HIV-1C亚型DNA疫苗诱导小鼠免疫反应的研究

 构建含中国流行株HIV-1 C亚型核心蛋白gag基因的重组质粒pVAX-gag,并在体外进行了表达与鉴定.同时构建了含此gag基因的原核表达质粒pGEX-gag,表达纯化并鉴定重组蛋白Gag.以质粒pVAX-gag免疫Balb/C小鼠后,用ELISpot和流式细胞仪检测其细胞免疫反应.再以纯化后的重组蛋白Gag作为包被抗原,用ELISA检测其体液免疫反应.结果显示重组质粒pVAX-gag免疫小鼠后可有效地诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,且免疫剂量和免疫效果存在一定的正相关性.重组原核表达质粒pGEX-gag的表达产物能与抗p24单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,可用于抗HIV抗体检测.     

LAGE-1DNA肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤治疗效果研究

以LAGE-1转染EMT6构建小鼠乳腺癌肿瘤模型;将BalB/c小鼠随机分为4组,以pcDNA3.1/LAGE-1及对照pcDNA3.1分别接种实验组和对照组各三次.于末次免疫后10 d在小鼠左背部、右背部皮下分别种植EMT6肿瘤细胞和EMT6/LAGE1肿瘤细胞．荷瘤后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小,并对小鼠脾细胞进行CTL细胞杀伤活性实验来观察DNA疫苗引起的免疫反应.结果显示LAGE-1DNA疫苗在体内能诱导有效的特异性肿瘤免疫应答,该疫苗简便有效.     

恒河猴犬瘟热病毒基因疫苗制备单克隆抗体的研究

从感染犬瘟热病毒死亡的恒河猴肝脏组织中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增H全基因并克隆到真核表达质粒pVAX中,构建了基因疫苗pVAX-H。用制备的基因疫苗免疫BaLb/c小鼠,小鼠可以产生免疫应答,免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合后,经间接ELISA法筛选,获得5株稳定分泌抗CDV H蛋白的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。该5株单抗对应不同的病毒抗原表位,且均不与CPV和MV发生反应, McAb诱生的腹水可体外中和犬瘟热病毒,其中2株中和效价大于1:256。结果表明,CDV H基因疫苗可制备具有一定中和效价的抗CDV的单克隆抗体。     

Three Candidate Epitope—Vaccines in Combination Inducing High Levels of Multiantibodies Against HIV—1

HIV-1 mutation results in immune evasion, which presents a serious challenge for conventional strategies for developing effective vaccines. So far, much experimental evidence indicates that HIV-1 particles in the blood of patients can be cleaned principally by neutralizing antibodies. Based on these facts, we prepared triple combination of epitope-vaccines with the objective of inducing antibodies with predefined multi-epitope-specificity against HW-1. According to the sequences of three neutralizing epitopes (RILAVERYLKD, ELDKWA and GPGRAFY, designated El, E2, and E3, respectively) on HIV-1 envelope proteins, three epitope-peptides ((E1)2: C-(RILAVERYLKDG)2; (E2)4: C-(ELDKWAG)4; and (E3)2:C-(GPGRAFY)2) were synthesized and then conjugated with carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), and used for immunizing rabbits. After the vaccine course, the triple combination of epitope-vaccines induced high levels of predefined multi-epitope-specific antibodies. An immunoblotting-analysis demonstrated that the antibodies could recognize the native epitopes on both gp41 protein and V3 loop peptide. Furthermore, we compared the immune responses of three doses of epitope-peptides in the candidate epitope-vaccine. Strong antibody responses to three epitopes were observed in a dose dependent manner, with increasing dose raising the immune response. This result indicated that immunotolerance did not occur using an epitope vaccine dose of 80 ~tg. Thus, our results demonstrate that epitope-vaccines in combination can synchronously induce high levels of antibodies with predefined multi-epitope-specificity against HIV-1, and may be used to develop effective vaccines against HIV as a new strategy.     

乙肝病毒核酸疫苗诱导小鼠细胞免疫应答的研究

研究利用核酸疫苗诱生乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)表面抗原 (S)细胞免疫应答的作用 .免疫前于BALB/C小鼠股四头肌注射 75 %盐酸布比卡因 ,三天后同样部位注射包含HBsAg基因片段的重组质粒pcDNAHBs .采用3H -TdR掺入法测定免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖能力 ;XTT法测定其脾细胞分泌IL 2活性 .结果表明注射乙肝核酸疫苗可以使小鼠脾细胞增殖 ,小鼠脾细胞分泌上清中可检测到IL - 2活性     

Immune control of an SIV challenge by a T-cell-based vaccine in rhesus monkeys

A recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector-based vaccine for HIV-1 has recently failed in a phase 2b efficacy study in humans. Consistent with these results, preclinical studies have demonstrated that rAd5 vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag failed to reduce peak or setpoint viral loads after SIV challenge of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that lacked the protective MHC class I allele Mamu-A*01 (ref. 3). Here we show that an improved T-cell-based vaccine regimen using two serologically distinct adenovirus vectors afforded substantially improved protective efficacy in this challenge model. In particular, a heterologous rAd26 prime/rAd5 boost vaccine regimen expressing SIV Gag elicited cellular immune responses with augmented magnitude, breadth and polyfunctionality as compared with the homologous rAd5 regimen. After SIV(MAC251) challenge, monkeys vaccinated with the rAd26/rAd5 regimen showed a 1.4 log reduction of peak and a 2.4 log reduction of setpoint viral loads as well as decreased AIDS-related mortality as compared with control animals. These data demonstrate that durable partial immune control of a pathogenic SIV challenge for more than 500 days can be achieved by a T-cell-based vaccine in Mamu-A*01-negative rhesus monkeys in the absence of a homologous Env antigen. These findings have important implications for the development of next-generation T-cell-based vaccine candidates for HIV-1.     

CpG DNA enhances the immune responses elicited by the DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs

CpG DNA is DNA sequence that has immune stimulatory effects. Several lines of investigation over the past few years indicate that CpG DNA plays an important role in the induction of immune responses to DNA vaccines. In this study, CpG DNA-containing synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding a fusion protein containing b- galactosidase from E. coli and immunogenic epitopes of foot- and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O, and the immune responses induced by the plasmid were assayed. The results showed that guinea pigs immunized with the recombinant plasmid containing CpG-ODN generated a higher level of FMDV-neutralizing antibody and a stronger T cell proliferative response and protection against viral challenge than those receiving the plasmid containing no CpG-ODN. Our study demonstrated that it is an effective route to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines by inserting exogenous CpG DNA into the plasmids, and the DNA vaccine developed here is a promising candidate to prevent FMDV infection.     

莲藕抗氧化多糖的抗HIV-1整合酶作用研究

利用乙醇沉淀、凝胶过滤等方法从莲藕中分离纯化得到具有抗氧化活性的多糖复合物LB2,经分析,LB2分子量为18.8 kD,由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖这五种单糖组成,其比例为2:8:7:8:1.LB2显示出较强的抑制HIV-1整合酶体外3'切割活性,可作为一种新型HIV-1整合酶抑制剂.     

一类具有时滞和CTL免疫反应的HIV-1感染模型的稳定性和Hopf分支

研究一类具有时滞和CTL免疫反应的HIV-1感染动力学模型.通过分析特征方程,讨论了系统各可行平衡点的局部稳定性和系统Hopf分支的存在性.通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数,研究了未感染平衡点和CTL-激活感染平衡点的全局稳定性.最后对所得理论结果进行了数值模拟.     

感染性疾病DNA疫苗研究进展（综述）

简要介绍丙型肝炎,爱滋病,结核病,疟疾,麻疹等几种感染性疾病DNA疫苗的重要发现。     

Induction of corneal epithelial progenitors from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rhesus monkeys in vitro

Bioengineered corneas are substitutes for human donor tissue that are designed to treat severe dis-ease affecting ocular surfaces. However,a shortage of candidate seed cells for bioengineering corneas is still a problem. Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of multilineage differen-tiation. Therefore,we determined whether MSCs differentiate into corneal epithelial cells (ECs). We applied three exoteric-microenvironmental systems to induce MSCs to become ECs. Induced MSC were identified by means of morphologic examination,immunocytochemical analysis,and flow cytometry. MSCs grown in one microenvironment had characteristics similar to those of corneal epithelial pro-genitors. Induced MSCs expressed markers for EC,including integrin β1,Cx43,Pax6,and P63. MSCs were successfully induced to become corneal epithelial progenitors. Therefore,the use of MSCs may hold substantial promise for reconstructing the ocular surface after corneal injury.     

Expression and function of a new angiogenic factor AA98 target molecule at the maternal-embryonic boundary of rhesus monkey

The target molecule of monoclonal antibody AA98 (AA for short) is a new vascular endothelial cell related factor and plays a role in angiogenesis as indicated by the previous data. To investigate its role in angiogenesis and placentation in primate, we examined its expression in the implantation sites on D17, 19, 28 and 34 of gestation in rhesus monkey by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot. Western blot analysis showed that the primary antibody used in this study was specific for its epitope. AA protein was mainly expressed in small blood vessels and in some cytotrophoblast cells. The AA staining was found mainly in the endothelial cells and vascular small muscle. This observation supported the AA‘s role in angiogenesis. AA was spatio-temporarily expressed in cytotrophoblasts: weak in proliferating trophoblast within cell column and endovascular trophoblast, strong in trophoblastic subpopulation within the basal plate and vascular trophoblast; AA staining within the basal plate was down-regulated during early placentation. The shift of AA98 expression in extravillous trophoblasts suggestes a role of this new factor during the course of cytotrophoblast metastasis and spiral artery remodeling. The spatio-temporarily expression indicats that AA98 could be also used as a trophoblast cellular marker to characterize the acquisition of a vascular endothelial and invasive phenotype.     

基于比率依赖的HIV-1模型的数学分析

构造和分析了一个基于比率依赖的模型,此模型包括细胞内部的时滞,综合反转病毒疗法,具有感染性的T细胞和不具感染性的T细胞.细胞内部的时滞由Γ分布来模拟,这样可以将一般的泛函微分方程(FDE)系统转化为常微分方程(ODE)系统或离散微分方程(DDE)系统.本文讨论了这两种特殊情况下平衡点的稳定性.当时滞是弱时滞时FDE模型可转化成ODE模型,并且得到了FDE模型平衡点的稳定性条件.     

Induction of multi-epitopespecific antibodies against HIV-1 by multi-epitopevaccines

Some neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 envelope proteins were highly effective to inhibit the infection of different strainsin vitro, and existed in the infected individuals with very low levels. We suggested multi-epitope-vaccine as a new strategy to increase levels of neutralizing antibodies and the abilities against HIV mutationin vivo. Two candidate multi-epitope-vaccines induced antibodies with predefined multi-epitope-specificity in rhesus macaque. These antibodies recognized corresponding neutralizing epitopes on epitope-peptides, gp41 peptides, V3 loop peptide, rsgp41 and rgp120. Besides, three candidate epitope-vaccines in combination (another kind of multi-epitopevaccines) showed similar potency to induce predefined multiple immune responses in rabbits. These results suggest that multi-epitope-vaccines may be a new strategy to induce multi-antiviral activities against HIV-1 infection and mutations.     

丙型肝炎病毒DNA免疫研究进展

DNA免疫是近年发展起来的一种新型免疫技术。由于其具有显的优越性,特别适用于具有高度变异性的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)疫苗的研制。对丙型肝炎病毒DNA免疫的研究证明,确可诱生较高水平的体液及细胞免疫应答。     

自适应DNA免疫算法在化工软测量中的应用

将T-S模糊模型与RBF神经网络相结合,构成T-S模糊RBF神经网络,提出了一种自适应DNA免疫算法优化设计T-S模糊RBF神经网络的规则后件参数的方法。该方法采用基于抗体浓度和克隆选择的更新策略调节机制,能有效地保持抗体的多样性,避免早熟收敛。将该方法应用于延迟焦化汽油干点的软测量建模,仿真结果表明了DNA免疫遗传算法在T-S模糊神经网络系统优化设计中的有效性,并可获得较高精度的模型。     

中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌微球缓释疫苗的研制及免疫效果

为通过免疫防治途径控制嗜水气单胞菌引起的多种中华鳖疾病,采用复乳化-溶剂挥发法制备缓释微球疫苗,通过灌胃方式免疫中华鳖(体质量150～200 g),每只灌胃0.05 g或0.1g,微球含灭活菌约为6.75×1010/g.免疫应答反应结果显示,缓释微球疫苗体外释放可持续近40 d,血清抗体效价、白细胞吞噬率、白细胞吞噬指数及淋巴细胞转化率最高分别可达512,71.25％,1.51和77.25％.结果表明:中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌微球缓释疫苗可以达到注射灭活菌液疫苗的水平,且持续性略优于注射免疫.通过灌胃方式(0.1 g/只)、注射方式分别对中华鳖进行免疫,研究攻毒后的免疫保护率,结果显示注射免疫组和微球疫苗免疫组的免疫保护率均为85％.免疫应答实验和攻毒实验结果分别证明了中华鳖口服缓释微球疫苗免疫的持续性和有效性.     

HIV-1逆转录酶非核苷类抑制剂MKC分子结合位点的理论研究

1RT1蛋白是一个HIV-1逆转录酶核心蛋白,是抑制剂药物分子的作用靶点.非核苷类抑制剂MKC分子是1RT1蛋白中的配体分子.采用量子力学密度泛函理论,B3LYP计算方法,结合6-31G(d,P)基组,逐个计算MKC分子与其周围半径0.7 nm结构范围内的34个氨基酸残基相互作用和结合能,发现在1RT1蛋白中103Lys残基是MKC分子的结合作用位点,结合能值为-46.73 kJ·mol-1.该结合位点的发现将为进一步设计和寻找抗HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂药物分子提供一些理论基础.     

Specific immune responses induced by a multi-epitope antigen of hepatitis C virus in mice and rabbits

Five highly conserved and immunogenic epitopes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been chosen to form a multi-epitope antigen gene and fused with β-galactosidase gene to express a hybrid GZ-PCX antigen, which could be specifically recognized by human HCV sera. High level of anti-GZ-PCX IgG has been induced when mice or rabbits were immunized with GZ-PCX antigen emulsificated with complete Freund’s adjuvant or mixed with killed attenuatedSalmonella typhimurium SL3261. The specific anti-GZ-PCX IgG reached a high titer of 10^-6, which remained for several months. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effects, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes have been induced by GZ-PCX antigen or synthetic peptides. High level of anti-GZ-PCX slgG has been detected in mice’s intestinal washing fluids, which indicates that the antigen induced mucosal immunity as well as systematic immunity. The studies show that the HCV multi-epitope antigen induces high level of specific immune responses without obvious toxicity, which might be able to provide protectivity to any HCV genotypes and isolates.     

HIV-1感染与树突状细胞相互作用的研究进展(综述)

树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)是目前所知的机体内功能最强的抗原呈递细胞,在免疫应答中发挥重要作用。在AIDS发病机制中有关人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)与宿主细胞之间的作用已经有很多报道,但对树突状细胞与HIV感染之间的作用了解较少。近年来的研究发现HIV-1能诱导树突状细胞分化,改编细胞基因表达,上调细胞因子和趋化因子的产生活化T细胞,而不同的DC亚群表达不同的甘露糖C-型凝集素受体(MCLRs)结合HIVgp120,从而促进病毒感染复制和扩散。