Three new species of free‐living marine nematodes from the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea,China

Three new species of marine nematodes belonging to the genera Paranticoma (family Anticomidae) and Parodontophora (family Axonolaimidae) are described from the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Paranticoma tricerviseta sp. nov. is similar to P. bandaenseMicoletzky and Kreis, in the spicules, but can be distinguished by the presence of a ventral projection on the spicules, three regularly arranged cervical setae in both the male and female, and two distinct ventral setae behind the anus. Parodontophora deltensis sp. nov. is close to P. paragranulifera (Timm, ) in the length of the amphids, with the ventral arm of the amphid extending past the base of the stoma, but can be separated by the ratio of dorsal arm length to ventral arm (0.36–0.55 versus 0.20–0.25) and the position of the excretory pore (at the middle level versus top level of the stoma), distinctive cervical setae arrangement and a longer renette cell. Parodontophora wuleidaowanensis sp. nov. is close to P. danker Belogurov and Kartavtseva, in the form of the amphids, but can be distinguished by the longer length of the ventral arm of the amphids and the distinctive arrangement of cervical setae.     

A new genus and three new species of free‐living marine nematodes from the Yellow Sea,China

One new genus, Paramphimonhystrella gen. nov., and three new species of free‐living marine nematodes in this genus, P. elegans sp. nov., P. minor sp. nov., and P. sinica sp. nov., are described and illustrated from the Yellow Sea, China. Paramphimonhystrella gen. nov. differs from the similar genus Amphimonhystrella by the elongated buccal cavity, cervical setae and large caudal glands. Paramphimonhystrella elegans sp. nov. is characterized by ovoid amphids and spicules with a small hook at distal end and cylindrical part of tail shorter than conical part. Paramphimonhystrella sinica sp. nov. is characterized by circular amphids, wide buccal cavity, spicules with blunt tip, and cylindrical part of tail longer than conical part. Paramphimonhystrella minor sp. nov. differs from the other two species by its smaller body (shorter than 800 µm), circular amphids, and spicules with sharp tip. The type species of this new genus is P. elegans gen. nov. and sp. nov. Types are deposited in the College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China.     

On Paranacypris samambaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Crustacea,Ostracoda), the first South American psychrodromid from the alluvial valley of the Upper Paraná River,Brazil

Paranacypris samambaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is here described from closed lakes in the alluvial valley of the Upper Paraná River. The new genus, characterized by a large frontally overlapping left valve, belongs in the Psychrodromini, and is the first representative of this tribe described in South America. Nevertheless, it has some different character states, and the diagnosis of the tribe had to be adapted. The species is rare and restricted to closed lakes (not in contact with the main channels of the river). It mostly occurs in benthic littoral habitats, and far less in the pleuston communities, the most common habitat in this floodplain. The behaviour of P. samambaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is enigmatic because it combines long natatory setae on the antennae (swimming behaviour) with a very stout caudal ramus, including the spine‐like posterior seta (crawling behaviour). We present a key to the genera of the Herpetocypridinae.