用多方位-距离滤波法解纯方位定位问题

通过预估初距，将距离、方位滤波法应用于纯方位单目标定位问题，利用二乘滤波原理建立了多方位—距离滤波法应用于观测器方位序列估计目标运动参数的数学模型，给出并严格证明了方位与初距的变化规律，为建立快速、实用的可视化多模型法奠定了理论基础。     

机载三维纯方位无源定位的可观测性

纯方位系统的可观测性,是指系统在纯方位观察条件下,能唯一的求解目标的运动参数。针对三维空间作匀速直线运动的目标,首先建立了观测器与目标之间的矢量图形以及矢量方程;并通过解矢量方程转化为对观测矩阵的分析,最后利用克莱姆法则以及矩阵秩的概念对纯方位系统跟踪的可观测性问题进行了讨论,得到了观测器在匀速直线运动以及匀加速直线运动情况下的观测性结论:匀速直线运动观测器的观测指数恒为常数,目标是不可观测的;匀加速直线运动观测器的观测指数非常数时,目标是可观测的。文中采用的研究方法在机载纯方位目标运动状态的观测性分析中是可行的,对观测载机优化轨迹的生成具有一定的指导意义。     

基于推广Kalman滤波的机载无源定位改进算法

研究空中运动观测平台对地面辐射源目标的纯方位信息定位算法,提出改进的二阶EKF定位算法以提高定位估计精度.用推广Kalman滤波算法代替传统的最小二乘定位算法.充分利用观测平台的运动信息建立了可观测的观测方程,并采用二阶EKF算法解决了在观测误差较大的情况下导致的非线性误差较大的问题.采用Monte Carlo仿真比较LS,EKF和二阶EKF 3种方法的性能.证明用这种方法可以达到更好的估计精度,能够将目标位置定位在更小的概率椭圆内.概率误差椭圆缩小了30%.     

基于杂波距离方位谱的机载非正侧MIMO雷达STAP方法

在机载非正侧MIMO雷达系统中,传统统计类空时自适应处理方法难以获得足量的独立同分布训练单元,无法准确估计待测单元杂波特性,杂波抑制性能严重下降。为了减少所需训练单元数,在分析机载非正侧MIMO雷达杂波在距离-方位域上分布的基础上,给出了杂波距离方位谱的概念;然后,利用稀疏恢复方法和距离滤波器估计杂波距离方位谱;根据杂波距离方位谱估计杂波协方差矩阵、构造空时滤波器,滤除杂波、检测目标。由于利用了雷达和载机参数等飞行配置先验信息以及杂波空时耦合关系构造,基于杂波距离方位谱的STAP方法可以在少量训练单元的情况下准确估计杂波协方差矩阵,有效抑制杂波、检测慢速目标,仿真实验证明了方法的有效性。     

一种宽带非相关信号DOA估计的新方法

介绍一种宽带非相关信号DOA估计的新方法(TOPS),该方法利用信号源各频率段噪声子空间和信号子空间的正交关系对信号源的方位进行估计.TOPS算法与宽带聚焦类算法不同点在于,该方法不需要对信号方位进行预估计.仿真显示该算法的分辨力高,在高信噪比条件下估计性能优越.     

基于EKF的PMSM无机械传感器矢量控制

为了准确估计永磁同步电机(PMSM)的转子位置和转速,并实现无机械传感器矢量控制,提出了一种基于扩展Kalman滤波器(EKF)的转子位置和转速观测器,适合于求解永磁同步电机的非线性方程。观测器状态方程采用转子磁链定向的同步旋转坐标系下的电压方程,电感等参数为常数,可以应用于凸极机和隐极机。对扩展Kalman滤波器进行了算法简化,使它可以实用化。把负载转矩作为状态变量,观测器可以同时观测负载转矩,并把观测转矩用作前馈补偿,提高了系统的动态性能。通过实验验证了系统的性能。     

机动目标被动声定位仿真研究

针对基于时延估计的空中机动目标定位与跟踪的算法仿真问题,提出一种以时变时延信号产生算法为基础的仿真方法.该算法利用FIR滤波器线性相位特性,使模拟的目标信号通过时变FIR滤波器产生相对输入信号有时变时延的输出信号.在考虑了目标的机动、干扰信号、环境噪声以及信噪比后构造出模拟的阵列接收信号,通过定位算法得到目标方位.仿真表明该方法能较好地完成对基于时延估计的被动声定位算法的评估,并具有广泛的适用性和实用性.     

约束仅方位跟踪粒子滤波器研究

该文研究了杂波干扰下适用于平面机动目标实时定位的粒子滤波器的设计和实现.运用贝叶斯递推方法,分析了通用粒子滤波算法.应用马尔可夫链理论,建立了目标机动的多模式模型.针对约束仅方位跟踪(CBOT)的实际条件,推导了粒子滤波器中的最优重要密度公式.综合粒子滤波算法和约束仅方位跟踪理论,得出了约束仅方位跟踪粒子滤波器的伪码.对约束仅方位跟踪粒子滤波器的研究表明:在目标受到道路图之类的约束假设下,可以去除对本站作特定机动的要求;可在杂波环境中、目标作任意非线性机动的情况下,实现仅方位跟踪;跟踪定位距离大、角度宽;采用最优重要密度,可大大减少粒子数,降低计算量.     

一种精确的前向散射雷达三维目标跟踪方法

针对一般测量精度下初始状态估计误差大,导致滤波易发散的问题,提出了一种基于解析推导和Leven-berg-Marquardt算法的初始状态估计方法,能够在目标参数测量精度不高的情况下获得比较精确的初始值;针对滤波过程计算量太大、收敛速度慢的问题,结合精确的初始状态估计值和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)实现了前向散射雷达三维目标的精确跟踪.通过仿真和比较分析表明,EKF算法跟踪精度高,收敛速度快,且计算量小.     

低成本姿态测量系统研究

针对由低精度的惯性陀螺、加速度计、磁强计组成的低成本姿态测量系统,该文进行了组合算法研究.设计了有陀螺测量和基于四元数差分法的无陀螺测量2种广义卡尔曼滤波器(EKF);采用四元数避免了欧拉角法的奇异问题;用高斯-牛顿误差最小法将六维观测量转化为四元数,作为观测量的一部分,显著减少了直接使用EKF的计算量.设计了仿真数据进行算法验证,成功地得到姿态估计,并对2种EKF滤波器在低速和高速状态下进行验证,取得良好效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the