基于瑞利信道的MC-DS-CDMA时频交织方案设计与分析

在分析介绍无线信道瑞利衰落特征和MC DS CDMA(多载波直扩码分多址)系统模型的基础上,设计并构建了MC DS CDMA系统的一种时频交织/解交织方案。通过对几种不同的交织方案的仿真分析,比较了不同的方案对MC DS CDMA系统性能的影响,使得该方案比同样深度的块交织可以获得至少1dB的增益。     

频率选择性衰落CDMA系统中空时分组编码技术的研究

发送分集技术给系统带来发送分集增益。首先探讨频率选择性衰落信道下采用频域均衡技术的空时分组编码技术（STBC-FE），然后结合用户多址问题将传统的发送分集技术从时分复用（TDMA）扩展到码分复用（CDMA）系统。与传统的采用SISO（单输入单输出）天线结构的CDMA系统相比，单用户情况两者性能接近，6用户情况下STBC-FE算法优于SISO系统约1．5dB。此外算法性能受用户数的影响不明显。     

空时分组码多载波码分多址系统的空时多用户检测

针对传统的空时编码码分多址系统利用训练序列求解信道信息将导 g致频谱资源浪费这一问题,提出了一种矢量信道冲击响应(VCIR)的盲估计算法,它适用于基站使用多天线的空时分组码多载波码分多址(STBC MC CDMA)系统.与已提出的其他盲VCIR估计算法不同,此算法可以在每用户只使用一个扩频码时实现盲估计,因而不会降低系统中的最大活动用户数.基于估计出的 VCIR,为基站使用多天线的 STBC MC CDMA系统构筑了相应的空时多用户检测器.在系统的基站端使用多天线时,该检测器的活动用户数上限比使用单天线时的对应值有成倍的增加,在用户端使用空时分组码,可以更好地利用发射分集,提高信息的传送速率.仿真结果表明,该检测器不仅可以使用户容量达到系统活动用户数的上限,而且在活动用户数为14、相同信噪比的情况下,使用单根接收天线可以使系统误比特率降低40%.     

可获得满分集增益的正交线性分散空时编码

针对多输入多输出系统中现有的线性分散（LD）空时码编、解码复杂度高的问题，提出了一类正交线性分散（OLD）空时编码．OLD码与LD码搜索最优基矩阵的方法不同，它采用一组各列相互正交的随机基矩阵对要传输的数据符号进行空、时二维上的调制，不仅对任意发射天线数都可以获得满分集增益，而且在最大似然解码时可以完全解耦各数据符号，大大简化了发射机和接收机的设计，改善了系统性能．理论分析及仿真实验表明，当发射天线数与数据符号数的乘积小于等于空时编码的帧长时，OLD码获得了比LD码更大的信道容量，并且由于OLD码在解码的过程中可以完全消除符号问的干扰，因此在相同误码率条件下比LD码的信噪比提高了2dB．     

阵列天线多载波CDMA系统性能比较

将阵列天线应用于多载波CDMA系统可以显著改善系统的性能,讨论了3种阵列天线多载波CDMA系统发射、接收信号和信道模型,给出了系统的误码率公式.分析了3种阵列天线多载波CDMA系统在频谱效率相同时的系统参数.在频谱效率相同的条件下,通过数值结果比较了3种阵列天线多载波CDMA系统的误码率性能.结果表明,阵列天线MC-CDMA系统由于受空域和频域分集的联合影响,系统的误码率性能最好;阵列天线MT-CDMA系统可获得空域和时域分集增益,系统性能次之;阵列天线MC-DS-CDMA系统只有空域分集增益,系统性能相对最差.     

一种针对混合空时编码解码方案的改进

针对结合空时分组码(STBC)及分层空时码(V-BLAST)的混合空时编码结构,提出了一种新型的接收解码方案.该方案首先对发送矢量、信道矩阵及接收矢量进行简单的拓展重构,然后直接进行V-BLAST串行干扰消除检测算法,充分利用了STBC的分集增益及V-BLAST串行干扰消除译码的优势.仿真结果表明,对于STBC占较大比重的混合空时编码结构或接收天线数量大于发送天线数量的情况,这种新型的接收解码方案的误码率性能相对于传统的解码方案优势尤其明显,适用于上行链路使用.     

频率选择性衰落信道中的时间反转正交空时分组码设计

针对空时分组码在频率选择性衰落信道中误码率性能损失严重的问题,提出了一种时间反转坐标交织正交码设计方案(TR-CIOD).先将空时码的部分传输数据进行时间反转,按照特定数据格式改变符号时序进行传输,然后利用正交空时分组码等效信道矩阵的正交性和循环矩阵的乘法特性,在接收端进行空时匹配滤波.TR-CIOD方案能够降低符号间干扰对数据传输的影响,在保证获得空时码多天线分集增益的同时,还能有效合并信道多径,获得多径分集增益.仿真结果表明,在2径信道、误码率为10-5时,TR-CIOD方案比平坦信道中的坐标交织正交码设计方案的信噪比增益提高了5.5 dB.     

应用回归算法改进宽带码分多址系统中的信道估计

研究宽带码分多址系统中瑞利衰落信道下使用导频符号辅助信道估计的方法,并提出应用回归算法改进信道估计.在初始估计中,由传统方法得到的信道参数估计值,通过长时线性或二次曲线回归来修正短时估计误差.仿真结果表明,在宽带码分多址系统中应用该方法可以获得0.4 dB的增益.     

多载波码分多址系统的上行空频信道盲估计

把均匀线阵应用于宏蜂窝制同步多载波码分多址系统的基站,给出了相应的空频信道模型,并构造了蕴涵空频信道信息和波达方向信息的辅助矩阵,利用子空间方法对辅助矩阵进行特征分解,实现了对同步多载波码分多址系统上行空频信道和波达方向联合盲估计,与借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数类方法不同,该方法巧妙回避了多个矩阵的联合对角化问题,基于对小区内各活动用户上行空频信道的估计,进一步实现了空频联合多用户符号检测,仿真结果表明,与基站仅使用单天线的同步多载波码分多址系统相比,该方法能够更好地减轻多用户情形下的多址干扰。     

线性检测中的最优空时编码设计与分析

针对传统空时编码最大似然译码复杂度高的问题,提出一种基于线性检测算法的最优空时编码方案(LO-STBC).首先将发送符号与服从特定规则的传输符号系数矩阵线性组合构成空时编码矩阵,然后将该空时编码矩阵的各行从多根发射天线上并行传输,最后在接收端使用等效信道线性检测译码.相比于传统编码,LO-STBC编码的误比特率性能最优,与信道编码联合使用时可以获得最大分集增益,并且可有效降低自适应传输应用时的计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,在相同传输速率下,LO-STBC编码的误比特率最接近理论性能曲线,比传统编码低0.5 dB,在带有信道编码的系统中分集增益优势明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of