间苯二甲酰胺Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

采用3-二甲氨基丙胺和间苯二甲酰氯为原料,合成二(3-二甲氨基丙基)间苯二甲酰胺,再分别与溴代正十二烷、溴代正十四烷和溴代正十六烷反应制得3种含酰胺键的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂(C12-N-C12、C14-N-C14、C16-N-C16).采用IR、1 H-NMR、元素分析表征了其结构.测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为5.96×10-4、1.03×10-4、6.25×10-5 mol·L-1;表面张力(γCMC)分别为40.83、38.76、38.08 mN·m-1;Krafft点分别为0、0、12℃,并研究了其乳化性、泡沫性质.     

溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑的微波辅助合成及工业化方案研究

以溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料,利用微波辅助合成了咪唑类离子液体溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑([BMIm]Br),并用红外光谱对[BMIm]Br进行了结构表征.运用单因素实验研究了反应条件对合成过程的影响,并从工业应用角度得出了微波辅助合成[BMIm]Br的最优化条件:物料比(物质的量比)为1∶1.3、时间为5min、功率为500W、温度为100℃.产率高达97.2%.通过模拟工业实验验证了间歇法和连续法两种工艺的可行性.     

改性镍钼粉催化合成1-溴代异戊烷

以异戊醇和氢溴酸为原料 ,改性镍钼粉为催化剂 ,催化合成 3,1-溴代异戊烷。探索出适于合成 1-溴代异戊烷的工艺控制条件 ,由异戊烷与氢溴酸物质的量比为n(异戊烷 ) :n(氢溴烷 ) =1 0 :2 5 ,催化剂用量为m(异戊烷 ) :m(催化剂 ) =1 0 0 0 :0 12 5 ,反应温度为 10 0～ 110℃ ,反应时间为 2h ,1-溴代异戊烷的收率为 :90 %。     

含酯基Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成与性能

以咪唑,溴代烷(1-溴辛烷,1-溴癸烷,1-溴十二烷、1-溴十四烷、1-溴十六烷)和1,2-双(氯乙酰氧基)乙烷为主要原料合成了5个新型含酯基Gemini咪唑表面活性剂,通过FTIR和1H NMR确认了目标产物的结构。室温下测定了表面张力、乳化性能和起泡性能,结果表明随着烷基链长的增加,表面活性剂的表面活性提高,同时表现出良好的乳化能力和泡沫能力。     

四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

本文以N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷为原料采用传统方法合成溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑[HMIM]Br中间体,通过实验分析反应时间、反应温度及N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷的摩尔比(原料比)对[HMIM]Br收率的影响.中间体经过离子交换.得到化合物[HMIM]BF4.产物的结构经1H NMR确认.与谱图结构一致.     

9,10-菲醌选择性溴化反应研究

通过改变反应物的投料比、溶剂、反应温度等因素高选择性合成了9,10-菲醌系列溴化物.结果表明:9,10-菲醌与N-溴代丁酰亚胺摩尔比为1.0∶1.4,在浓硫酸中0℃反应3 h得到了2-溴-9,10-菲醌,收率60%;在相同条件下,9,10-菲醌与N-溴代丁酰亚胺摩尔比为1.0∶2.3得到了2,7-二溴-9,10-菲醌,收率76%;9,10-菲醌与溴素摩尔比为1.0∶1.4,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,在冰乙酸中106℃反应3 h,得到了3-溴-9,10-菲醌,收率85%,在相同条件下,9,10-菲醌与溴素摩尔比为1.0∶3.4,得到了3,6-二溴-9,10-菲醌,收率90%.对9,10-菲醌的选择性溴化规律进行了探讨,发现溴化剂的加入量是决定生成单溴代或双溴代产物的主要因素.     

3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-甲氧基松香烷的全合成

按照AC-ABC的合成策略,设计了1种新的合成路线,并合成了目标产物3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-羟基松香烷.在合成中,以2-异丙基苯甲醚为原料,在磷钼酸铵催化下,经过对位溴代、与环氧乙烷加成和节醇溴代等反应步骤,合成了3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-甲氧基松香烷13,总收率达14.17%.通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱等结构表征,结果表明成功实现了目标产物的全合成.     

舒巴坦前体溴代青霉烷酸的工艺研究

以β-内酰胺酶抑制剂舒巴坦的传统合成工艺为基础，以6-APA为原料，在氢溴酸和亚硝酸钠作用下，合成舒巴坦的前体溴代青霉烷酸，确定了最佳合成工艺．通过一系列实验，可以得出6-APA、氢溴酸、溴素、亚硝酸钠的最佳配比为1：13：4：1（物质的量比），反应温度在0℃以下，反应时间达4h以上时，产品收率可达92％，并用红外光谱对产品结构进行初步表征。     

以三羟基苯基荧光酮为光谱探针测定痕量锑

以三羟基苯基荧光酮(THPF)作为光谱探针,在溴代十六烷基吡啶-乳化剂(CPB-OP)微乳液介质中研究其与锑的显色反应,当pH=7.01,微乳液介质中锑与三羟基苯基荧光酮的物质的量比为1∶3时,系统中能形成稳定的有色配合物,其最大吸收波长λmax=460 nm;采用双峰双波长光度法测得其摩尔吸光系数ε=2.81×106L.mol-1.cm-1,比单波长分光光度法测得的ε的灵敏度提高4.43倍;用此配合物测定以污水为底液的模拟样品中的锑,标准偏差均小于2.1%;以巯基葡聚糖凝胶(SDG)分离富集消除共存离子干扰时,Sb3+的回收率为97%～102%。     

3-甲基-4-巯基-6-叔丁基苯酚的合成研究

以3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚为原料,合成了一种新型巯基化合物3-甲基-4-巯基-6-叔丁基苯酚.考察了合成过程中的影响因素,通过元素分析、NMR、质谱等手段对产物进行了结构表征.最佳合成条件为:在原料物质的量0.5%的碘催化下,3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚与氯化硫物质的量比1∶2或1.1∶2投料,0~5℃下反应,然后用锌粉、盐酸还原,锌粉用量为原料物质的量两倍,而盐酸用量为锌粉物质的量的两倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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