喷淋方向对船舶I型脱硫塔内部流场的影响

随着船舶尾气排放法规的严苛,如何提高船舶脱硫塔脱硫效率以及减小压降成为生产设计中的重要因素。本文以I型脱硫塔为研究对象,通过改变喷嘴的喷射方向对内部流场特性进行了优化。首先利用欧拉-拉格朗日方程建立了气液两相流动模型,其中烟气为连续相,喷淋液滴为离散相。采用多孔介质模型替代除雾器以计算其产生的压降,利用Ansys Fluent分别仿真三个不同喷射方向(A30、A90、A150)的脱硫塔内部流场。将A30的仿真结果与工厂实验进行对比,结果表明仿真得到的脱硫塔烟气出口温度及入口至除雾器下方的压降值与实验数据基本一致,证明了仿真的准确性。通过对三种喷射条件下的内部流场、温度及压力特性的对比研究,结果表明：三种喷射方向对脱硫塔压降影响不大,对烟气的降温效果均不佳,其中 A90所产生的降温效果和压降与A30几乎一样,A150喷射产生的压降相对较大及烟气降温效果相对较好;三种喷射方向均易造成烟气产生逃逸,其中A90逃逸现象最严重;A30的烟气截面速度标准偏差值Mf相对较低,更有助于气液两相接触。综合考虑采用A30喷射方式更有利于脱硫。     

喷淋方向对船舶Ⅰ型脱硫塔内部流场的影响

随着船舶尾气排放法规的严苛,如何提高船舶脱硫塔脱硫效率,以及减小压降成为生产设计中的重要因素。以Ⅰ型脱硫塔为研究对象,通过改变喷嘴的喷射方向对内部流场特性进行了优化。首先利用欧拉-拉格朗日方程建立了气液两相流动模型,其中烟气为连续相,喷淋液滴为离散相。采用多孔介质模型替代除雾器以计算其产生的压降,利用ANSYS Fluent分别仿真三个不同喷射方向(A30、A90、A150)的脱硫塔内部流场。将A30的仿真结果与工厂实验进行对比,结果表明仿真得到的脱硫塔烟气出口温度及入口至除雾器下方的压降值与实验数据基本一致,证明了仿真的准确性。通过对三种喷射条件下的内部流场、温度及压力特性的对比研究,结果表明:三种喷射方向对脱硫塔压降影响不大,对烟气的降温效果均不佳,其中A90所产生的降温效果和压降与A30几乎一样,A150喷射产生的压降相对较大及烟气降温效果相对较好;三种喷射方向均易造成烟气产生逃逸,其中A90逃逸现象最严重; A30的烟气截面速度标准偏差值相对较低,更有助于气液两相接触。综合考虑采用A30喷射方式更有利于脱硫。     

湿法脱硫塔内脱硫浆液运动特性

为了分析湿法脱硫塔运行中所存在的问题,以600 MW机组湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔为研究对象,使用数值模拟方法对塔内两相流场进行研究,获得湿法脱硫塔内流场分布以及不同粒径液滴的运动轨迹、逃逸率及停留时间。研究结果表明:2 mm以上粒径液滴在塔内分布较均匀,1 mm以下粒径液滴运动受流场影响明显,使其数量分布集中于塔内低速区;当液滴粒径小于0.2 mm时,逃逸率几乎为100%;当液滴粒径大于0.2 mm时,液滴逃逸率曲线随着粒径增大迅速减小,直至当逃逸率为20%时,逃逸率曲线开始缓慢下降;随着粒径的增大,液滴停留时间曲线具有峰值,且该峰值粒径也是在逃逸率曲线中开始缓慢下降处的粒径;流场不均匀性导致0.8 mm以下粒径液滴逃逸率降低,0.8 mm以上粒径液滴逃逸率增大,同时导致下落液滴停留时间减少。     

矩形斜板湿法除尘塔气液两相流数值模拟

以自主研制的矩形斜板湿法除尘塔为物理模型,采用CFD(计算流体力学)软件Fluent对塔内三维气液两相的流场进行了数值模拟.计算中气相采用标准k-ε湍流模型,液相采用拉格朗日离散相模型,液滴的壁面行为采用壁面液膜模型.结果表明:矩形斜板除尘塔能有效地增大气液接触面积,增强气液扰动,延长气体在塔内的停留时间;在塔体的进口区域会出现烟气冲壁和液滴冲壁的现象;在进气管一侧的塔体顶部会出现流动死区;喷淋液体对气场有一定的整流作用,在喷嘴处可以观察到气体卷吸的现象;增大进口烟速,可增大液滴在塔内的充满度,但同时会出现液滴夹带的现象.最后,在不同气速,不同的液气比下对塔内的压力损失进行了实验验证,实验值与模拟值吻合较好.     

卧式喷淋塔烟气脱硫的数值模拟

卧式喷淋塔技术是北京科技大学环境中心开发的一种新型烟气脱硫系统工艺,在某些方面克服了立式喷淋塔的缺点,具有脱硫效率高、压力损失小、运行成本低、易检修等特点.但在实际工程中仍然需要进一步的改进.为了研究不同喷淋的布置格局对卧式喷淋塔的内部流场的影响,构建了卧式喷淋塔物理模型,采用Icem软件划分网格,利用Fluent软件数值模拟计算.模拟中选择k-ε湍流模型及随机轨道模型,数值模拟计算采用SIMPLE算法.模拟结果表明:双层喷淋设置时喷雾锥角为90°,上部喷淋高度为距顶部0.9 m,下部喷淋高度为距顶部2.4 m,喷淋层间距为1.5 m时,有效的减少脱硫塔压力损失,降低能耗,塔内吸收区烟气流动的速度均匀,增大了气液接触的频率.烟气的温度适宜于气液反应.总体上提高了烟气的脱硫效率,为实际工程的设计和应用提供指导.     

关键部位对脱硫塔结构的动力影响分析

文章采用有限元程序对烟气湿法脱硫塔薄壳结构的动力特性进行研究,分析了结构关键部位(喷淋管和浆液)在程序中的不同处理方式对结构动力特性的影响程度,并对弹性时程计算进行比较分析.结果表明,喷淋管对结构的约束刚度的大小及浆液对结构动力特性和时程反应的影响都很大.在对此类特种薄壳结构进行结构动力设计和抗震分析时,应当合理考虑这些部位对结构的影响.     

石灰浆液荷电喷雾脱硫流场的数值模拟

为了获得脱硫塔内荷电石灰浆液脱硫率的理论计算方法,开展了荷电气液两相流场的数值模拟.通过试验用脱硫塔内部荷电喷雾脱硫特点的分析,建立了几何模型、静电场模型和两相流模型,通过商用Fluent6.3计算功能的扩展,获得环状电极静电场分布,进而实现感应静电场与两相流场的耦合计算,分析了浆液荷电条件下的两相流场特性及其对脱硫效果的影响.结果表明:电场强度分布基本对称于脱硫塔轴线,随着与电极距离的增加场强衰减迅速;浆液滴荷电使射流区外侧卷吸区域加大,浆液滴速度下降,电极附近射流影响区域变短,有利于加强两相接触和SO2吸收,同向并流的荷电脱硫增益更明显.     

喷淋层组合方式对大型脱硫塔内流动和热湿交换过程影响的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学方法对大型脱硫塔内的喷淋层(共4层)组合方案进行数值模拟。通过欧拉-拉格朗日方法,充分考虑气液两相间的动量、质量和能量交互作用,同时把气相湍流脉动对离散相轨迹的影响也考虑在内,从而获得喷淋层变化时塔内的气液两相流动和热湿交换规律,并与现场数据作对比。研究结果表明:仅底层喷淋时,在吸收塔入口左上方,气相有较大的漩涡区。而仅顶层和多层喷淋时,上述流场不均匀性得以消除。喷淋层数越多气相压损越大;仅顶层喷淋时的气相压损为仅底层喷淋的2倍。吸收塔内,喷淋层所在区段的湍动能最高;喷淋层数越多,高湍动能区域的范围和数值均增大。多层喷淋时,在第2层喷淋位置的截面平均湍动能最高,烟气继续往上流动,湍动能逐渐减小。不管喷淋层组合方式如何,烟气降温速率和水蒸气浓度增加速率的极大值所在位置都位于底层喷淋以下、近烟气入口上缘处。模拟发现,塔内潜热换热和显热换热各占总换热量的87%和13%。     

吸收塔塔壁防冲刷装置概述

为防止烟气沿吸收塔塔壁逃逸导致脱硫效率降低,在一般喷淋空塔设计中,喷嘴所喷出的浆液都会直接冲刷到塔壁,封堵烟气沿塔壁逃逸的线路,长期的浆液冲刷容易造成吸收塔壁磨损穿孔。提出了吸收塔塔壁防冲刷装置的设计理念,分析了其可行性,并提供了实际应用案例,可为其他脱硫工程设计提供一定的参考,达到优化设计的目的。     

三相循环流化床的操作特性

对脱硫工业中的三相循环流化床的操作特性进行了研究.结果发现:空塔时气速对填料 挡板压降的影响较大;有喷淋时,压降的变化主要是气速、喷淋密度共同作用的结果.吸收剂的pH值大时,脱硫率高;pH值小时,脱硫率低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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