Free to Fall: The Theme of “Free Will” in Paradise Lost and Milton’s Religion

As one of the most brilliant epics, Paradise Lost is John Milton’s declaration of his philosophy on the fall of man as well as the failure of the English Revolution. This article is aimed at discuss the theme of free will in Paradise Lost, Miltion’s Arminian convictions and the relationship between his Arminianism and the English Revolution.     

A Collaborative Project Between Tsinghua and Impregilo Company Launched

A signing ceremony between Tsinghua University and Italian Impregilo Company over the project of an environ-mentally-friendly and energy saving building was held in the Main Building on December 7, 2004. Tsinghua University President Gu Binglin, Mr. Shi Dinghuan, the general secretary of the Ministry of Scienceand Technology, China, Mr. Matteoli, minister of Italian Ministry of Environment and Territory, Mr. Romiti,President of the Impregilo Company attended and gave the brief rem…     

MOU Signed Between the University of Wisconsin at Madison and Tsinghua University

A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Tsinghua University and the University of Wisconsin at Madison on May 24, 2007, during the visit of Chancellor John D. Wiley, the University of Wisconsin at Madison.     

Genesis of the mega-crystal zircons in the dunite veins of North Qaidam Mountains, northwestern China

A megacrystal zircon occurs in serpentinized dunite veins from North Qaidam, northwestern China. It is red-brown and 3―4 mm long and 2 mm wide in size. BSE imaging shows the presence of micro-grains （30―50 μm） of zircon between olivine and serpentine, part of them gathering into clusters （100―300 μm）. Thus we infer that these zircon crystals were precipitated from hydrothermal fluid. Inclusions of baddeleyite （white） in the shape of isolated island locally occur in the large zircon （grey）, implying that the former formed earlier than the latter. The mirco-baddeleyite （50―100 μm） aggregate consists of baddeleyite （3―5 μm） and olivine （〈5 μm）, indicating the zircon formation through interaction between baddeleyite and silica-bearing fluid. Therefore, we consider a genetic link between the formation of the large zircon and the serpentinization of dunite. SHIRIMP U-Pb dating of the large zircon gave two groups of concordant ages at 414 ± 13 Ma and 371 ± 9 Ma, respectively. This might reflect two episodes of zircon growth in response to two episodes of fluid action.     

A novel water-soluble anionic conjugated copolymer containing poly（p-phenylene vinylene） segments： Copolymer synthesis and multilayer construction by assembling poly（diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride）

This paper reports the synthesis of a water soluble conjugated polymer poly（p-phenylene vinyleneco-sodium methacrylate） （ws-P（PV-co-SMA）） and the multilayer of the derived copolymer assembling poly（diallyl dimethyl ammanium chloride） （PDDA）. The self-assembling process of the multilayer was monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and the data indicated a linear increase in film thickness with a number of ws-P（PV-co-SMA）/PDDA bilayers. The alternative deposition of ws-P （PV-co-SMA） and PDDA allowed the insertion of a non-conjugated layer between the conjugated layers, thus the migration of the photogenerated polarons was effectively confined in the isolated ws-P （PV-co-SMA） chains. Consequently, the photoluminescence quantum yield reached 0.68, 30 times higher than that of pure poly（p-phenylen vinylene）. The distinct electronic interactions between conjugated segments were confirmed by comparative analyses of the excitation spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of ws-P（PV-co-SMA） solid film and the assembled multilayers. The confinement effect of the PDDA layer on the photogenerated carriers was verified by the surface photovoltage spectroscopic measurement on both ws-P（PV-co-SMA） solid film and self-assembled multilayers.     

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （TB） has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression （KD） and Tabei Uplift （TU）. And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma- lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections： KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （NMTB） may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt （TOB）.     

The effect of α-helix comformation on interaction between model oligopeptides and polymers

The study of interactions between peptides and synthetic polymers has aroused considerable interest recently. In the present paper, the interaction mechanism between adsorbent DMAPAM and two peptides, VVRGCTWW（V8） and CTWW（C4）, was investigated at molecular level by NMR and molecular stimulation. The results demonstrated that the conformation of oligopeptides played a vital role in their adsorption capacity on the adsorbent. Weak interactions could incorporate with each other between V8 and DMAPAM because there was a hydrophobic cleavage in o-helix conformation of V8. So the ad- sorption capacity of DMAPAM to V8 was higher. This was significant to explore the interaction mechanism between peptides and biomaterials.     

Characterization of codon usage bias in the dUTPase gene of duck enteritis virus

A comparative analysis of the codon usage bias in the newly discovered dUTPase gene （Assigned Accession No.： DQ486149） of the duck enteritis virus （DEV） and the dUTPase gene of 32 reference herpesviruses was performed. The results indicated that the DEV dUTPase gene encodes a protein of 477 amino acids, which includes five conserved motifs with a 3-1-2-4-5 arrangement. The codon adaptation index （CAI）, effective number of codons （ENC）, and GC3s values indicated synonymous codon usage bias in the dUTPase gene of herpesviruses, and this synonymous bias was correlated with host evolution. The codon usage patterns of the DEV dUTPase gene were phylogenetically conserved and similar to that of the dUTPase genes of the avian alphaherpesvirus. Although codon usage in each microorganism was different, there were no strain-specific differences among them. Sixty-one codons in the predicted polypeptide, with a strong bias towards A and T at the third codon position, were used. Comparison of the codon usage in the dUTPase gene of different organisms revealed that there were 19 codons showing distinct codon usage differences between the DEV and Escherichia coli dUTPase genes; 16 between the DEV and yeast dUTPase genes; and 15 between the DEV and human dUTPase genes. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed significant differences between the DEV and yeast dUTPase genes （r = 0.536, P 〈 0.01）. The extent of codon usage bias in the DEV dUTPase gene was highly correlated with the gene expression level, therefore the results may provide useful information for gene classification and functional studies.     

Comparative analysis of A, B, C and D genomes in the genus Oryza with Cot-1 DNA of C genome

Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza officinalis Wall. （CC）, O. sativa L. （AA）xO. officinalis F1 hybrid （AC）, backcross progenies BC1 （AAC and ACC）, O. latifolia Desv. （CCDD）, O. alta Swallen （CCDD） and O. punctata Kotschy （BBCC） with a labelled probe of Cot-1 DNA from O. officinalis. In O. officinalis, the homologous chromosomes showed similar signal bands probed by Cot-1 DNA and karyotype analysis was conducted based on the band patterns. Using no blocking DNA, the probe identified the chromosomes of C genome clearly, but detected few signals on chromosomes of A genome in the F1 hybrid and two backcross progenies of BC1. It is obvious that the highly and moderately repetitive DNA sequences were considerably different between C and A genomes. The chromosomes of C genome were also discriminated from the chromosomes of Dand B-genome in the tetraploid species O. latifolia, O. alta and O. punctata by Cot-1 DNA-FISH. Comparison of the fluorescence intensity on the chromosomes of B, C and D genomes in O. latifolia, O. alta, and O. punctata indicated that the differentiations between C and D genomes are less than that between C and B genomes. The relationship between C and D genomes in O. alta is closer than that of C and D genomes in O. latifolia. This would be one of the causes for the fact that both the genomes are of the same karyotype （CCDD） but belong to different species. The above results showed that the Cot-1 DNA had a high specificity of genome and species. In this paper, the origin of allotetraploid in genus Oryza is also discussed.     

A dynamic view of the tropospheric teleconnection between IOD and the Pacific Ocean

The tropospheric teleconnection pattern between the Indian Ocean Dipole （IOD） and the Pacific Ocean was studied using GISST and NECP/NCAR reanalysis data. Results show that a structure of Rossby wave train extends from the tropical Indian Ocean over southern subtropical regions of Australia and Pacific Ocean to the tropical Pacific Ocean, where a strong correlation between IOD and geopotential height （GH） anomaly of Pacific Ocean exists. Energy propagating pathways of the planetary wave with wave numbers 1-3 are qualitatively in agreement with the Rossby wave train, which implies that the energy propagation of the stationary planetary wave could be responsible for the tropospheric teleconnection between IOD and tropical Pacific Ocean.     

环境元素与纪念场所的融合及其实例分析

通过总结梅州市叶剑英纪念园的规划设计,对融合环境的纪念场所的创作进行了探索．文中从融合环境的思路出发,在整合原有各种环境关系的基础上,有机协调原生环境元素与所营造的纪念场所的新元素之间的关系,并将提炼出的原环境特质点运用于对园区功能的创造中,使营造的纪念空间有机地融入环境的整体空间结构脉络中,实现深层次的融合．     

光强对砀山酥梨果实发育期Ca2+、Zn2+含量变化的影响

本实验以砀山酥梨为实验材料研究梨果实发育期间C a2+、Zn2+含量的变化规律以及与光强的关系。结果表明:(1)砀山酥梨果实C a2+、Zn2+浓度在盛花后第1周和第7周出现两次高峰,这正是石细胞形成的关键期,说明C a2+、Zn2+浓度大小与石细胞的形成有关;(2)梨果实吸收C a2+、Zn2+主要在幼果期,且表现出高光强>中光强>弱光强>极弱光强。     

试论组块记忆法

组块记忆法是由词首组块记忆法、词义组块记忆法和分析组块记忆法组成的.组块记忆法既可以理顺记忆头绪,又可以化解记忆难点,同时还可以提高记忆效率.学习中采用组块记忆法可获得事半功倍的效果.     

成化初台阁派内部的一次政治、文艺斗争:“翰林四谏”事件分析

已经衰落的台阁派在成化二三年连续发生了被合称为"翰林四谏"的政治事件,翰林修撰罗伦上疏阻止内阁首辅李贤夺情起复,编修章懋、黄仲昭和检讨庄昶三人上疏谏阻举行元宵灯节,并拒绝应制撰作节庆诗词,先后被贬官外任。这是一场由政治道德而波及文艺思想领域的斗争,深刻反映了当时社会价值观念的趋于活跃和独立认真思考的力量,即使是受帝国意识形态训育和在体制内的人物,也有可能打破思想界和文艺界的沉闷气氛。     

如何在纪念馆展示中合理运用多媒体技术

对多媒体技术在纪念馆展示中的功能、作用和应用方式进行了简要介绍。充分讨论了在纪念馆展示中合理应用多媒体技术所需注意的主要问题。指明了合理应用多媒体技术在纪念馆展示中的重要作用。     

唐大明宫诗句中的挽歌

梳理《全唐诗》中作于大明宫的挽歌,按照祭奠对象分为三类：祭奠皇帝的、祭奠太子的、祭奠皇后皇太后的,三者各有侧重。祭奠皇帝的挽歌突出皇帝的政治意象,重点是皇帝在位的功绩及葬礼情境;祭奠太子的挽歌则用“旌旗”“薤露”等凸显年轻太子去世时人们的伤悲;祭奠皇后皇太后的挽歌重点描述了女性的淑德、宗教信仰甚至生殖崇拜。虽然唐代宫廷挽歌由于祭奠对象的不同而导致侧重点不同,但是其艺术价值基本相同。     

女性:游弋于传统与现代之间--读苏青的散文

苏青是四十年代上海著名的女作家，她的作品以女性生活为题材，从女性性别特征出发探讨女性生活现状和以后的出路，显示出其独特之处。但在现实面前，在传统与现代之间、事业与婚姻（或爱情）之间该如何进行选择的问题上，苏青有着极大的困惑和矛盾，最终也未能指明一条女性该走的新路子。     

徽州牌坊资源数据库建设研究

为了对现存的徽州牌坊资源进行系统的梳理和利用,也为了能够更好地方便相关科研工作者对徽州牌坊进行研究,徽州牌坊资源数据库的建设迫在眉睫,在分析了徽州牌坊资源数据库建设可行性的基础上、从徽州牌坊资源数据库结构、数据采集、平台建设3个方面给予了阐述,以期能够为相关研究提供参考,促进徽文化的研究与传播.     

明清徽州节烈妇女的牌坊旌表

明清政府对贞节妇女旌表建坊有明文规定,获旌建坊对本人和家族都是无上光荣。徽州深受宋明理学熏陶,对于这种殊荣的追求和向往更为强烈,徽州牌坊是现今全国牌坊数量最多的。贞节牌坊作为宗族规训女性的重要手段之一,其建立既是对女性的旌表,也是宗族施展权力的象征。明清徽州正是通过中央政府的牌坊旌表,使得贞节典范不断被树立、被效仿,从而导致节烈现象愈演愈烈。     

晋祠古祠建筑群浅析

从晋祠的环境与选址、晋祠的形成、空间布局与建筑组成三个方面进行论述,对晋祠的环境从历史形成、地理地质的角度进行深究;对晋祠的空间布局以祭祀的角度,从整体到个体,再到整体的研究方法进行阐述。晋祠古祠庙建筑的研究分析无疑是对祭祀文化和祭祀建筑的一次深入挖掘。从中我们可以得知,当时的人们根据地形、风水、气候三个因素对环境进行选址;以山门-水镜台-献殿-正殿的空间序列进行对祖先的祭祀礼仪。力求从祭祀建筑中更深入地了解建筑所传递给人们的庄重、神圣的祭祀文化内涵。