甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯制备工艺研究

探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及其用量和溶剂(环氧氯丙烷)用量等主要制备工艺条件对单体转化率的影响.以甲基丙烯酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,制备了无甲醛交联性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯.研究结果表明,在最佳制备工艺条件下(催化剂对甲基丙烯酸钠质量百分数5.5%、反应温度95～100℃、反应时间150～160min、环氧氯丙烷与甲基丙烯酸钠的摩尔比为5.5:1.0),甲基丙烯酸钠盐的转化率接近95%,产物的纯度大于96%.     

相转移催化剂催化合成大红粉颜料的研究

研究了以色酚AS、苯胺和亚硝酸钠为原料,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(DBS')、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为相转移催化剂,通过重氮化反应和偶合反应催化合成大红粉颜料;探究了相转移催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间对大红粉颜料产率的影响;实验结果表明:加入相转移催化剂的产物产率均明显提高,且混合催化剂(SDS和SDBS)催化性能最好,在反应中无明显起泡现象;相转移催化剂最佳用量为0.1 g,最佳反应时间为30 min,产率可达88.1%;方法具有操作简单、反应速度快、产物收率高、产品纯度好等特点。     

相转移催化法制备羧甲基壳聚糖

用相转移催化剂制备羧甲基壳聚糖，研究了反应时间，温度，碱浓度和投料比等工艺条件对羧甲基化程度及产物收率的影响，结果表明，使用相转移催化剂，反应时间缩短到3h，羧甲基壳聚糖取代度和收率分别达到0.92和84.42%。     

相转移催化法合成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯

采用丙烯酸和氢氧化钠为原料,中和生成丙烯酸钠盐（SA）,加入环氧氯丙烷（EPC）,选用三乙基苄基氯化铵相转移催化剂（TEBA）,使丙烯酸钠盐和环氧氯丙烷之间的固液相反应在两相间起作用,而变得易于进行,原料转化率100%,反应在0.5-1.5 h即可完成,与国外传统的生产水平相比有了大幅度的提高。通过筛选想转移催化剂,探讨反应物摩尔比、反应时间、温度、水洗分离、精馏四段工艺得到GA的总收率为78.2%,纯度为97.0%。     

4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯的合成研究

以丙烯酸乙酯与二硝基甲烷钾盐为反应原料,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,通过Michael加成反应合成4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯。采用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法探讨了反应时间、反应物料比、催化剂用量及反应温度对产物产率的影响,得出该反应最佳工艺条件：反应时间为60 min,反应温度为20℃,n丙烯酸乙酯：n二硝基甲烷钾盐为2：1,相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵质量为二硝基甲烷钾盐质量的30%时,产物偕二硝基丁酸乙酯收率可达到33%。     

相转移催化合成橙花素

报道了以溴乙烷和β-萘酚为原料,在相转移催化剂聚乙二醇(PEG-600)催化下合成橙花素的方法.考察了反应温度,相转移催化剂用量,反应物摩尔比,反应时间对产率的影响.当相转移催化剂用量为反应底物β-萘酚摩尔数的5%,β-萘酚与溴乙烷摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为5h时,产物收率可达到67.0%.     

医药中间体3-羟基丙腈合成新工艺

本项目研究的 3-羟基丙腈选择氯乙醇和氰化钠一步合成反应的技术路线 ,采用以丙酮为活性溶剂和在相转移催化剂存在下的合成新工艺。该合成工艺经小试和中试生产试验证明 ,其合成工艺先进、成熟、工艺设计合理、易于安全操作、适合于工业化生产。本研究合成技术的创新点 :①以丙酮为反应的活性溶剂 ,转化率高 ,总收率高达86%以上 ,远远高于文献报道值 ( 80 % ) ,产品纯度达 98%以上 ,完全符合原料药生产的技术要求 ;②合成中采用相转移催化技术 ,使原料间的反应更加容易 ,大大提高了反应效率。经查新在溶剂选择与催化剂应用方面未见有文献报…     

相转移催化合成对甲基苯甲醚

以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,催化对甲苯酚与硫酸二甲酯反应合成对甲基苯甲醚,并对催化剂的用量、反应物料比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产物收率的影响进行了讨论.结果表明,在硫酸二甲酯和对甲苯酚的摩尔比为1.4,相转移催化剂量为6%,pH=8,水浴控温50-60℃,反应时间为6 h条件下对甲基苯甲醚的产率最高可达92.36%.     

相转移催化应用于染料碱性黄—13合成的研究

本文将相转移催化方法应用于染料性黄—13的合成。并研究了不同类型的催化剂,反应温度,反应时间以及催化剂用量对转化率的影响。应用相转移催化新工艺对比于用甲醇为溶剂的老工艺．具有节能、省时、简化工艺设备降低成本,减少环境污染等优点,该工艺已应用于工厂碱性黄—13的生产中,产品色泽好,收率稳定。     

水溶性维生素E的合成工艺研究

采用纯度较高的VE琥珀酸单酯作为原料、对甲苯磺酸作为催化剂与聚乙二醇1 000进行酯化反应得到TPGS.通过考察初始原料比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯化反应的影响,发现初始原料比、催化剂用量和反应温度对酯化反应的影响比较显著,而当反应达到平衡时,反应时间对结果影响不大.因此又采用正交设计对优化TPGS的合成工艺,得到最佳工艺为反应时间为4 h、反应温度为110℃、催化剂用量为0.5 g和原料配比为2∶1.考察其重现性,得到平均转化率为95.261%、选择率为94.280%、收率为95.067%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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