封面图片说明：治理黄河，重在保护，要在治理

 加强生态环境保护。把黄河生态系统作为一个有机整体来谋划，上游以提高水源涵养能力为主；中游要突出抓好水土保持和污染治理；下游要注重保护湿地生态系统，提高生物多样性。     

城市景观生态建设初探——以开封市为例

城市景观生态建设是城市生态规划的基本内容。以河南省开封市为例，运用景观生态学原理，分析了开封市景观生态现状和生态建设内涵，对开封市景观生态建设提出了一些措施与对策。     

区域生态化模式与崇明岛生态建设

在全球生态文明发展潮流下,区域生态建设已成为上海城市建设的重要内容．区域生态化发展的基本模式就是在现代生态学理论指导下,协调城市生态系统的生态产业、生态人居与生态景观子系统之间、以及系统内部要素间的关系,获取最高的社会、经济与生态效益．从目前上海城市发展格局与发展需求来看,崇明岛应该成为上海城市生态系统的景观子系统．而根据崇明岛生态现状分析,台风侵袭、植被覆盖率低以及水环境条件差、水资源调蓄能力低是目前崇明岛面临的主要问题,生态建设是崇明岛发展建设的首要任务．从区域生态建设整体考虑,提出了生态覆绿、生态治水与供水的建设对策与设想．     

浅谈城市近郊区域景观的保护和利用

城市近郊区域景观带是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是介于城市中心与周边乡村的第三大景观生态空间。城郊景观带处在特定的区域位置,因此决定了其在建设和规划等方面有别于城市中心景观生态空间,同时又具有投资少、见效快、管理粗放、生态效应好等特点。作者认为城市生态建设要在充分利用和保护地表物种资源的前提下,合理规划、总体布局,进一步扩展城市外围景观生态空间,营造浓郁的景观氛围,探索一条科学、有效、健康发展的生态建设之路。     

基于景观生态学思考的城市生态建设思路

城市化发展过程中产生的很多生态环境问题与城市生态系统的结构和格局有关.应用景观生态学的理念可以从更宏观的角度来研究城市资源、环境和发展问题,为解决城市生态建设中面临的问题提供新的思路和技术途径.本文以福州市为例,试图通过对城市生态存在问题的分析,提出城市化对城市生态系统的影响和基于景观生态学思考的城市生态建设的思路.     

谈武汉市城市景观生态规划

本运用景观生态学的理论与方法结合武汉市自然环境与建设方针，探讨武汉市城市景观生态规划的基本问题，认为武汉市城市景观生态规划主要包括三个方面的内容：①切实做好环境敏感区的保护规划；②合理规划生态绿地空间；③规划城市外貌与建筑景观，使二和谐统一。     

关于六安城区生态工程建设的思考

城市是人类社会、经济和自然三个子系统构成的复合生态系统。六安城区是六安市域的政治、经济、文化中心，具有 良好的生态环境优势和区域经济特色，在生态市的建设中应注意：生态安全保障系统工程；景观生态系统工程建设；环境质量调 控工程建设。通过这三大工程的规划建设，努力把六安城区建成生态经济比较发达、生态环境优美、人与自然和谐相处的可持续 发展城市。     

城市园林建设中的问题及对策研究

园林建设不仅是城市生态系统的主要载体，而且也是城市景观、历史文化环境的主要载体；它不仅可以恢复和维护城市良好的生态环境，改善城市景观，而且在促进人与自然和谐、促进城市可持续发展等方面发挥重要作用。在新时期环境、资源、能源问题形势严峻的情况下，笔者认为应本着节约环保、生态优先、个性化要求营造园林建设。     

浅谈城市河道生态建设与治理

生态河道建设是目前城市发展的重要课题之一,建设人水和谐的河道生态系统,打造水生态良好、水景观优美、水文化丰富的亲水型宜居城市已成为许多城市的发展目标。就河道生态建设的现状、必要性、原则以及几种设计方案进行了一些分析和探讨。     

试论常德市城区生态系统结构特征及其评价

运用生态学的观点，通过对城市生态系统结构的分析研究，并以常德市城区生态系统结构为例，揭示了人地关系构成的城市生态系统中，人作为重要的主动因素，只有能动地调整城市生态系统结构，城市人才健康发展的客观规律。初步分析认为，常德市城区生态系统的结构是基本协调的，但整个城区生态系统结构还有待进一步优化，提出了优化常德市城区生态系统结构的几点建议。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with