The Cheilostomate Bryozoa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) collected by the Spanish 'Antartida 8611' Expedition to the Scotia Arc and South Shetland Islands

The Cheilostome Bryozoa of the ‘Antartida 8611’ Expedition, collected by the Spanish Oceanographic Institution (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, IEO) during the Antarctic summer 1986–87 are listed. This expedition collected abundant material of benthic invertebrates at many stations in the Scotia Sea archipelagos and South Shetland Islands, of which 70 yielded Cheilostomate Bryozoa. Of 85 species found, 32 have been collected in areas where they were not previously known. Twenty of them are recorded north of their known limit of distribution and two recorded south. Most of these species are cited for the first time for the Scotia Arc, thus supporting the generally admitted homogeneity of the Antarctic fauna. The presence of Arachnopusia monoceros in the Southern Ocean is confirmed; a previously unknown variability in the colony shape of Kymella polaris is reported and the ovicell of Exochella umbonata is described. In addition, four species have been proposed as new to science, three of them, belonging to the genera Cellaria, Klugerella and Hippomonavella, described in the present work and one, Macropora georgiensis, included in a previous work. Together with the discussion of the new species of Klugerella, the specific composition of this genus is updated, with the assignation of Membraniporella aragoi (Audouin) and Membraniporella marcusi Cook to Klugerella. The examination of the inner side of the orifice and the frontal wall of three species of Hippomonavella reveals that the frontal is at least partially umbonuloid and that this genus is better accommodated in the family Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 than in Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909. Se presenta un listado de los Briozoos Queilostomados obtenidos en la campana ‘Antartida 8611’ del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO) durante el verano antartico de 1986-87. Esta expedicion recolecto un abundante material de invertebrados bentonicos en un alto numero de estaciones de los archipielagos del arco del Scotia y las islas Shetland del Sur, de las cuales 70 contenian briozoos. De las 85 especies encontradas, 32 se han recogido en areas en las que no eran conocidas previamente. De ellas, 22 aumentan hacia el norte su limite de distribucion y dos hacia el sur. Muchas de estas especies se citan por primera vez en el arco del Scotia, corroborando la generalmente admitida homogeneidad de la fauna antartica. La presencia de Arachnopusia monoceros en aguas antarticas, que habia sido puesta en duda, se confirma; se describe una variabilidad antes no conocida de la forma colonial de Kymella polaris, asi como la ovicela de Exochella umbonata, que no habia sido encontrada. Ademas, cuatro especies se han propuesto como nuevas para la Ciencia, de las que tres, pertenecientes a los generos Cellaria, Klugerella e Hippomonavella, se describen en este trabajo, y la otra, Macropora georgiensis, se ha incluido en una revision del genero publicada anteriormente. En la discusion de la nueva especie de Klugerella, se actualiza la composicion especifica de este genero, anadiendo al mismo Membraniporella aragoi (Audouin) y Membraniporella marcusi Cook. Se pone de manifiesto que la pared frontal de Hippomonavella es al menos parcialmente umbonuloide y, dadas las caracteristicas de dicha pared y del orificio, se propone que el genero Hippomonavella esta mejor situado en la familia Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 que en Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909.     

Composition,characteristics and long-term variability of the freshwater microcrustacean fauna of the Faroe Islands

ABSTRACT

Despite the accessibility of the Faroe Islands, faunistic research on their numerous lakes and ponds is quite rare. The biota of Faroese freshwaters is still underexplored, and its specific traits raise many questions. In the present survey, 32 microcrustacean species were observed, 8 of which were new to the Faroese fauna. The obtained species list shows that Cladocera species prevail over Copepoda here, which is not typical of northern territories. This fact is due to (1) the extraordinarily warm climate of the Faroe Islands compared to other areas at similar latitudes because of the heating effect of the surrounding North Atlantic Current and (2) the lack of calanoid species, which have never been found in the freshwaters of the Faroe Islands. The diachronic analysis of the species diversity and composition over the centuries of research on the archipelago showed no evidence of the impact of global climate change on the fauna.     

The shore fishes of Trindade Island,western South Atlantic

Trindade Island (20°30'S, 29°20'W) is located approximately 620 nautical miles (1160km) off the eastern Brazilian coast. Due to its geographical isolation, its ichthyofauna arouses great biogeographic interest. This work intends to provide the first comprehensive checklist for the shore fishes of Trindade Island. Six expeditions were undertaken (1995, 1997, two in 1998, 1999 and 2000—in total 86 days of fieldwork) to survey the ichthyofauna from tidal pools to reefs 30 m deep. A checklist of 97 species belonging to 44 families is presented, with information on the ecology and geographical distribution of each species. The most representative families were the Carangidae (nine species), Serranidae (nine), Labridae (seven), Pomacentridae (five) and Muraenidae (five). Trindade is zoogeographically related to the western Atlantic, since 32% of its species are also found in the continental margin and 12.3% are shared with the western and central Atlantic. Nearly thirty-five percent of the shore fish fauna of Trindade are widespread pan-Atlantic warm-water species. Another 14.6% are restricted to the Brazilian Province. At least six endemic species (6.2%) were found: Malacoctenus sp. (Labrisomidae), Scartella sp., Entomacrodus sp. (Blenniidae), Arcos sp. (Gobiesocidae), Elacatinus sp. and Lythrypinus sp. (Gobiidae). This endemism level is lower than that found on the tropical mid-Atlantic Ridge islands of St. Helena (13.9%), Ascension (15.7%) and St. Paul's Rocks (12.1%).     

Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) of the Canary Islands

Of the four species of phlebotomine sandflies known from the Canary Islands one is endemic. The subgenus Phlebotomus (Abonnencius), created to accommodate this endemic species, is newly synonymized with Ph. (Anaphlebotomus). The biology of Canary Island sandflies is summarized and a comparison of the fauna to that of continental Africa suggests a closer affiliation to the eremic Palearctic than to the Afrotropical Region.     

The blackfly fauna of Majorca and other Balearic Islands (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Results are presented of a survey of the Simullidae of the Balearic Islands, an archipelago not previously studied for its blackfly fauna. Four morphospecies occur, none endemic, of which Prosimulium aculeatum is a rare species previously known only from Sardinia and Sicily, and Simulium cryophilum, S. velutinum and S. intermedium widespread in western Europe and North Africa.     

The non-marine Crustacea of Antarctica and the Islands of the Southern Ocean: biodiversity and biogeography

A total of 101 verified species and eight ordinal taxa represent the non-marine Crustacea on Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean. The largely terrestrial Isopoda and Amphipoda are confined to some sub-Antarctic and cool temperate islands while the predominantly freshwater Anostraca, Anomopoda, Copepoda (=Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida) and Ostracoda (Podocopida) occur throughout the region. Holocene sea-level rises fragmented freshwater and terrestrial species ranges on New Zealand, Auckland, Campbell, and possibly other South Pacific islands, leaving a legacy of vicariant taxa. Tertiary species probably survived Pleistocene glaciation in aquatic refugia on the New Zealand/South Pacific, Falkland, Crozet and Kerguelen archipelagoes, but there are no valid records of Tertiary Antarctic Crustacea. All 40 Continental and Maritime Antarctic freshwater records can be ascribed to the historic introduction of anthropogenic aliens, Holocene immigration of colonists, returning re-colonists and marine species 'marooned' in epishelf and other coastal lakes.     

Gobiid fishes from the Cape Verde Islands,including two new species of Gobius (Teleostei: Gobioidei)

Ten species of gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei) now listed from the Cape Verde islands fall into several zoogeographical categories, including tropical West African Bathygobius casamancus, Mauligobius nigri, Porogobius schlegelii (unconfirmed) and Vanneaugobius canariensis, tropical amphiatlantic B. soporator and Gnatholepis thompsoni, and Canarian Didogobius kochi. Two new species of the eastern Atlantic, predominantly temperate genus Gobius are described: G. ateriformis sp. nov. and G. tetrophthalmus sp. nov., known so far only from the Cape Verdes, but reported occurrence of the congeneric Atlantic-Mediterranean G. paganellus has not been confirmed. The pattern of free neuromast organs (sensory papillae) of the head lateral-line system in Mauligobius nigri and the habitat of this species are described for the first time and its distribution further discussed. Diversity of gobies and other inshore fishes at the Cape Verdes is briefly indicated.     

The polychaete fauna of Careel Bay,Pittwater, New South Wales,Australia

Summary

The polychaete fauna of Careel Bay, Pittwater (33°37′S; 151°20′E) a sheltered estuarine area just north of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia is described. Some 57 species are described of which Parahalosydna chrysostichtus, Nereis posidoniae, Malacoceros divisus. Polydora penicillata. Prionospio multicristata. Nerinides vexillatus, Caulleriella tricapillata, Notomastus torquatus, Amphicteis dalmatica and Streblosoma acymatum are new species and 11 are new records for Australia. All previous Australian records are given for each species.     

A limnological reconnaissance of the Falkland Islands; with particular reference to the waterfleas (Arthropoda: Anomopoda)

Forty‐eight freshwater bodies on the Falkland Islands, including 33 lakes and pools, and 12 rivers and streams, were sampled for freshwater invertebrates. This study yielded 129 species of invertebrates (79 Rotifera, 34 Arthropoda, six Platyhelminthes, three Gastrotricha, two Nematoda, two Annelida, two Mollusca, and one Tardigrada) plus two fish species bringing the known Falkland Islands freshwater fauna to more than 170 species. While the presence of fishes, molluscs, amphipods, caddis larvae, waterboatmen, parasitic cercaria, and truly planktonic rotifers make the Falkland Islands fauna markedly richer than any subantarctic, or maritime Antarctic island, it is nevertheless sparse when compared with other temperate and tropical locations.     

The scolopendromorph centipedes of St John,U.S. Virgin Islands collected by Dr W. B. Muchmore

A collection of scolopendromorph centipedes from the U.S. Virgin Islands is described. It comprises five species Scolopendra alternans, Cormocephalus impulsus sp. nov., Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caraibicus, Newportia longitarsis virginensis subsp. nov., and Cryptops neocaledonicus muchmorei subsp. nov.     

Biodiversity and biogeography of non-marine Mollusca on the islands of the Southern Ocean

There are no terrestrial and freshwater molluscs associated with Continental nor Maritime Antarctica. The malacofaunas of the cool-temperate and sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean are extremely depauperate, comprising a mere 68 site-records of 51 species from 27 genera in 13 families. The South Atlantic records are confined to the Falkland Islands, which harbour nine species (one bivalve, five pond snails and three terrestrial aliens), and South Georgia, where there is one Notodiscus sp. (Charopidae). The fauna of the South Indian Ocean islands of Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen and Heard, comprises two alien slugs and endemic Notodiscus hookeri (Charopidae). The majority of species occur on the South Pacific Ocean Islands of Macquarie, Campbell, Auckland, Snares, Antipodes, Bounty and Chatham to the south and east of New Zealand. The Chatham fauna is dissimilar to that on the other South Pacific Islands, though both represent vicariant remnants of common South Pacific Is./New Zealand Athoracophoridae, Charopidae and Punctidae. There is, other than the broad South Indian Ocean distribution of Notodiscus hookeri, little evidence of Holocene dispersal and colonization. Indeed the Southern Ocean is an effective barrier and the different regional (South Atlantic/Indian/Pacific) faunas are principally vicariant and derived from local survivors of Pleistocene glaciation.     

A synopsis of present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands,including keys to the larval and pupal stages

As human demands for water have become more intense in modern times, the Canary Islands have become a difficult environment for all the macroinvertebrate fauna dependent upon running water for their survival; few permanent streams remain. Investigations on the simuliid (blackfly) fauna have shown, however, that at least six species exist in the archipelago, but that one, the endemic Simulium paraloutetense, known only from one site now destroyed, is possibly extinct. The paper presents cumulated data on distribution and material obtained over the past 33 years (since aquatic-stage specimens from breeding sites were first collected) with the aim of providing a baseline against which future studies of the Canarian simuliid fauna can be assessed. Revised identification keys for larvae and pupae are given to aid such monitoring. Remarks concerning each species include notes on chromosomal data when these are available. Comments are included on some aspects of the lotic habitats and island colonization.     

Two new species of the commensal shrimp genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915, (Decapoda,Palaemonidae) from the Maldive Islands

Two new species of the commensal shrimp genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, found in the waters of the Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean, are described and illustrated. P. tchesunovi sp. nov. is related to P. rastrifer Bruce. The former may be distinguished by its deeper rostrum, with dentition 6/1, the presence of supraorbital tubercles, and broad, spatulate fingers on the first pereiopods. P. zarenkovi sp. nov. closely resembles P. diplosomatis Bruce in the presence of minute denticulations on the dactylar cutting edge of the major second pereiopod, but differs from it by a deeper rostrum with 5 dorsal teeth, more robust chelae of the second pereiopods, and small dorsal telson spines.     

The fishes of Saint Helena Island,South Atlantic Ocean. II. The pelagic fishes

The pelagic fishes of St Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean (15°58′S 5°43′W) are reviewed. A checklist of 53 taxa of pelagic fishes, with notes on fisheries significance, ecology and geographical distribution, is presented. Twelve of the taxa have not before been recorded at St Helena. Of particular interest are records of three primarily Indo-Pacific species: Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck and Schlegel), Uraspis helvola (Forster) and Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède). Apart from U. helvola, which is known also from Ascension Island, these species are not otherwise recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.

Of the 49 pelagic fishes whose identities are clear, 81·6% are wide-ranging species known from both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions, 12·2% are pan-Atlantic warm-water species and 4·1% are eastern Atlantic species which reach their western limit in the central Atlantic. In addition, the subspecies Platybelone argalus trachura is found only at St Helena and Ascension.

The principal pelagic species caught by St Helena fisheries are Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, T. obesus, T. alalunga, Scomber japonicus, Acanthocybium solandri and Pseudocaranx dentex, which together accounted for almost 95% of fish landings in 1982–1983 fiscal year.