植物细胞培养实验在细胞工程实验教学中的应用

为提高细胞工程实验教学的效果,培养学生的实验操作能力和解决问题能力,探索了适合于实验教学的具体化和可操作的植物细胞培养方案.大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)和紫花地丁(Viola philippica)可作为植物细胞培养的理想实验材料;诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为基本培养基+2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸2 mg/L+6-苄氨基腺嘌呤0.4 mg/L.     

The insect nephrocyte is a podocyte-like cell with a filtration slit diaphragm

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the vertebrate kidney. It is composed of a glomerulus, the site of ultrafiltration, and a renal tubule, along which the filtrate is modified. Although widely regarded as a vertebrate adaptation, 'nephron-like' features can be found in the excretory systems of many invertebrates, raising the possibility that components of the vertebrate excretory system were inherited from their invertebrate ancestors. Here we show that the insect nephrocyte has remarkable anatomical, molecular and functional similarity to the glomerular podocyte, a cell in the vertebrate kidney that forms the main size-selective barrier as blood is ultrafiltered to make urine. In particular, both cell types possess a specialized filtration diaphragm, known as the slit diaphragm in podocytes or the nephrocyte diaphragm in nephrocytes. We find that fly (Drosophila melanogaster) orthologues of the major constituents of the slit diaphragm, including nephrin, NEPH1 (also known as KIRREL), CD2AP, ZO-1 (TJP1) and podocin, are expressed in the nephrocyte and form a complex of interacting proteins that closely mirrors the vertebrate slit diaphragm complex. Furthermore, we find that the nephrocyte diaphragm is completely lost in flies lacking the orthologues of nephrin or NEPH1-a phenotype resembling loss of the slit diaphragm in the absence of either nephrin (as in human congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, NPHS1) or NEPH1. These changes markedly impair filtration function in the nephrocyte. The similarities we describe between invertebrate nephrocytes and vertebrate podocytes provide evidence suggesting that the two cell types are evolutionarily related, and establish the nephrocyte as a simple model in which to study podocyte biology and podocyte-associated diseases.     

鳞翅目昆虫细胞抗菌肽的诱导、筛选及抗菌活性的研究

选取3种离体培养的鳞翅目昆虫细胞系,采用热灭活的大肠杆菌诱导的方法,诱导其产生抗菌肽,并进行抗菌活性检测、诱导动力学研究及Tricine SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测分析．结果筛选到1株诱导抗菌活性较高的昆虫细胞系——粉纹夜蛾BTI-Tn-5B1细胞系,并发现该粉纹夜蛾5B1细胞在诱导后16h产生了1个分子量大约为8000的抗菌肽,抗菌活性检测表明其对金黄色葡萄球菌（Sta phylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli K12D31）、德氏卑沙门氏菌（Salmonella derby）均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中特别是对革兰氏阴性菌——大肠杆菌K12D31和德氏卑沙门氏菌有较强的抑菌活性．     

Unique cell lines harbouring both Epstein-Barr virus and adult T-cell leukaemia virus, established from leukaemia patients

Members of three distinct classes of animal virus have been associated with naturally occurring neoplasias in man: Epstein--Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus belonging to herpesvirus group, papillomavirus, and a novel human RNA (retro) virus, human T-cell leukemia virus or adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) virus. We have established seven continuous cell lines from ATL patients and 0.1-7% of these cells consistently express ATL-specific antigens (ATLA). EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) is also found in more than 90% of these cells. We have cloned cells from two of these lines and show here that both ATLA and EBNA were present in the same B-cell clone carrying surface immunoglobulin (sIg).     

昆虫翼粘弹性特性及其本构模型

通过蜻蜓翅脉的应力松弛实验,验证了昆虫翼的粘弹性特性.并且通过数值拟合,发现可以用标准线性固体模型对其进行描述.通过理论推导,证明昆虫翼粘弹性特性对于昆虫实际高频飞行中提升翼刚度、控制变形幅度、稳定飞行起到很关键的作用.     

植物挥发性次生物质对昆虫的行为调控及其机制

植物挥发性次生物质是植物在代谢过程中产生的一些短链碳氢化合物及其衍生物，在植食性昆虫的寄主植物定位、交配、寻找合适的产卵场所、取食等行为调控中起重要作用，还可调节天敌寻找寄主等行为，以及作为植物的间接防御手段和昆虫外激素的协同素。综述植物挥发性次生物质对昆虫的行为调控及其作用机理，进一步分析植物挥发性次生物质在害虫防治中的发展前景。