激光熔覆Mo2C-Co基合金的工艺参数对其组织的影响

利用10kW的CO2激光器在409L铁素体不锈钢表面激光熔覆w(Mo2C)=20%的Mo2C/Co基涂层,运用SEM、EDS、XRD及显微硬度仪观察和分析激光功率和扫描速度对熔覆层成型性、尺寸、组织及性能的影响.结果表明:激光熔覆合理的工艺参数为:P=3.6kW,v=8mm/s;钴基熔覆层组织由平面晶、柱状晶、树枝晶构成,熔覆层中物相主要为Mo2C颗粒、亚共晶γ-Co和共晶碳化物Cr23C6、Cr7C3;由于Mo2C颗粒加入,凝固组织的晶粒尺寸减小、晶粒细化,涂层的显微硬度从870HV提高至1 400HV.     

钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为5417 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为5923 HV,约为基体显微硬度（2207 HV）的2~3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-021 V）略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-023 V）,铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

激光工艺对45钢表面梯度熔覆层组织性能的影响

研究了激光熔覆功率、扫描速度和熔覆材料对熔覆层组织结构与耐磨性等的影响.结果表明:梯度熔覆层连续完整,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与45钢基体呈冶金结合状态.熔覆层显微组织特征为枝晶、等轴晶等多种形貌的快速凝固组织,由α-Fe,CrNiFe-C和Cr₇C₃等组成.熔覆层显微硬度呈梯度分布,表层硬度达7.48GPa,过渡层硬度达5.52GPa,分别是基体硬度的3.74和2.76倍.激光熔覆技术可显著提高45钢的耐磨性能.     

激光熔覆TiN金属陶瓷涂层的微观组织

采用CO2激光在TC4合金表面熔覆TiN—Ti和TiN—NiCrBSi金属陶瓷涂层，利用XRD和SEM等分析了熔覆层的微观组织，测试了熔覆层的硬度，结果表明：在TiN—Ti激光熔覆层中，表层TiN颗粒全部溶解，底层TiN颗粒部分溶解，熔覆层的组织是在α—Ti基体上分布着TiN树枝晶和TiN颗粒，熔覆层的显微硬度在400～700HV之间；TiN—NiCrBSi激光熔覆层的组织γ-Ni树枝晶和TiN颗粒等相组成，显微硬度在900-1200HV之间；熔覆层与基材结合区为TC4合金和Ni基合金的混和凝固区，呈现树枝晶和胞状晶形态，显微硬度在600～650HV之间．     

TC4合金氩弧熔覆TiN复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高钛合金表面性能,以TiN粉和Ti粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术,在TC4合金表面成功制备出TiN增强Ti基复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织和物相组成;利用显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合涂层的显微硬度和室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆涂层主要由TiN棒状树枝晶和TiN颗粒组成,复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,涂层的最高显微硬度可达9.5 GPa;复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损,其耐磨性较TC4合金基体提高近9倍。     

TC4合金表面激光熔覆CoCrW涂层工艺和性能

为提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆制备CoCrW涂层，并对其工艺及耐磨性和耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明：CoCrW熔覆层和TC4基体有着良好的冶金结合，熔覆涂层显微组织均匀致密，主要由树枝晶组成。在激光工艺参数中，扫描速度、离焦量、光斑直径和搭接率一致情况下，当激光功率为3000 W时，所得熔覆层硬度最大为1160 HV,为TC4基材硬度324 HV的近4倍，且在该功率下，CoCrW熔覆层平均摩擦系数最低为0.2363,磨损量最小，表现出较好的耐磨特性，磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微的黏着磨损；而TC4基材的平均摩擦系数为0.3598,磨损机制为黏着磨损和疲劳剥落磨损，此时，熔覆层的电化学腐蚀电位较高，腐蚀速率较低，表现出良好的耐蚀性。     

16Mn钢表面激光溶覆铁合金层的研究

利用C02激光器在16Mn钢表面实现Fe—Cr—Ni—B激光熔覆。观察了激光对熔覆层组织和显微硬度的影响；采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪分析熔覆层的成分和相组成。结果表明，熔覆层组织是树枝晶及胞状晶，熔覆层以非平衡的(Fe，Cr)相、(Fe，Ni)相存在。激光功率的提高位炼覆层组织细化、显微硬度提高，并使硬度分布更加趋于合理。     

Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向

采用同步送粉式激光熔覆工艺在45^#钢表面制备了Stellite Co基合金涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM)、附件（EDS）及X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的快速凝固微观组织特征和相结构。熔覆层初生相为γ-Co枝晶，枝晶间为γ-Co及Cr23C6共晶组成。在熔覆层的近自由表面，发现了一种新的、结晶方向与激光扫描速度方向平行的细小枝晶。熔覆层与基体界面为平面结晶，向中心过渡为胞状晶、柱状枝晶等多种形态。两道熔覆层的搭接区组织粗化，且出现准等轴晶、等轴晶。     

镁合金表面氩弧熔覆Al-Si基SiC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

采用氩弧熔覆方法作为镁合金材料表面强化,是一项全新技术,在AZ31B镁合金基体表面制备10%Si C粉末+Al-Si合金粉末的复合涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析涂层的物相组成和显微组织;利用显微维氏硬度计和干滑动摩擦磨损实验机测试复合涂层在室温下的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层与基体界面具有良好的结合,无气孔、夹杂、裂纹等缺陷;熔覆层主要由Mg2Si、Mg2C3、Mg17Al12、Al3.21Si0.47等物相组成;熔覆层内部主要由黑色块状组织组成,尺寸为2~5μm;由于在氩弧熔覆过程中生成了新的物相使得涂层的显微硬度提高,涂层平均硬度可达2.5 GPa,是AZ31镁合金基体的4倍;基体的平均摩擦系数约为0.7,10%Si C氩弧熔覆层摩擦系数约为0.57,摩擦系数明显降低;熔覆涂层的相对耐磨性较基体提高近5倍。     

原位生成TaB_2颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ta粉、B粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备原位生成TaB_2颗粒以增强Ni基复合涂层。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、物相、显微硬度以及涂层耐磨性进行分析研究。结果表明,镍基复合涂层形成良好,没有气孔和裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由原位生成的TaB_2颗粒相、Fe-Cr相及Cr_7C_3相组成。TaB_2颗粒弥散分布在基体上,氩弧熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度达到11.50 GPa,比基体Q235钢提高约4倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,该熔覆涂层的耐磨性比基体提高约12倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has