for Large Scale Cultivation of Cells for Tissue Engineering： Fabrication and Evaluation

Introduction Regeneration of injured tissue on a man-made template has been used since the earlier 1980s[1]. Afterward, it was accepted as a tissue engineering technology[2,3]. Nowadays many kinds of damaged or dysfunctional tissues/organs such as bones, …     

新型双层皮肤组织工程支架的构建

模拟天然皮肤的真、表皮结构,以胶原和壳聚糖为主要原料构建皮肤组织工程双层支架.将固含量0.8%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液冻干后压膜,经戊二醛交联后再冻干形成双层支架的底层,然后注入固含量0.2%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液,经冻干、交联、再冻干即得结构较稳定的双层复合海绵支架.在双层支架上培养的小鼠成纤维细胞贴壁生长正常.本研究构建的胶原-壳聚糖双层支架具有良好的结构稳定性和细胞相容性.     

Fiber-Based Chitosan Tubular Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering： Fabrication and in Vitro Evaluation

Porous, two-ply tubular chitosan conduits for guided tissue regeneration were fabricated by combining the textile technique （inner layer） with the thermally induced phase separation process （outer layer）. A hollow chitosan tube was prepared using an industrial warp knitting process with chitosan yarns. Then, an appropriate diameter mandrel was inserted into the pre-fabricated tube. The tube and the mandrel were dipped into the chitosan solution together, taken out, and freeze-dried. After being neutralized in alkaline solution and dried at room temperature, the mandrel was removed to create the chitosan tubular scaffold. Scanning electron micrographs show that the resulting tubes have a biphasic wall structure, with a fibrous inner layer and a semipermeable outer layer. The swelling properties and the mechanical strength before and after in vitro degradation were investigated. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was also investigated by co-culturing neuroblastoma cells （N2A, mouse） with the scaffolds. The results suggest that these chitosan tubular scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of tissues requiring a tubular scaffold.     

3D Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds Fabricated by Rapid Prototyping for Bone Tissue Engineering

Colloidal gels made of oppositely charged nanoparticles are a novel class of hydrogels and can exhibit pseudoplastic behavior which will enable them to mold easily into specific shapes. These moldable gels can be used as building blocks to self-assemble into integral scaffolds from bottom to up through electrostatic forces. However, they are too weak to maintain scaffold morphology just depending on interparticle interactions such as Van der Waals attraction and electrostatic forces especially for bone tissue engineering. In this study, oppositely charged gelatin nanoparticles were firstly prepared by two-step desolvation method, followed by the mixture with water to form colloid gels. To solve the problem of weak mechanical performance of colloid gels, gelatin macromolecules were introduced into the prepared gels to form blend gels. The blend gels can be easily processed into three-dimensional （3D） porous scaffolds via motor assisted microsyringe （MAM） system, a nozzle-based rapid prototyping technology, under mild conditions. After fabrication the scaffolds were erosslinked by glutaraldehyde （ GA, 25 % solution in water by weight）, then the crosslinked gelatin macromolecules network could form to improve the mechanical properties of colloid gels. The average particle size and zeta potential of gdatin nanoparticles were measured by Nano- ZS instrument. The morphology and microstructures of scaffolds were characterized by macroscopic images. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied by a universal material testing machine.     

组织工程三维多孔支架制备技术的最新进展

理想的组织工程支架是由具有一定降解性能的高分子材料制成的,制备的支架除了要有一定的孔隙率和适于细胞生长的孔径外,还要有较高的机械性能和生物活性.为此介绍了用于组织工程中的可降解高分子材料,并详细阐述了最新的制备组织工程支架的方法:超临界CO2技术,计算机辅助成型技术,以及静电纺丝技术.     

Fabrication of Dex-Loaded Shape Memory Polymer Based Composite Nanofibers ：for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering

Biodegradable shape memory polymers （SMPs） are a class of intelligent materials with great potential for imparting biomaterial scaffolds multifunetionality in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, the biodegradable SMP poly（ D, L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate） （PLMC） incorporated with the ,dexamethasone （Dex）, which was a kind of synthetic bone-formation inducing factor, was fabricated into nanofibers via dectrospinning. The morphology, constituent, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced Dex/PLMC composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform ：infrared spectroscopy （ FTIR ）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and tensile testing, respectively. Then, ultrasound was ,employed as a remote stimulus to regulate the Dex releasing behavior from the composite nanofibers. It was found that the generated Dex/ PLMC composite nanofibers had a uniform and smooth morphology with a diameter of ca. 564 nm. Mechanical testing results showed that incorporation of the Dex gave rise to improved mechanical performance with the tensile strength, Young＇ s modulus and strain- at-break increased by 18.2 %, 20. 0 % and 64.4 %, respectively. DSC data revealed that the glass transition temperature （ Tg ） of the composite nanofibers, i. e., the thermal transition temperature （Ttrans） for activating shape memory effect, was 39. 7 ℃. Moreover, the release kinetics of the encapsulated Dex in the aanofibers could be manipulated by varying the acoustic power and insonation duration. These results suggested that the newly developed Dex/PLMC nanofibers could be a promising drug delivery system for applications in bone tissue engineering （BTE）.     

Fabrication of a Bi-layer Tubular Scaffold Consisted of a Dense Nanofibrous Inner Layer and a Porous Nanoyarn Outer Layer for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Recent years, it has attracted more attentions to increase the porosity and pore size of nanofibrous scaffolds to provide the for the cells to grow into the small-diameter vascular grafts. In this study, a novel bi-layer tubular scaffold with an inner layer and an outer layer was fabricated. The inner layer was random collagen/poly （ L-lactide-co-caprolactone ） I P （ LLA- CL） ] nanofibrous mat fabricated by conventional electrospinning and the outer layer was aligned collagen/P （LLA-CL） nanoyarns prepared by a dynamic liquid dectrospinning method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to characterize the chemical structure. Scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ） was employed to observe the morphology of the layers and the cross- sectioned bi-layer tubular scaffold. A liquid displacement method was employed to measure the porosities of the inner and outer layers. Stress-strain curves were obtained to evaluate the mechanical properties of the two different layers and the bi-layer membrane. The diameters of the nanofibers and the nanoyarns were （480 ± 197 ） nm and （ 19.66 ± 4.05 ） μm, respectively. The outer layer had a significantly higher porosity and a larger pore size than those of the inner layer. Furthermore, the bi-layer membrane showed a good mechanical property which was suitable as small-diameter vascular graft. The results indicated that the bi-layer tubular scaffold had a great potential application in small vascular tissue engineering.     

rhBMP-2对陈旧性兔关节软骨缺损的修复作用

利用注射型活性材料重组骨形态发生蛋白-2（recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2,rhBMP-2）修复兔关节软骨,观察其治疗效果.将12只8周龄成年大白兔随机分为2组,均行手术切开双膝髌股关节面制备全层软骨缺损模型,缝合创口后分笼饲养4周,使之成为陈旧性关节软骨缺损模型.再次手术切开关节腔,清除原缺损区纤维组织,钻通骨髓腔.2组分别接受如下治疗：A组应用rhBMP-2纤维蛋白胶,B组单纯生物蛋白胶治疗.分别于10、14、18周处死动物,观察大体和形态学特征,组织学评分.结果A组于10、14周时,软骨缺损被白色半透明坚硬组织平滑修复,富有光泽,与正常软骨边界清楚,18周时修复组织与正常软骨边界模糊,质地坚硬,表面平滑光润;B组于10、14、18周时均未见软骨修复.组织评分A组明显优于B组（P〈0.01）.结论：rhBMP-2可以有效修复兔关节软骨的缺损,为组织工程化软骨的临床应用提供了实验依据.     

可交联聚磷酸酯组织工程材料的合成

以富马酸和三氯氧磷为起始原料，合成了主链重复结构单元中含不饱和双键的聚磷酸酯．研究了合成条件对聚合反应的影响，并对其进行了FTIR及NMR表征．GPC研究结果表明随反应时间延长，聚合度增大，聚合物分子量趋于增大但分散性减小．