猪场废水厌氧消化液好氧后处理过程亚硝化/硝化调控因素研究

采用序批式反应器（SBR）进行猪场废水厌氧消化液好氧后处理,研究后处理过程中亚硝化／硝化调控因素．在厌氧消化液中配入原水比例10％-30％（V／V）的试验中,配水比例越低,反应体系pH值越低,出水氨氮浓度越高,亚硝化率也越高．在曝气量100L／h-260L/h的条件下,曝气量越大,出水氨氮浓度越低,亚硝化率也越低．一个运行周期的监测数据反映出：曝气结束时氨氮浓度和溶解氧是影响硝化进程的主要因素．只要将曝气控制在氨氮刚好氧化完全时停止,即使大的曝气量也能达到高的亚硝化率（87％以上）,用硝化过程动力学常数能很好解释这种现象．在进水氨氮浓度524937mg／L范围内,进水氨氮浓度越高,出水氨氮浓度越高,但是亚硝化率平均值都在75％左右,说明进水NH3-N浓度对亚硝化率没有影响．试验结果表明：通过调控出水氨氮浓度和溶解氧可以将硝化进程控制在亚硝化阶段．     

水产养殖水体好氧同时硝化-反硝化脱氮的研究

利用筛选和分离的7株脱氮微生物，在好氧条件下将氨氮转化为亚硝酸氮，随即在好氧反硝化茵的作用下还原为氮气排放．将上述菌株固定在PVA凝胶膜中，研究了水产养殖水体中氨氮、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮在PVA凝胶膜中的扩散性能和转化脱氮过程，结果表明，氨氮、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮在PVA浓度为15％，细胞浓度为40g／L凝胶膜中，扩散系数分别为0．55m^2／s，0．46m^2／s，0．45m^2／s．整个生物脱氮过程历时较短，36h内对200mg／L的氨氮去除率达99％，而且无中间产物亚硝酸氮的积累，固定化微生物生长的适宜pH范围为7～9，最适温度为30℃；与游离的硝化细菌和反硝化细菌相比，固定化硝化茵是游离硝化茵对氨氧化速率的70％，固定化反硝化茵是游离反硝化茵对亚硝酸氮还原速率的74％．经过20d的连续处理，固定化微生物的稳定性远大于游离微生物，28d后，游离微生物在反应器内的浓度几乎为零，而固定化微生物的浓度和活性几乎不变．     

控制低溶解氧浓度实现生活污水短程硝化研究

以SBR工艺处理低C/N生活污水 ,研究了溶解氧浓度 (DO)对硝化过程中亚硝酸氮积累的影响 .在 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,进水氨氮为 78～ 10 8mg/L时 ,当DO <1.0mg/L ,出现亚硝酸氮的累积 .当DO在 0 .5～ 0 .7mg/L时 ,曝气时间 6h ,亚硝化率可达到 80 %以上 ,氨氮去除率在 95 %以上 .与其他 5个溶解氧浓度水平相比 ,该条件下是既达到较高亚硝化率 ,又达到较高氨氮去除率的最佳工况     

高浓度含氮废水亚硝化SBR工艺的动力学模型

针对高浓度含氮废水亚硝化SBR工艺,进行了动力学模型研究,建立了NH4 -N浓度变化模型、NO2--N浓度变化模型和NO3--N浓度变化模型.通过试验对动力学模型进行了预测与评价,结果表明:以动力学方程式(尤其是NH4 -N浓度变化的模型、NO2--N浓度变化的模型)计算的理论值与实测值结果基本吻合,对高浓度氨氮废水亚硝化SBR工艺的设计和运行具有一定的指导意义.     

不同曝气方式SBR短程硝化试验研究

在常温条件下(20~25℃),分别采用间歇曝气SBR(1号)和连续曝气SBR(2号),研究4个不同初始DO质量浓度(0.5~1.0,1.5~2.0,2.5~3.0和3.5~4.0 mg/L)下生活污水的亚硝化。研究结果表明:2个反应器的COD去除效果相差不大;运行50 d后,1号反应器的氨氮去除容积负荷比2号的大,且4个DO质量浓度下亚硝化率均在90%以上,而当2号反应器的DO质量浓度为3.5~4.0 mg/L时,亚硝化率由90%逐渐下降至72.9%,后采用间歇曝气经15 d成功使其亚硝化率恢复至90%。间歇曝气反应器内污泥中亚硝化菌的相对数量比连续曝气反应器的多,硝化菌则比连续曝气反应器的小。间歇曝气在节省能耗的同时可以稳定实现较高的氨氧化速率和亚硝化率,是常温生活污水SBR短程硝化长期高效稳定运行的有效手段。     

生物膜反应器亚硝化处理垃圾渗滤液的启动研究

本课题采用生物膜亚硝酸型硝化工艺去除垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,通过实验考察亚硝酸型硝化反应器的启动,发现反应器中发生了自氧脱氮现象,还考察了DO对亚硝酸型硝化工艺的影响。     

膜生物反应器净化污水的硝化反硝化性能

比较了膜生物反应器(MBR)和传统活性污泥工艺(CAS)在相同运行条件下处理生活污水的硝化和反硝化性能.结果表明,MBR对NH4 -N和TN的去除率分别比CAS高54.8%和37.3%.2种工艺的亚硝化、反硝化作用均呈零级反应,对应降解速率常数MBR分别约为CAS的2.2倍和2.5倍;CAS中硝化作用为零级反应,而MBR中硝化作用随时间推移趋于平缓.MBR中的细菌总数、硝酸菌、亚硝酸菌和反硝化菌数量分别比CAS工艺中相应菌种高1~2个数量级.通过控制曝气强度或减小回流通道断面限制缺氧区溶解氧质量浓度,可提高MBR中的反硝化效果.     

短程硝化与同时硝化反硝化耦合工艺的研究

在常温、低氨氮浓度下,通过控制DOC质量浓度在0.5～1.2 mg/L,在SBR反应器中成功实现短程硝化与同时硝化反硝化工艺的耦合;亚硝酸累积率达到78.5%,总氮损失率达到28.1%;研究了有机负荷和pH对耦合工艺的影响,结果表明,有机物负荷增加有利于提高耦合工艺总氮的去除率,负荷从0.11上升到0.47时,TN的去除率从18.0%上升至41.9%;本实验条件下耦合工艺最佳pH在7.6左右.     

DO和进水pH值对短程硝化及半亚硝化出水水质的影响

在常温条件下(25±2℃),以人工配制的低C/N比废水作为处理对象,研究溶解氧(DO)浓度、进水pH值对序批式反应器(SBR)短程硝化运行稳定性及半亚硝化出水水质的影响.在本实验条件下,控制DO浓度为0.3～0.8 mg.L-1,进水pH值为8.3～8.5能稳定运行短程硝化并实现半亚硝化出水.研究中还发现高浓度游离氨(FA)和游离亚硝酸(FNA)对氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)都会产生抑制作用,其中当FNA浓度大于0.01～0.03 mg.L-1,AOB和NOB活性开始受到抑制.     

不同曝气量对短程硝化特性的影响

通过控制SBR反应器内的温度为35±0.1℃、初始pH为8.0~8.4、初始游离氨(FA)浓度为19~35mg·L-1,在两周内实现了短程硝化的快速启动,并在稳定期考察了曝气量(24、36、48、60 L·h-1)对短程硝化特性的影响.结果表明:在线监测pH的"氨谷"和DO"跳跃点"可判断短程硝化反应的终点,从而控制曝气时间;不同曝气量下,出水亚硝态氮积累率均维持在95%以上,氨氮去除率为100%,反应器内亚硝态氮浓度变化均呈零级反应,其生成速率常数随曝气量增大而增大;当曝气量由低到高时,单位曝气量亚硝态氮比生成速率常数先增大后减小,曝气量为36 L·h-1时最小;综合考虑,短程硝化的曝气量为36 L·h-1时最为经济.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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